c语言:单链表的实现(一) 创建,插入,删除,查找

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define NULL 0
#define LEN sizeof(struct Student)
using namespace std;
typedef struct Student
{
	int length;
	int num;
	struct Student *next;
}Student; 
typedef Student *Linklist;    //头指针
void Error(char *s)           //错误指示
{
	std::cout << s << endl;
	exit(1);
}
Student *creat(void)          //创建链表
{
	Student *head;
	Student *p, *q;
    int	n = 0;
	 q = (Student*)malloc(LEN);
	 p = q;
	 cout << "请输入元素:" << endl;
	 cin >> p->num;
	head = NULL;
	while (p->num != 0)
	{
		n = n + 1;
		if (n == 1)
		{
			head = p;
			head->length = 1;
		}
		else
		{
			q->next = p;
			q = p;
			p = (Student*)malloc(LEN);
			cin >> p->num;
			head->length++;
		}
	}
	q->next = NULL;
	return head;
	cout << "链表创建成功!" << endl;
}

void Insertlist(Linkl
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### 回答1: 单链表是一种常用的数据结构,它由一个节点序列组成,每个节点包含两部分:数据域和指针域。数据域存储节点的数据,指针域指向下一个节点。 下面是用C语言实现单链表创建插入删除查找和显示的代码: 1. 创建单链表 ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct node { int data; struct node *next; }; struct node *create_list(int n) { int i; struct node *head, *p, *q; head = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); head->next = NULL; q = head; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { p = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); printf("请输入第%d个节点的值: ", i+1); scanf("%d", &p->data); q->next = p; q = p; } q->next = NULL; return head; } ``` 2. 插入节点 ```c struct node *insert_node(struct node *head, int pos, int data) { int i; struct node *p, *q; p = head; for (i = 0; i < pos-1 && p != NULL; i++) { p = p->next; } if (p == NULL) { printf("插入位置无效.\n"); return head; } q = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); q->data = data; q->next = p->next; p->next = q; return head; } ``` 3. 删除节点 ```c struct node *delete_node(struct node *head, int pos) { int i; struct node *p, *q; p = head; for (i = 0; i < pos-1 && p != NULL; i++) { p = p->next; } if (p == NULL || p->next == NULL) { printf("删除位置无效.\n"); return head; } q = p->next; p->next = q->next; free(q); return head; } ``` 4. 查找节点 ```c int search_node(struct node *head, int data) { int pos = 0; struct node *p = head->next; while (p != NULL) { pos++; if (p->data == data) { return pos; } p = p->next; } return -1; // 没找到 } ``` 5. 显示链表 ```c void display_list(struct node *head) { struct node *p = head->next; while (p != NULL) { printf("%d ", p->data); p = p->next; } printf("\n"); } ``` 完整代码如下: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct node { int data; struct node *next; }; struct node *create_list(int n) { int i; struct node *head, *p, *q; head = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); head->next = NULL; q = head; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { p = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); printf("请输入第%d个节点的值: ", i+1); scanf("%d", &p->data); q->next = p; q = p; } q->next = NULL; return head; } struct node *insert_node(struct node *head, int pos, int data) { int i; struct node *p, *q; p = head; for (i = 0; i < pos-1 && p != NULL; i++) { p = p->next; } if (p == NULL) { printf("插入位置无效.\n"); return head; } q = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); q->data = data; q->next = p->next; p->next = q; return head; } struct node *delete_node(struct node *head, int pos) { int i; struct node *p, *q; p = head; for (i = 0; i < pos-1 && p != NULL; i++) { p = p->next; } if (p == NULL || p->next == NULL) { printf("删除位置无效.\n"); return head; } q = p->next; p->next = q->next; free(q); return head; } int search_node(struct node *head, int data) { int pos = 0; struct node *p = head->next; while (p != NULL) { pos++; if (p->data == data) { return pos; } p = p->next; } return -1; // 没找到 } void display_list(struct node *head) { struct node *p = head->next; while (p != NULL) { printf("%d ", p->data); p = p->next; } printf("\n"); } int main() { struct node *head, *p; int n, pos, data; int choice = 1; printf("请输入链表的长度: "); scanf("%d", &n); head = create_list(n); while (choice) { printf("请选择要执行的操作:\n"); printf("1. 插入节点\n"); printf("2. 删除节点\n"); printf("3. 查找节点\n"); printf("4. 显示链表\n"); printf("0. 退出程序\n"); scanf("%d", &choice); switch (choice) { case 1: printf("请输入要插入的位置和数据: "); scanf("%d %d", &pos, &data); head = insert_node(head, pos, data); break; case 2: printf("请输入要删除的位置: "); scanf("%d", &pos); head = delete_node(head, pos); break; case 3: printf("请输入要查找数据: "); scanf("%d", &data); pos = search_node(head, data); if (pos != -1) { printf("数据%d在链表中的位置是%d\n", data, pos); } else { printf("数据%d不在链表中\n", data); } break; case 4: display_list(head); break; case 0: printf("程序已退出.\n"); break; default: printf("无效的选择.\n"); break; } } p = head; while (p != NULL) { head = p->next; free(p); p = head; } return 0; } ``` ### 回答2: 单链表是一种常见的数据结构,用于存储和操作一组数据。下面将用C语言实现单链表创建插入删除查找和显示。 创建单链表: 首先,定义一个结构体表示链表的节点,包含数据和指向下一个节点的指针。 ```c typedef struct Node { int data; struct Node* next; } Node; ``` 然后,定义一个头节点作为链表的起始节点。 ```c Node* head = NULL; ``` 插入节点: 插入节点可以在链表的任意位置进行。以下是在链表的末尾插入节点的例子。 ```c void insertNode(int data) { Node* newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = data; newNode->next = NULL; if (head == NULL) { head = newNode; } else { Node* current = head; while (current->next != NULL) { current = current->next; } current->next = newNode; } } ``` 删除节点: 删除节点可以根据节点的值或位置进行。以下是根据节点值删除节点的例子。 ```c void deleteNode(int data) { if (head == NULL) { return; } Node* current = head; Node* prev = NULL; if (current->data == data) { head = current->next; free(current); return; } while (current != NULL && current->data != data) { prev = current; current = current->next; } if (current == NULL) { return; } prev->next = current->next; free(current); } ``` 查找节点: 查找节点可以通过节点的值或位置进行。以下是根据节点值查找节点的例子。 ```c Node* findNode(int data) { Node* current = head; while (current != NULL && current->data != data) { current = current->next; } return current; } ``` 显示单链表: 显示单链表可以遍历链表中的节点,并将节点的值输出。以下是显示单链表的例子。 ```c void displayList() { Node* current = head; while (current != NULL) { printf("%d ", current->data); current = current->next; } printf("\n"); } ``` 通过以上程序,我们可以实现单链表创建插入删除查找和显示。 ### 回答3: 单链表是一种常见的数据结构,可以用来存储和操作一系列的元素。下面是使用C语言实现单链表创建插入删除查找和显示的代码: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> // 定义链表节点的结构体 struct ListNode { int value; struct ListNode* next; }; // 创建链表 struct ListNode* createList(int num) { struct ListNode* head = NULL; struct ListNode* tail = NULL; for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) { struct ListNode* node = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode)); node->value = i; node->next = NULL; if (head == NULL) { head = tail = node; } else { tail->next = node; tail = node; } } return head; } // 在链表的指定位置插入节点 void insertNode(struct ListNode** head, int pos, int value) { struct ListNode* newNode = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode)); newNode->value = value; newNode->next = NULL; if (pos <= 0) { newNode->next = *head; *head = newNode; } else { struct ListNode* curr = *head; int i = 1; while (curr != NULL && i < pos) { curr = curr->next; i++; } if (curr != NULL) { newNode->next = curr->next; curr->next = newNode; } } } // 删除链表中指定节点 void deleteNode(struct ListNode** head, int value) { struct ListNode* prev = NULL; struct ListNode* curr = *head; while (curr != NULL && curr->value != value) { prev = curr; curr = curr->next; } if (curr != NULL) { if (prev == NULL) { *head = curr->next; } else { prev->next = curr->next; } free(curr); } } // 查找链表中指定值的节点 struct ListNode* searchNode(struct ListNode* head, int value) { struct ListNode* curr = head; while (curr != NULL && curr->value != value) { curr = curr->next; } return curr; } // 显示链表中的所有节点值 void displayList(struct ListNode* head) { struct ListNode* curr = head; while (curr != NULL) { printf("%d ", curr->value); curr = curr->next; } printf("\n"); } int main() { struct ListNode* head = createList(5); displayList(head); insertNode(&head, 0, 10); displayList(head); deleteNode(&head, 3); displayList(head); struct ListNode* node = searchNode(head, 4); if (node != NULL) { printf("找到了节点 %d\n", node->value); } else { printf("未找到节点\n"); } return 0; } ``` 以上代码实现单链表创建插入删除查找和显示功能。在`main`函数中,首先通过`createList`函数创建一个包含5个节点的链表,并通过`displayList`函数将链表的节点值打印出来。 然后,使用`insertNode`函数在链表的指定位置(0 表示在头部插入插入一个值为10的节点,并再次使用`displayList`函数将链表的节点值打印出来。 接着,使用`deleteNode`函数删除链表中值为3的节点,并再次使用`displayList`函数将链表的节点值打印出来。 最后,使用`searchNode`函数查找链表中值为4的节点,并根据节点是否为空来判断是否找到了节点。

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