对listView的理解

最简单的listView

用的是ArrayAdapter ，把上下文对象 this item布局，数据源放入adapter中，然后listView布局setAdapter（adapter）就可以展现一个列表了

import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private String[] data = {"Apple","Banana","Pineapple","Tomato","Pear","Patato",
			"Strawberry","Orange","Mango","Cherry","liqi","Yoghourt"};
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		//适配器adapter，数据源data
		ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,
				android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
		
		ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view2);
		//列表listView
		listView.setAdapter(adapter);
		
	
	}

接下来是增加一个难度的listView 不过也是用的ArrayAdapter

MainActivity

package com.example.listviewtest;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.example.listviewtest.Fruit;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	/*
	 * private String [] data
	 * ={"apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","pear","Grape","Pineapple",
	 * "Strawbery","Cherry","Mango"};
	 */
	private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		initFruit();//初始化水果数据
		FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item,
				fruitList);
		//在list中填充adapter
		ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
		listView.setAdapter(adapter);	
		
		//点击事件
		
		listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener(){

			@Override
			public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				//获取当前项fruit实例
				Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
				Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
				
			}
			
		});
	}
	
	public void initFruit(){
		//给bean文件赋值，然后添加都数据源中（FruitAdapter就可以直接从bean中取值了）
		Fruit apple = new Fruit ("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
		fruitList.add(apple);
		
		Fruit orange = new Fruit ("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
		fruitList.add(orange);
		
		Fruit banana = new Fruit ("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
		fruitList.add(banana);
		
		Fruit watermelon = new Fruit ("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
		fruitList.add(watermelon);
		
		Fruit pear = new Fruit ("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
		fruitList.add(pear);
		
		Fruit grape = new Fruit ("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
		fruitList.add(grape);
		
		Fruit pineapple = new Fruit ("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
		fruitList.add(pineapple);
		
		Fruit strawberry = new Fruit ("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
		fruitList.add(strawberry);
		
		Fruit cherry = new Fruit ("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
		fruitList.add(cherry);
		
		Fruit mango = new Fruit ("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
		fruitList.add(mango);	
		
		Fruit strawberr = new Fruit ("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
		fruitList.add(strawberry);
		
		Fruit cherr = new Fruit ("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
		fruitList.add(cherry);
		
		Fruit mang = new Fruit ("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
		fruitList.add(mango);	
		
	}
	
}

Adapter

package com.example.listviewtest;

import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
	private int resourceId;
//上下文 item布局 数据源
	public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
		super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);

		resourceId = textViewResourceId;
	}

	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		
		Fruit fruit = getItem(position);//获取当前项的fruit实例
		View view;
		ViewHolder viewHolder;
		if(convertView==null){
			//填充列表每行的资源
			convertView = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null);
			//viewHolder的作用就是少产生对象 即少findViewById ,就是这个作用
			viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
			viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
			viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
			convertView.setTag(viewHolder);//将ViewHolder存储在view中
			
		}else{

			//convertView就是减少创建view对象的产生,
			//此时convertView已经获取最顶层的item滑出的View对象
			// 然后convertView获取listView曾经最下面一行布局的item的标签（即新的视图要放在这个标签里）
			viewHolder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();//重新获取viewHolder
		}
		
		viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
		viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());

		return convertView;
	}
	
	class ViewHolder{
		
		ImageView fruitImage;
		
		TextView fruitName;
	}

}

bean 文件

package com.example.listviewtest;

public class Fruit {
	
	private String name;
	private int imageId;
	
	public Fruit (String name,int imageId){
		
		this.name= name;
		this.imageId=imageId;
		
	}
	
	public String getName(){
		return name;
	}
	
	public int getImageId(){
		
		return imageId;
	}
	
}

xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.listviewtest.MainActivity" >
    
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
    </ListView>

   

</LinearLayout>

注意：这些代码如果设置为0 或者null，会影响显示数据

 @Override
        public int getCount() {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            return listTip.size();  //要显示出来，不能写0
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int arg0) {

            return listTip!=null?listTip.get(arg0):null;
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int arg0) {

            return arg0;
        }

实战开发级别

MainActivity

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ListView;

import com.jikexueyuan.news.adapter.NewsAdapter;
import com.jikexueyuan.news.model.News;
import com.jikexueyuan.news.utils.HttpUtils;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnItemClickListener{
	
	private ListView lvNews;
	private NewsAdapter adapter;
	private List<News> newsList;
	
	//此处需要修改为自己的服务器地址
	public static final String GET_NEWS_URL = "http://172.31.28.208/NewsDemo/getNewsJSON.php";
	
	private Handler getNewsHandler = new Handler(){
		public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
			String jsonData = (String) msg.obj;
			System.out.println(jsonData);
			try {
				JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData);
				for (int i=0;i<jsonArray.length();i++){
					JSONObject object = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
					String title = object.getString("title");
					String desc = object.getString("desc");
					String time = object.getString("time");
					String content_url = object.getString("content_url");
					String pic_url = object.getString("pic_url");
					newsList.add(new News(title, desc, time, content_url, pic_url));
				}
				adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		};
	};

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		lvNews = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvNews);
		newsList = new ArrayList<News>();
		adapter = new NewsAdapter(this, newsList);
		
		lvNews.setAdapter(adapter);
		lvNews.setOnItemClickListener(this);
		
		//传入一个handler对象过去 getNewsHandler
		HttpUtils.getNewsJSON(GET_NEWS_URL, getNewsHandler);
	}

	@Override
	public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int position, long arg3) {
		News news = newsList.get(position);
		Intent intent = new Intent(this, BrowseNewsActivity.class);
		intent.putExtra("content_url", news.getContent_url());
		startActivity(intent);
	}

}

点击后跳转的Activity

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.webkit.WebSettings;
import android.webkit.WebView;

public class BrowseNewsActivity extends Activity {
	
	private WebView webView;
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.acitivy_browse_news);
		
		webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webView);
		String pic_url = getIntent().getStringExtra("content_url");
		webView.loadUrl(pic_url);
		webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
		webView.getSettings().setCacheMode(WebSettings.LOAD_CACHE_ELSE_NETWORK);
	}
}

工具类

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class HttpUtils {
	
	public static void getNewsJSON(final String url, final Handler handler){
		
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				HttpURLConnection conn;
				InputStream is;
				try {
					conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
					conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
					is = conn.getInputStream();
					BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
					String line = "";
					StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
					while ( (line = reader.readLine()) != null ){
						result.append(line);
					}
					Message msg = Message.obtain();
					msg.obj = result.toString();
					handler.sendMessage(msg);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				} 
			}
		}).start();
	}
	
	public static void setPicBitmap(final ImageView ivPic, final String pic_url){
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				//pic_url是传过来的图片资源地址
				try {
					HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(pic_url).openConnection();
					conn.connect();
					InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
					Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
					ivPic.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
					is.close();
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				} 
			}
		}).start();
	}
	
}

Adapter

import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.jikexueyuan.news.R;
import com.jikexueyuan.news.model.News;
import com.jikexueyuan.news.utils.HttpUtils;

public class NewsAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
	
	private Context context;
	private List<News> newsList;
	
	public NewsAdapter(Context context, List<News> newsList){
		this.context = context;
		this.newsList = newsList;
	}

	@Override
	public int getCount() {
		return newsList.size();
	}

	@Override
	public News getItem(int position) {
		return newsList.get(position);
	}

	@Override
	public long getItemId(int position) {
		return position;
	}

	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		ViewHolder viewHolder;
		if (convertView == null){
			convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.news_item, null);
			viewHolder = new ViewHolder();

			viewHolder.tvTitle = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvTitle);
			viewHolder.tvDesc = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvDesc);
			viewHolder.tvTime = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvTime);
			viewHolder.ivPic = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.ivPic);

			convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
		}

		else{
			//向下转型
			viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
		}
		News news = newsList.get(position);
		viewHolder.tvTitle.setText(news.getTitle());
		viewHolder.tvDesc.setText(news.getDesc());
		viewHolder.tvTime.setText(news.getTime());
		//把string类型的图片转换为bitmap图片
		String pic_url = news.getPic_url();
		HttpUtils.setPicBitmap(viewHolder.ivPic, pic_url);
		
		return convertView;
	}


	class ViewHolder{

		ImageView ivPic;
		TextView tvTitle;
		TextView tvDesc;
		TextView tvTime;
	}
	
	

}

bean

public class News {
	
	private String title;
	private String desc;
	private String time;
	private String content_url;
	private String pic_url;
	
	public News(String title, String desc, String time, String content_url, String pic_url){
		setTitle(title);
		setDesc(desc);
		setTime(time);
		setContent_url(content_url);
		setPic_url(pic_url);
	}
	
	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}
	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}
	public String getDesc() {
		return desc;
	}
	public void setDesc(String desc) {
		this.desc = desc;
	}
	public String getTime() {
		return time;
	}
	public void setTime(String time) {
		this.time = time;
	}
	public String getContent_url() {
		return content_url;
	}
	public void setContent_url(String content_url) {
		this.content_url = content_url;
	}
	public String getPic_url() {
		return pic_url;
	}
	public void setPic_url(String pic_url) {
		this.pic_url = pic_url;
	}
	
}

从代码中抽取一段代码（listView的优化或者说getView方法中应该怎样去写）：

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

ViewHolder holder;
if (convertView == null) {
         convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.call, null);
         holder = new ViewHolder();
         holder.nametv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.name);
         holder.numbertv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.number);
         convertView.setTag(holder);
      }else{
         holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        
      }
 holder.nametv.setText(lists.get(position).getName());
  holder.numbertv.setText(lists.get(position).getNumber());

return convertView;
   }
private static class ViewHolder{
      TextView nametv;
      TextView numbertv;
   }

为什么要这样优化：

<span style="font-size:18px;">//  但当listview有大量的数据需要加载的时候，会占据大量内存，影响性能，这时候就需要按需填充并重新使用view来减少对象的创建。convertView就是减少创建view对象,convertView 对于所有的可见项是空值（如下）</span>

ViewHolder holder;  
if (convertView == null) {  
         convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.call, null);  
         holder = new ViewHolder();  
         holder.nametv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.name);  
         holder.numbertv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.number);  
         convertView.setTag(holder);  
      }else{  
         holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();  
          
      }  
 holder.nametv.setText(lists.get(position).getName());  
  holder.numbertv.setText(lists.get(position).getNumber());  
  
return convertView;  
   }  
private static class ViewHolder{  
      TextView nametv;  
      TextView numbertv;  
   } 

关于tag:


首先我们要知道setTag方法是干什么的，SDK解释为Tags Unlike IDs, tags are not used to identify views. Tags are essentially an extra piece of information that can be associated with a view. They are most often used as a convenience to store data related to views in the views themselves rather than by putting them in a separate structure.
这段官方的解释告诉我们 ： tag标签就是用来关联view视图的，设置标签到某对象中，则view就在这个对象中，设置标签在String类型的数据，则view就在String类型的数据中。
           
//convertVIew把holder对象放入tag中，然后通过getTag()获取，因为这个holder对象中有像
 TextView nametv;  TextView numbertv; 属性，所以不需要在findViewById()减少了性能的损坏。

listView基础学习demo1  https://yunpan.cn/cPCgEbs4fuNQX  访问密码 8790

listViwe基础学习 demo2 https://yunpan.cn/cPCsftxVuibUK  访问密码 cf29

参考链接 http://www.cnblogs.com/devinzhang/archive/2012/01/20/2328334.html