史上最全、最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(二)

十三、返回json格式的字符串

  1.导入以下jar包

  2.方法代码

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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/json" )
public class jsonController {
     
     @ResponseBody
     @RequestMapping ( "/user" )
     public  User get(){
         User u = new User();
         u.setId( 1 );
         u.setName( "jayjay" );
         u.setBirth( new Date());
         return u;
     }
}

 十四、异常的处理

  1.处理局部异常(Controller内)

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@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
     ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
     mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
     System.out.println( "in testExceptionHandler" );
     return mv;
}
    
@RequestMapping ( "/error" )
public String error(){
     int i = 5 / 0 ;
     return "hello" ;
}

  2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)

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@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
     @ExceptionHandler
     public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
         ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
         mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
         System.out.println( "in testControllerAdvice" );
         return mv;
     }
}

  3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
< bean class = "org.<span id=" 16_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "16_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "16" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >spring</ span ></ a ></ span >framework.web.< span id = "17_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "17_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=servlet&k0=servlet&kdi0=0&luki=5&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "17" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >servlet</ span ></ a ></ span >.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
     < property name = "exceptionMappings" >
         < props >
             < prop key = "java.lang.ArithmeticException" >error</ prop >
         </ props >
     </ property >
</ bean >

  error是出错页面

 十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

  1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
 
     @Override
     public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
             HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
             throws Exception {
         System.out.println( "afterCompletion" );
     }
 
     @Override
     public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
             Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
         System.out.println( "postHandle" );
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
             Object arg2) throws Exception {
         System.out.println( "preHandle" );
         return true ;
     }
 
}

  2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

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<!-- interceptor setting -->
<< span id = "15_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "15_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "15" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >mvc</ span ></ a ></ span >:interceptors>
     < mvc:interceptor >
         < mvc:mapping path = "/mvc/**" />
         < bean class = "test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" ></ bean >
     </ mvc:interceptor >       
</ mvc:interceptors >

  3.拦截器执行顺序

 十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化

  1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

  2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

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public class User {
     public int getId() {
         return id;
     }
     public void setId( int id) {
         this .id = id;
     }
     public String getName() {
         return name;
     }
     public void setName(String name) {
         this .name = name;
     }
     public Date getBirth() {
         return birth;
     }
     public void setBirth(Date birth) {
         this .birth = birth;
     }
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
     }   
     private int id;
     @NotEmpty
     private String name;
 
     @Past
     @DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
     private Date birth;
}

  ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

  3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

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< form:form action = "form/add" method = "post" modelAttribute = "user" >
     id:< form:input path = "id" />< form:errors path = "id" />< br >
     name:< form:input path = "name" />< form:errors path = "name" />< br >
     birth:< form:input path = "birth" />< form:errors path = "birth" />
     < input type = "submit" value = "submit" >
</ form:form >

  ps:path对应name

  4.Controller中代码

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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/form" )
public class formController {
     @RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)   
     public String add( @Valid User u,BindingResult br){
         if (br.getErrorCount()> 0 ){           
             return "addUser" ;
         }
         return "showUser" ;
     }
     
     @RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
     public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
         map.put( "user" , new User());
         return "addUser" ;
     }
}

  ps:

  1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

  2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

  3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

  5.错误信息自定义

  在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure the locale resource -->
< bean id = "messageSource" class = "org.<span id=" 12_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "12_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "12" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >spring</ span ></ a ></ span >framework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
     < property name = "basename" value = "locale" ></ property >
</ bean >

  6.国际化显示

  在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

  locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

  创建一个locale.jsp

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< body >
   < fmt:message key = "username" ></ fmt:message >
   < fmt:message key = "password" ></ fmt:message >
</ body >

  在SpringMVC中配置

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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
<< span id = "11_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "11_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "11" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >mvc</ span ></ a ></ span >:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

  让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

  最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

 十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

  1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类

  2.User实体类

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public class User {
     public int getId() {
         return id;
     }
     public void setId( int id) {
         this .id = id;
     }
     public String getName() {
         return name;
     }
     public void setName(String name) {
         this .name = name;
     }
     public Date getBirth() {
         return birth;
     }
     public void setBirth(Date birth) {
         this .birth = birth;
     }
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
     }   
     private int id;
     @NotEmpty
     private String name;
 
     @Past
     @DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
     private Date birth;
}

  3.UserService类

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@Component
public class UserService {
     public UserService(){
         System.out.println( "UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n" );
     }
     
     public void save(){
         System.out.println( "save" );
     }
}

  4.UserController

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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/integrate" )
public class UserController {
     @Autowired
     private UserService userService;
     
     @RequestMapping ( "/user" )
     public String saveUser( @RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
         System.out.println(u);
         userService.save();
         return "hello" ;
     }
}

  5.Spring配置文件

  在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.<span id=" 4_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "4_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "4" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >spring</ span ></ a ></ span >framework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:< span id = "5_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "5_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=xsi&k0=xsi&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "5" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >xsi</ span ></ a ></ span >="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
         http://www.< span id = "6_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "6_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "6" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >spring</ span ></ a ></ span >framework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
         "
         < span id = "7_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "7_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=xml&k0=xml&kdi0=0&luki=3&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "7" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >xml</ span ></ a ></ span >ns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
         xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
         xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
         >
     < context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
         < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation"
             expression = "org.<span id=" 8_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "8_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "8" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >spring</ span ></ a ></ span >framework.stereotype.Controller"/>
         < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation"
             expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />       
     </ context:component-scan >
     
</ beans >

  在Web.xml中添加配置

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<!-- configure the springIOC -->
< listener >
     < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >
</ listener >
< context-param
   < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name
   < param-value >classpath:applicationContext.< span id = "3_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "3_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=xml&k0=xml&kdi0=0&luki=3&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "3" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >xml</ span ></ a ></ span ></ param-value >
</ context-param >

  6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
     < context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
         < context:include-filter type = "annotation"
             expression = "org.<span id=" 2_nwp" style = "width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" >< a id = "2_nwl" href = "http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=18&is_app=0&jk=e36ef11d8131b478&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=78b431811df16ee3&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target = "_blank" mpid = "2" style = "text-decoration: none;" >< span style = "color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;" >spring</ span ></ a ></ span >framework.stereotype.Controller"/>
         < context:include-filter type = "annotation"
             expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
     </ context:component-scan >

 十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

 十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

  1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

  2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。

  3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

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