Spring 之 xml 文件的校验方式及问题



工作中遇到的一个问题,记录下来,以便日后查阅和总结。

公司中的项目使用了阿里的开源框架dubbo,在spring的配置文件中有如下配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
            http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo  
            http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> 


Eclipse在验证xml时,会有如下提示,Failed to read schema document 'http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd

虽然启动没有问题,但xml验证出错,这个问题如何解决呢?

可以通过eclipse 手动添加schema文件来解决这个问题,如图:

\


配置成功后,右击applicationContext-dubbo.xml选择validate,进行xml重新验证即可。


接下来看下XML的一些概念

xml的schema里有namespace,可以给它起个别名。比如常见的spring的namespace:

[html] view plaincopy
  1. xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
  2. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  

通常情况下,namespace对应的URI是一个存放XSD的地址,尽管规范没有这么要求。如果没有提供schemaLocation,那么Spring的XML解析器会从namespace的URI里加载XSD文件。我们可以把配置文件改成这个样子,也是可以正常工作的:

[html] view plaincopy
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  
  3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">  

schemaLocation提供了一个xml namespace到对应的XSD文件的一个映射,所以我们可以看到,在xsi:schemaLocation后面配置的字符串都是成对的,前面的是namespace的URI,后面是xsd文件的URI。比如:

[html] view plaincopy
  1. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
  2. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
  3. http://www.springframework.org/schema/security  
  4. http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd"  

Spring是如何校验XML的

Spring默认在启动时是要加载XSD文件来验证xml文件的,所以如果有的时候断网了,或者一些开源软件切换域名,那么就很容易碰到应用启动不了。我记得当时Oracle收购Sun公司时,遇到过这个情况。

为了防止这种情况,Spring提供了一种机制,默认从本地加载XSD文件。打开spring-context-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar,可以看到里面有两个特别的文件:

spring.handlers

[plain] view plaincopy
  1. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context=org.springframework.context.config.ContextNamespaceHandler  
  2. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee=org.springframework.ejb.config.JeeNamespaceHandler  
  3. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang=org.springframework.scripting.config.LangNamespaceHandler  
  4. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task=org.springframework.scheduling.config.TaskNamespaceHandler  
  5. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache=org.springframework.cache.config.CacheNamespaceHandler  

spring.schemas

[plain] view plaincopy
  1. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
  2. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd  
  3. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd  
  4. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
  5. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
  6. ...  

再打开jar包里的org/springframework/context/config/ 目录,可以看到下面有

spring-context-2.5.xsd
spring-context-3.0.xsd
spring-context-3.1.xsd
spring-context-3.2.xsd

很明显,可以想到Spring是把XSD文件放到本地了,再在spring.schemas里做了一个映射,优先从本地里加载XSD文件。

并且Spring很贴心,把旧版本的XSD文件也全放了。这样可以防止升级了Spring版本,而配置文件里用的还是旧版本的XSD文件,然后断网了,应用启动不了。

我们还可以看到,在没有配置版本号时,用的就是当前版本的XSD文件:

[html] view plaincopy
  1. http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd  

同样,我们打开dubbo的jar包,可以在它的spring.schemas文件里看到有这样的配置:

[html] view plaincopy
  1. http\://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd=META-INF/dubbo.xsd  

所以,Spring在加载dubbo时,会从dubbo的jar里加载dubbo.xsd。


xsd校验问题:


org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 12; columnNumber: 64; schema_reference.4: Failed to read schema document 'http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd', because 1) could not find the document; 2) the document could not be read; 3) the root element of the document is not <xsd:schema>.
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:198)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.warning(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:99)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:433)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:347)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers.XSDHandler.reportSchemaErr(XSDHandler.java:4166)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers.XSDHandler.reportSchemaWarning(XSDHandler.java:4157)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers.XSDHandler.getSchemaDocument1(XSDHandler.java:2490)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers.XSDHandler.getSchemaDocument(XSDHandler.java:2187)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers.XSDHandler.parseSchema(XSDHandler.java:573)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaLoader.loadSchema(XMLSchemaLoader.java:616)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.findSchemaGrammar(XMLSchemaValidator.java:2453)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:1772)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.startElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:746)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:379)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:605)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:3138)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:880)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:606)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:117)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:510)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:848)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:777)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:243)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:347)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:75)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:389)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:335)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:303)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
 at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
 at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:130)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:539)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:451)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:651)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:602)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:665)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:521)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:462)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)
 at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1087)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5266)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5554)
 at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1565)
 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out: connect
 at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.connect0(Native Method)
 at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(DualStackPlainSocketImpl.java:79)
 at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
 at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
 at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
 at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:172)
 at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
 at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
 at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:528)
 at sun.net.NetworkClient.doConnect(NetworkClient.java:180)
 at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:432)
 at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:527)
 at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.<init>(HttpClient.java:211)
 at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:308)
 at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:326)
 at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getNewHttpClient(HttpURLConnection.java:996)
 at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.plainConnect(HttpURLConnection.java:932)
 at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.connect(HttpURLConnection.java:850)
 at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1300)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityManager.setupCurrentEntity(XMLEntityManager.java:637)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLVersionDetector.determineDocVersion(XMLVersionDetector.java:189)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.opti.SchemaParsingConfig.parse(SchemaParsingConfig.java:582)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.opti.SchemaParsingConfig.parse(SchemaParsingConfig.java:685)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.opti.SchemaDOMParser.parse(SchemaDOMParser.java:530)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers.XSDHandler.getSchemaDocument(XSDHandler.java:2175)
 ... 48 more

九月 29, 2016 3:55:13 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet initServletBean
SEVERE: Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 12 in XML document from class path resource [spring-mvc.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 12; columnNumber: 64; cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'.
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:397)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:335)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:303)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
 at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
 at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:130)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:539)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:451)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:651)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:602)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:665)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:521)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:462)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)
 at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1087)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5266)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5554)
 at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1565)
 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 12; columnNumber: 64; cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'.
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:198)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:134)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:437)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:368)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:325)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:1906)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.startElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:746)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:379)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:605)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:3138)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:880)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:606)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:117)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:510)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:848)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:777)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:243)
 at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:347)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:75)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:389)
 ... 29 more


问题原因:

jar 包中没有包含spring-mvc.xml中配置的xsd文件。及其原因,还是jar包太老,xml 文件的文件头太新。

解决办法:

使用更新版本的jar包


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