也是很久没有更新博客,今天看完AsyncTask源码,把学到的东西分享一下
AsyncTask 介绍
一个处理异步操作的类。
为了更方便的在子线程中更新UI,Android 1.5版本引入了AsyncTask类,使子线程非常灵活方便的切换到UI线程(主线程);
AsyncTask 主要方法介绍
onProExecute()
这个方法会在任务执行之前调用,一般都是做初始化,dialog提示这类的操作。
doInBackground()
这个方法会在子线程中运行,不进行UI更新操作,我们应该把耗时的任务放到这个里面执行。任务过程中的结果,继续给onProgressUpdate调用进行UI更新操作。如果doInBackground第三个参数是void,则不用返回结果
。
onProgressUpdate()
这个方法可以更新UI,根据doInBackground过程中结果,做相应的UI处理。
onPostExecute()
当后台的任务执行完毕,调用这个方法,根据return返回来的结果做出相应的处理,比如,关闭对话框,Toast提示等等。。
分析AsyncTask源码
首先我们从AsyncTask.execute()方法入手,因为这是启动异步的入口
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
发现三个参数Params,Progerss.Result,一个executeonExecutor()方法
Params 传入参数
Progersss, 任务更新进度值
Result 任务执行完毕的返回值
在进入executeonExecutor()方法
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
发现AsyncTask一个核心方法onProExecute().这就是为什么onProExecute()方法会第一个运行。在接着一个exec.execute(mFuture)方法出现 并且里面带一个mFuture参数。先不管mFuture参数,直接看exec.
exec这个参数是通过executeOnExecutor(Executorexec,Params params)方法传过来的,那么Executor又是哪里赋值呢,继续往上面走,你会发现其实这个Executor是通过executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor,params)中的sDefaultExecutor赋值,然后我们找到sDefaultExecutor
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
sDefaultExecutor通过SerialExecutor()赋值。这里就清楚了 其实exec这个参数间接就是SerialExecutor。然后我们在回到上面的exec.execute(mFuture)方法,也就是SerialExecutor.execute()方法
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
发现一个r.run(),r是execute(Runable r)传过来的,往回看因为SerialExecutot.execute(Runable r) = exec.execute(mFuture);所以这个mFuture就是execute(Runable r)里面的参数。那么mFuture又是什么呢!
private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
理所当然mFuture.run()
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
活捉一直c.call()那么问题来了c = callable ,callable又是什么鬼。不要慌车到山前必有路。其实就是mFuture做初始化的时候传过来的,
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
只不过这个callable有点坏,伪装成了mWorker,那就让我们揭开这个小家伙的面纱吧!
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
原来如此,是这个doInBackground(mParams)作祟,AsyncTask第二个主要方法终于是看到了。那么第三个还会远么?当然是否定的。继续往下面看,因为doInBackground(mParams)是子线程,那怎么跟UI线程交互呢,二话不说先调用publishProgerss();
@WorkerThread
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
子线程跟UI线程通信怎么少得了Handler, 发送MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS, 接收消息
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
AsyncTask第三个方法也出来,onProgressUpdate(result,mDate)是不是很兴奋马上就能真相大白了。
不浮躁回到刚刚那个mWorker初始化的地方,你会发现除了有一个doInBackground()方法外,还有一个
finally不管怎么样都会实现里面的代码
postRsult
(result),到底是怎么一个重要的角色,风雨无阻呢!
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
发送一条MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,然后接收信息
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
mTask.finish();一看就知道这个是AsyncTask
final AsyncTask mTask;
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
一切真相大白,AsyncTask第四个方法
onPostExecute(result);
AsyncTask简单使用
- class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Boolean> {
- @Override
- protected void onPreExecute() {
- progressDialog.show();
- }
- @Override
- protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {
- try {
- while (true) {
- int downloadPercent = doDownload();
- publishProgress(downloadPercent);
- if (downloadPercent >= 100) {
- break;
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- @Override
- protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
- progressDialog.setMessage("当前下载进度:" + values[0] + "%");
- }
- @Override
- protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
- progressDialog.dismiss();
- if (result) {
- Toast.makeText(context, "下载成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- } else {
- Toast.makeText(context, "下载失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- }
- }
new DownloadTask().execute();