简介:
为什么要用Fragment?使用Fragment可以在一个Activity中实现不同的界面。Fragment与Fragment之间的动画切换,远比Activity与Activity之间的动画切换变化方式多。很多时候,我们通过使用一个Activity,切换多个Fragment。本次博客,主要列举一下Fragment与它的Activity之间进行数据交换的方式。
1.Fragment中通过getActivity()然后进行强制转化,调用Activity中的公有方法
((XXXXActivity)getActivity()).fun();
2.Activity在切换Fragment的时候,通过setArguments向Fragment传递参数,Fragment通过getArguments();获得从activity中传递过来的值
3.Activity实现一个接口,Fragment在onAttach方法中,将该Activity转化为该接口,在需要调用的时候回调。
注意:本Demo是通过FragmentManager来管理Fragment的,通过FragmentManager管理,我们创建Fragment和销毁Fragment的时候,可以通过栈的方式:
a.FragmentTransaction的add方法,添加一个Fragment
b.FragmentTransaction的popBackStack()弹出该Fragment
演示实例:
fragment1.xml
1
2
3
4
|
<relativelayout xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools=
"http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
android:background=
"#FFFFFFFF"
android:paddingbottom=
"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingleft=
"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingright=
"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingtop=
"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=
"com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment"
>
<textview android:id=
"@+id/tv"
android:layout_width=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_alignparenttop=
"true"
android:text=
"fragment1"
>
<button android:id=
"@+id/btn"
android:layout_width=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_below=
"@id/tv"
android:text=
"跳转到Fragment2"
>
</button></textview></relativelayout>
|
MyFragment1.java
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
|
/*
* $filename: MyFragment.java,v $
* $Date: 2014-5-16 $
* Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
* This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
*/
package
com.example.testfragment;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import
android.view.LayoutInflater;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import
android.view.ViewGroup;
import
android.widget.Button;
/*
*@author: ZhengHaibo
*mail: zhb931706659@126.com
*2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
*/
public
class
MyFragment1
extends
Fragment {
FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack =
null
;
Button btn;
@Override
public
View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container,
false
);
btn = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setOnClickListener(
new
OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
fragmentCallBack.callbackFun1(
null
);
}
});
return
rootView;
}
@Override
public
void
onAttach(Activity activity) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super
.onAttach(activity);
fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;
}
}
|
fragment2.xml
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
<relativelayout xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools=
"http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
android:background=
"#FFFFFFFF"
android:paddingbottom=
"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingleft=
"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingright=
"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingtop=
"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=
"com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment"
>
<textview android:id=
"@+id/tv"
android:layout_width=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_alignparenttop=
"true"
android:text=
"fragment2"
>
<button android:id=
"@+id/btn1"
android:layout_width=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_below=
"@id/tv"
android:text=
"直接调用Activity"
>
</button><button android:id=
"@+id/btn2"
android:layout_width=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_below=
"@id/btn1"
android:text=
"回调Activity"
>
</button></textview></relativelayout>
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
|
/*
* $filename: MyFragment.java,v $
* $Date: 2014-5-16 $
* Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
* This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
*/
package
com.example.testfragment;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import
android.view.LayoutInflater;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import
android.view.ViewGroup;
import
android.widget.Button;
import
android.widget.Toast;
/*
*@author: ZhengHaibo
*mail: zhb931706659@126.com
*2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
*/
public
class
MyFragment2
extends
Fragment {
FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack =
null
;
Button btn1;
Button btn2;
@Override
public
View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container,
false
);
Bundle data = getArguments();
//获得从activity中传递过来的值
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), data.getString(
"TEXT"
), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
btn1 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn1);
btn1.setOnClickListener(
new
OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
// 直接调用Activity中的方法
((MainActivity)getActivity()).changeButtonColor();
}
});
btn2 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn2);
btn2.setOnClickListener(
new
OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
// 回调的方式
fragmentCallBack.callbackFun2(
null
);
}
});
return
rootView;
}
@Override
public
void
onAttach(Activity activity) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super
.onAttach(activity);
fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;
}
}
|
回调接口:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
/*
* $filename: FragmentCallBack.java,v $
* $Date: 2014-5-16 $
* Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
* This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
*/
package
com.example.testfragment;
import
android.os.Bundle;
/*
*@author: ZhengHaibo
*mail: zhb931706659@126.com
*2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
*/
public
interface
FragmentCallBack {
public
void
callbackFun1(Bundle arg);
public
void
callbackFun2(Bundle arg);
}
|
main.xml
1
2
3
4
|
<relativelayout xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools=
"http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
android:paddingbottom=
"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingleft=
"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingright=
"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingtop=
"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
>
<button android:id=
"@+id/btn"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_alignparentbottom=
"true"
android:text=
"切换"
>
<relativelayout android:id=
"@+id/rl_container"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_above=
"@id/btn"
>
</relativelayout></button></relativelayout>
|
MainActivity.java
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
|
package
com.example.testfragment;
import
android.graphics.Color;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import
android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import
android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import
android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import
android.widget.Button;
public
class
MainActivity
extends
ActionBarActivity
implements
FragmentCallBack{
private
Button btn;
private
MyFragment1 fragment1;
private
MyFragment2 fragment2;
private
FragmentManager fragmentManager;
private
Fragment currentFragment;
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
fragment1 =
new
MyFragment1();
Bundle data =
new
Bundle();
data.putString(
"TEXT"
,
"这是Activiy通过Bundle传递过来的值"
);
fragment1.setArguments(data);
//通过Bundle向Activity中传递值
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment1);
//将fragment1设置到布局上
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(
null
);
fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
currentFragment = fragment1;
//初始化button控件
btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setOnClickListener(
new
OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
if
(currentFragment
instanceof
MyFragment1){
switchFragment();
}
else
{
//当前是fragment2,因此,只需要将fragment2出栈即可变成fragment1
fragmentManager.popBackStack();
currentFragment = fragment1;
}
}
});
}
/**
* 切换Fragment
*/
private
void
switchFragment(){
if
(
null
== fragment2){
//可以避免切换的时候重复创建
fragment2 =
new
MyFragment2();
}
Bundle data =
new
Bundle();
data.putString(
"TEXT"
,
"传递给fragment2"
);
fragment2.setArguments(data);
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment2);
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(
null
);
fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
currentFragment = fragment2;
}
public
void
changeButtonColor(){
btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
}
@Override
public
void
callbackFun1(Bundle arg) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switchFragment();
//通过回调方式切换
}
@Override
public
void
callbackFun2(Bundle arg) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
changeButtonColor();
//通过回调方式调用Activity中的方法
}
}
|
初始画面
切换到第二个Fragment之后,通过Fragment2回调,改变按钮背景后的截图。
注意:
1.直接在Fragment中通过getActivity然后强转Activity的方式调用Activity的方法,这个方式不推荐!因为这会使Fragment的适配性变差。
解决方法:在使用之前,使用instanceof 判断一下Activity的类型
2.FragmentTransaction通过使用setCustomAnimations方法,可以为Fragment的切换增添各种不同的动画。变化方式远比Activity与Activity之间的切换动画要多。
3.多个Fragment之间,可以通过Activity复用很多代码,提高效率。
4.我们还可以通过ViewPager来管理Fragment,通过Adapter添加多个Fragment,然后通过setcurrentitem进行切换。我们同样可以通过setArguments向Fragment传递数据。