web.xml文件的作用----接上面的那个，这个是用的不多的配置

起码这些东西，在我的工作项目里面没有见到，那就先留着，当笔记咯。

13、资源管理对象配置    
   <resource-env-ref>    
       <resource-env-ref-name>jms/StockQueue</resource-env-ref-name>    
   </resource-env-ref>    
14、资源工厂配置    
   <resource-ref>    
       <res-ref-name>mail/Session</res-ref-name>    
       <res-type>javax.mail.Session</res-type>    
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>    
   </resource-ref>    
   配置数据库连接池就可在此配置：    
   <resource-ref>    
       <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of shop</description>    
       <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>    
       <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>    
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>    
   </resource-ref>    
15、安全限制配置    
   <security-constraint>    
      <display-name>Example Security Constraint</display-name>    
      <web-resource-collection>    
         <web-resource-name>Protected Area</web-resource-name>    
         <url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>    
         <http-method>DELETE</http-method>    
         <http-method>GET</http-method>    
         <http-method>POST</http-method>    
         <http-method>PUT</http-method>    
      </web-resource-collection>    
      <auth-constraint>    
        <role-name>tomcat</role-name>    
        <role-name>role1</role-name>    
      </auth-constraint>    
   </security-constraint>    
16、登陆验证配置    
   <login-config>    
     <auth-method>FORM</auth-method>    
     <realm-name>Example-Based Authentiation Area</realm-name>    
     <form-login-config>    
        <form-login-page>/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp</form-login-page>    
        <form-error-page>/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp</form-error-page>    
     </form-login-config>    
   </login-config>    
17、安全角色：security-role元素给出安全角色的一个列表，这些角色将出现在servlet元素内的security-role-ref元素的role-name子元素中。    
    分别地声明角色可使高级IDE处理安全信息更为容易。    
<security-role>    
     <role-name>tomcat</role-name>    
</security-role>    
18、Web环境参数：env-entry元素声明Web应用的环境项    
<env-entry>    
     <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>    
     <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>    
     <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>    
</env-entry>    
19、EJB 声明    
<ejb-ref>    
     <description>Example EJB reference</decription>    
     <ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name>    
     <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>    
     <home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home>    
     <remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote>    
</ejb-ref>    
20、本地EJB声明    
<ejb-local-ref>    
     <description>Example Loacal EJB reference</decription>    
     <ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name>    
     <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type>    
     <local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home>    
     <local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local>    
</ejb-local-ref>    
21、配置DWR    
<servlet>    
      <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>    
      <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>    
</servlet>    
<servlet-mapping>    
      <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>    
      <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>    
</servlet-mapping>    
22、配置Struts    
    <display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>    
    <servlet>    
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>    
        <servlet-class>    
            org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet    
        </servlet-class>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>detail</param-name>    
            <param-value>2</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>debug</param-name>    
            <param-value>2</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>config</param-name>    
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>application</param-name>    
            <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>    
    </servlet>    
    <servlet-mapping>    
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>    
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>    
    </servlet-mapping>    
    <welcome-file-list>    
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>    
    </welcome-file-list>    

    <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors -->    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-bean</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-html</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
    <taglib-uri>struts-nested</taglib-uri>    
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-logic</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-tiles</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
23、配置Spring（基本上都是在Struts中配置的）    

   <!-- 指定spring配置文件位置 -->    
   <context-param>    
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    
      <param-value>    
       <!--加载多个spring配置文件 -->    
        /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, /WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml    
      </param-value>    
   </context-param>    

   <!-- 定义SPRING监听器，加载spring -->    

<listener>    
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>    
</listener>    

<listener>    
     <listener-class>    
       org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener    
     </listener-class>    
</listener> 

 

其他说明：

web.xml 文件中一般包括 servlet, spring, filter, listenr的配置。那么他们是按照一个什么顺序加载呢？

加载顺序会影响对spring bean 的调用。

    比如filter 需要用到 bean ，但是加载顺序是 先加载filter 后加载spring，则filter中初始化操作中的bean为null；

首先可以肯定 加载顺序与他们在web.xml 文件中的先后顺序无关。

web.xml 中 listener 和 serverlet 的加载顺序为 先 listener 后serverlet

最终得出结果：先 listener >> filter >> servlet >>  spring

 所以，如果过滤器中要使用到 bean，可以将spring 的加载 改成 Listener的方式

<listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>

 搞定！

 关于他们的内部执行顺序，也需要注意，如下面文章中遇到的问题

web.xml的filter执行顺序导致的乱码，切记！
2008-05-02 01:38

发现引起bug的原因是web.xml的下面几行：
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>SecurityFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

根据servlet2.3规范filter执行是按照web.xml配置的filter-mapping先后顺序进行执行，所以上面的配置会导致遇见*.do的url请求，先进行SecurityFilter的过滤器处理，这时候没有做编码处理，已经是乱码，到下面的filter处理时已经时乱码，再做编码处理已经没有用处。

修正方式，调整filter-mapping顺序，如下：

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>SecurityFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>