众所周知
BroadcaseReceiver
为Android中的四大组件之一,又名为广播、喇叭,这篇我为大家带来的就是BroadcaseReceiver
的详细使用方式,说到使用其中又有些许不同,下面为大家进行讲解 ~
回首总结我对广播的理解,包含了广播分类、静态注册、动态注册、有序广播、无序广播、 自定义广播、广播拦截等功能的基础知识,如有不足,欢迎指出,谢谢~
基础概念
广播分类
关于广播分类,我个人认为可以分为三个场景
场景一:广播顺序、优先级 - 类型
- 有序广播(可拦截)
- 标准(无序)广播(不可拦截)
场景二:广播接收者 - 类型
- 本地广播(生命周期随app,一般用于app自身)
- 常规广播(也称常驻型广播,生命周期较长;自身具有跨进程通信的功能,有可能造成数据泄露)
场景三:广播发送者 - 类型
- 系统广播
- 自定义广播
注册方式与生命周期
静态注册(清单注册)
也就是说在AndroidManifest
文件中对BroadcastReceiver进行注册
,通常还会加上action
用来过滤广播;
此注册方式即使退出应用后,仍然能够收到相应的广播
<!-- 静态注册 -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.StaticBroadcaseReceiver">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="StaticBroadcaseReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
动态注册(代码注册)
调用Context
中的registerReceiver
对广播进行动态注册
,使用unRegisterReceiver
方法对广播进行取消注册(务必注销,否则会造成内存泄露)
的操作;
故此注册方式一般都是随着所在的Activity或者应用销毁以后,不会再收到该广播
//和清单文件格式对应,这里是添加广播的过滤
dynamic_filter = new IntentFilter();
//添加动作= 设置广播
dynamic_filter.addAction("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
//注册广播-确定监听者与广播
dynamicBroadcaseReceiver = new DynamicBroadcaseReceiver();
registerReceiver(dynamicBroadcaseReceiver, dynamic_filter);
//Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "动态注册广播", 0).show();
发送广播
注意:动态注册的广播不可以指定广播的接收者,否则会发送失败!!!
Intent DynamicIntent = new Intent("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
sendBroadcast(DynamicIntent);
静态注册的广播,在8.0后需要做兼容处理(发送广播时需要通过“setComponent”指定广播接收者的具体路径)
// 发送广播
Intent intent = new Intent("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(getPackageName(),"com.example.broadcasereceiver.DynamicBroadcaseReceiver"));
sendBroadcast(intent)
使用方式与注意点
-
使用广播需要有一个
广播接收者
(处理者),所以首先要创建一个类继承BroadcaseReceiver
,然后重写onReceiver
方法(接收到广播的操作在这里执行
) -
发送广播一般都依赖于
context
,常见在所依赖的Activity
等寄生体之中发送广播(分有序和无序
,下文都有介绍) -
作为Android下的四大组件之一,必不可少的自然有
动态注册和静态组测(清单注册)
,为了兼容Android版本最好使用动态注册
-
文中
我并没有监听系统的一些广播,如开机,网络状态之类,而是为了方便自己定义的广播
,有兴趣的可以举一反三进行广播处理 -
广播注册是必须的,那么注销也是必须的!否在会有OOM的隐藏风险!
具体使用
创建广播接收者
广播接收者 - 以下Recevice方法均是一个简单的Toask
CostomBroadcaseReceiver
(自定义广播)
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class CostomBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "自定义广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
StaticBroadcaseReceiver
(静态注册广播的接收者)
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class StaticBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "静态广播广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
DynamicBroadcaseReceiver
(动态注册广播的接收者)
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class DynamicBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "动态注册广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
LocalBroadcaseReceiver
(本地广播的接收者)
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class LocalBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "本地自定义广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
QuickBroadcaseReceiver
(优先级的广播接收者,做了拦截处理,静态广播被拦截,只能接收到优先级的广播
)
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class QuickBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "优先级的测试广播触发", 0).show();
abortBroadcast();
}
}
静态注册广播
清单文件 - AndroidManifest
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.broadcasereceiver"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!-- 自定义广播 -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.CostomBroadcaseReceiver" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="CostomBroadcaseReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<!-- 静态注册 -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.StaticBroadcaseReceiver">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="StaticBroadcaseReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<!-- 优先级测试 -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.QuickBroadcaseReceiver"
>
<intent-filter android:priority="100" >
<action android:name="QuickBroadcaseReceiver"/>
<action android:name="StaticBroadcaseReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
使用方式
MainActivity(主要部分)
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private TextView mCostomBroad;
private TextView mLocalBroad;
private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcast;
private TextView mDynamicBroad;
private TextView mStaticBroad;
private TextView mQuickBroad;
private IntentFilter dynamic_filter;
private DynamicBroadcaseReceiver dynamicBroadcaseReceiver;
private LocalBroadcaseReceiver localBroadcaseReceiver;
private TextView mQucly;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 事件
init();
// 处理
initEvent();
/**这里要注意注册是注册,发送广播是发送广播,是前后关系,而不可混为一谈*/
// 获取本地管理者
localBroadcast = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
//动态注册-都是一个套路
IntentFilter localFilter = new IntentFilter();
localFilter.addAction("LocalBroadcaseReceiver");
localBroadcaseReceiver = new LocalBroadcaseReceiver();
localBroadcast.registerReceiver(localBroadcaseReceiver, localFilter);
}
/**
* 放置find-Id
* */
private void init() {
mLocalBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_local);
mCostomBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_costom);
mDynamicBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_dynamic);
mStaticBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_static);
mQuickBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_quick);
}
/**
* 设置Click事件
* */
private void initEvent() {
mCostomBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mLocalBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mDynamicBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mStaticBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mQuickBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
}
/**
* Event处理
* */
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
// 自定义广播-发送广播
case R.id.Broadcase_costom:
Intent intent = new Intent("CostomBroadcaseReceiver");
sendBroadcast(intent);
break;
// 动态注册广播+发送广播
case R.id.Broadcase_dynamic:
//和清单文件格式对应,这里是添加广播的过滤
dynamic_filter = new IntentFilter();
//添加动作= 设置广播
dynamic_filter.addAction("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
//注册广播-确定监听者与广播
dynamicBroadcaseReceiver = new DynamicBroadcaseReceiver();
registerReceiver(dynamicBroadcaseReceiver, dynamic_filter);
//Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "动态注册广播", 0).show();
//发送广播
Intent DynamicIntent = new Intent("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
sendBroadcast(DynamicIntent);
break;
// 静态广播-有序广播-发送广播
case R.id.Broadcase_static:
Intent Staticintent = new Intent("StaticBroadcaseReceiver");
//一般情况的使用这种方式就是标准方式,也就是无序广播
//sendBroadcast(Staticintent);
//这样就是有序的广播了 (注意:方法不同),我们可以对其做处理,如拦截之类,
sendOrderedBroadcast(Staticintent, null);
break;
// 本地广播-发送广播
case R.id.Broadcase_local:
Intent localIntent = new Intent("LocalBroadcaseReceiver");
localBroadcast.sendBroadcast(localIntent);
break;
//优先级的测试-这里我们选择静态注册,也就是直接在清单注册-设置priority
//经过测试很明显拦截广播是建立在有序广播的基础上面,同时拦截广播后只显示静态注册的Toask,而不是优先级的Toask
case R.id.Broadcase_quick:
Intent quickintent = new Intent("StaticBroadcaseReceiver");
quickintent.setAction("QuickBroadcaseReceiver");
sendOrderedBroadcast(quickintent, null);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//注销广播-因为不是本地广播的话,会有数据隐患的,好比你已经关了APP但是还是一直发广播或者接收广播,系统会自己操作,所以极为不安全,
//so if dynamicbRoadcaseReceiver ,we need shell all;(- -!)
unregisterReceiver(dynamicBroadcaseReceiver);
unregisterReceiver(localBroadcaseReceiver);
}
}
activity_main
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_costom"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/CostomBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_dynamic"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/DynamicBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_static"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/StaticBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_local"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/LocalBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_quick"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="优先级测试" />
</LinearLayout>