Spring源码学习--Bean对象初始化（二）

即使我们在不了解Spring对bean的初始化机制，我们也可以根据Java语言的特性猜测到其很有可能是通过反射机制来完成Bean的初始化操作，接下来我们一步一步的剖析Spring对Bean的初始化操作。

首先Spring会通过调用 getBean(String name)来获取Bean，在获取bean的过程中完成的Bean的初始化操作。

AbstractBeanFactory类中：

	@Override
	public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
		return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
	}

在doGetBean方法中会判断bean的类型单例、原型，如果是单例则需要判断是否已经初始化bean并添加到缓存中，如果是原型bean则需要重新初始化bean，由于Spring对beanName提供了别名机制，所有需要通过beanName获取最终的bean名称。

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	protected <T> T doGetBean(
			final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
			throws BeansException {

		//查找name是否有别名，获取最终的beanName
		final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
		Object bean;

		//如果bean是单例模式，首先尝试从缓存中获取
		Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
		if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
					logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
							"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
				}
				else {
					logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
				}
			}
			//会判断bean是否是FactoryBean，如果不是直接返回sharedInstance，否则调用sharedInstance.getObject()方法返回bean
			bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
		}

		else {
			if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
				throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
			}
			//判断容器是否有服容器，如果有则首先尝试从父容器中获取
			BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
			if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
				// Not found -> check parent.
				String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
				if (args != null) {
					// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
					return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
				}
				else {
					// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
					return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
				}
			}

			if (!typeCheckOnly) {
				markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
			}

			try {
				//根据beanName获取bean的元数据
				final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
				checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

				// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
				String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
				if (dependsOn != null) {
					for (String dep : dependsOn) {
						if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
							throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
									"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
						}
						registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
						getBean(dep);
					}
				}

				// bean是单例
				if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
					//获取bean，首先会暴露一个ObjectFactory，通过调用getObject来调用createBean(beanName, mbd, args)获取bean
					sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
						@Override
						public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
							try {
								//
								return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
							}
							catch (BeansException ex) {
								destroySingleton(beanName);
								throw ex;
							}
						}
					});
					//会判断bean是否是FactoryBean，如果不是直接返回sharedInstance，否则调用sharedInstance.getObject()方法返回bean
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}
				//bean是原型
				else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
					// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
					Object prototypeInstance = null;
					try {
						beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
						//初始化bean
						prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
					}
					finally {
						afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
					}
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}
				//bean是其他模式
				else {
					String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
					final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
					if (scope == null) {
						throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
					}
					try {
						Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
							@Override
							public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
								beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
								try {
									return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
								}
								finally {
									afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
								}
							}
						});
						bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
					}
					catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
								"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
								"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
								ex);
					}
				}
			}
			catch (BeansException ex) {
				cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
				throw ex;
			}
		}
		//省略代码..........
		return (T) bean;
	}

接下来我们看看在createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args)中进行的处理操作，在createBean中会通过BeanDefinition中获取类名resolvedClass（反射机制重要的一个参数），并且会调用resolveBeforeInstantiation在bean初始的过程中做一些预处理（简单来说就是BeanPostProcessor的实现类所做的处理操作，参考博客 Spring源码学习--BeanPostProcessor）。

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory：

@Override
	protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
		}
		RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;

		//获取类名，通过反射机制来实例化类
		Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
		if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
			mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
			//设置类名
			mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
		}

		// Prepare method overrides.
		try {
			mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
		}
		catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
			throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
					beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
		}

		try {
			// Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
			//如果bean想要在初始化后使用之前做一些预处理操作
			Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
			if (bean != null) {
				return bean;
			}
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
					"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
		}
		//初始化bean
		Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
		}
		return beanInstance;
	}

doCreateBean中完成的处理操作就比较多了，简单来说调用了几个方法完成了bean的初始化操作：

createBeanInstance完成通过构造函数初始化bean的操作；

addSingletonFactory完成将初始化的bean提前暴露出去，这样就解决了单例bean非构造函数的循环引用问题；

populateBean完成bean的属性注入操作，通过set方法或者注解注入属性；

initializeBean完成了bean注入时设置的init-method方法的执行，同时在执行init-method之前会调用applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization完成bean使用前的处理操作，调用applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization完成bean初始化后的操作；

protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)
			throws BeanCreationException {
		BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
		if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
			instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
		}
		//初始化bean实例
		if (instanceWrapper == null) {
			instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
		}
		final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
		Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);
		synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
			if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
				try {
					applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
				}
				catch (Throwable ex) {
					throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
							"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
				}
				mbd.postProcessed = true;
			}
		}

		//将初始化的bean提前暴露出去，暴露一个ObjectFactory，这也是Spring解决单例bean非构造函数依赖的解决方法
		boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
				isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
		if (earlySingletonExposure) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
						"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
			}
			addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
				@Override
				public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
					return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
				}
			});
		}

		// Initialize the bean instance.
		Object exposedObject = bean;
		try {
			//初始化bean的各种注入或者setXX参数
			populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
			if (exposedObject != null) {
				//调用注入类的init-method方法
				exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
			}
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
				throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
			}
			else {
				throw new BeanCreationException(
						mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
			}
		}

		//
		// Register bean as disposable.
		try {
			registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
		}
		catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
			throw new BeanCreationException(
					mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
		}

		return exposedObject;
	}

createBeanInstance中会通过bean的构造函数或者默认构造函数来完成bean的初始化工作。

protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) {
		
		//省略代码.............
		
		if (resolved) {
			if (autowireNecessary) {
				//通过构造函数初始化
				return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
			}
			else {
				//使用默认构造函数初始化
				return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
			}
		}

		// Need to determine the constructor...
		Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
		if (ctors != null ||
				mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
				mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args))  {
			return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
		}

		// No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
		return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
	}

instantiateBean中会调用bean初始策略InstantiationStrategy的实现类完成bean的初始化操作。

protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
		try {
			Object beanInstance;
			final BeanFactory parent = this;
			if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
				beanInstance = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
					@Override
					public Object run() {
						return getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
					}
				}, getAccessControlContext());
			}
			else {
				//调用bean初始化策InstantiationStrategy略初始化bean
				beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
			}
			BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance);
			initBeanWrapper(bw);
			return bw;
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new BeanCreationException(
					mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Instantiation of bean failed", ex);
		}
	}

调用InstantiationStrategy的instantiate方法完成初始化操作。

SimpleInstantiationStrategy（InstantiationStrategy实现类）

@Override
	public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
		// Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides.
		if (bd.getMethodOverrides().isEmpty()) {
			Constructor<?> constructorToUse;
			synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) {
				constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;
				if (constructorToUse == null) {
					final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass();
					if (clazz.isInterface()) {
						throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
					}
					try {
						if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
							constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>() {
								@Override
								public Constructor<?> run() throws Exception {
									return clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null);
								}
							});
						}
						else {
							constructorToUse =	clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null);
						}
						bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;
					}
					catch (Throwable ex) {
						throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);
					}
				}
			}
			//最终在BeanUtils中完成bean的初始化操作
			return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse);
		}
		else {
			// Must generate CGLIB subclass.
			return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner);
		}
	}

最终我们发现bean的初始化操作是在BeanUtils中完成的，通过反射机制完成Bean的初始化操作。

public static <T> T instantiateClass(Constructor<T> ctor, Object... args) throws BeanInstantiationException {
		Assert.notNull(ctor, "Constructor must not be null");
		try {
			ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(ctor);
			//通过反射机制初始化bean
			return ctor.newInstance(args);
		}
		catch (InstantiationException ex) {
			throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Is it an abstract class?", ex);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
			throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Is the constructor accessible?", ex);
		}
		catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
			throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Illegal arguments for constructor", ex);
		}
		catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
			throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Constructor threw exception", ex.getTargetException());
		}
	}

总结：简单来说Spring对bean的初始化操作就是根据反射机制通过构造函数进行初始化的。

接下来我们再用一篇介绍一下bean的属性注入相关的操作。