18. 4Sum (python)

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c, and d in S such that a + b + c + d = target?
Find all unique quadruplets in the array which gives the sum of target.
Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate quadruplets.
For example, given array S = [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2], and target = 0.
A solution set is:
[
[-1, 0, 0, 1],
[-2, -1, 1, 2],
[-2, 0, 0, 2]
]
题意：在数组S中找到四个元素相加和为0，当然要去重
思路：采用快速排序法只排一次，每次取一个数x，问题转化为target-x的3sum问题
时间复杂度为O（n^3）
第一个：每次取一个数，只将该元素后续的列表中查找target-x的3sum和；
第二个：每次取一个数，需要判断是否和前一个数重复(循环起始数除外)，只有不重复才进行3sum计算，重复则continue
3sum计算同理，就能避免重复
第三个：在进行2sum计算，若2sum的和等于target后，需要将左右指针移位，过滤后续重复元素，直到元素不重复再计算2sum之和
Runtime: 892 ms

class Solution(object):
    def fourSum(self, nums, target):
        if len(nums)<=3:
            return  []
        nums=sorted(nums)
        four=[]
        for i in range(0,len(nums)-3):
            if nums[i]==nums[i-1] and i!=0:
                continue
            for j in range(i+1,len(nums)-2):
                if nums[j]==nums[j-1] and j!=i+1:
                    continue
                t=target-nums[i]-nums[j]
                l,r=j+1,len(nums)-1
                while l<r:
                    s=nums[r]+nums[l]
                    if s==t:
                        four.append([nums[i],nums[j],nums[l],nums[r]])
                        l+=1
                        r-=1
                        while l<r and nums[l]==nums[l-1]:
                            l+=1
                        while l<r and nums[r]==nums[r+1]:
                            r-=1
                    elif s<t:
                        l+=1
                    else:
                        r-=1
        return four