在很多情况下我们需要在配置文件中配置一些属性,然后注入到bean中,Spring提供了org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer
类,可以方便我们使用注解直接注入properties文件中的配置。
下面我们看下具体如何操作:
首先要新建maven项目,并在pom文件中添加spring依赖,如下pom.xml文件:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.outofmemory</groupId> <artifactId>hellospring.properties.annotation</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>hellospring.properties.annotation</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <org.springframework-version>3.0.0.RC2</org.springframework-version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework-version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
要自动注入properties文件中的配置,需要在spring配置文件中添加org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean
和org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer
的实例配置:
如下spring配置文件appContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd "> <!-- bean annotation driven --> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation"> </context:component-scan> <bean id="configProperties" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>classpath*:application.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="properties" ref="configProperties" /> </bean> </beans>
在这个配置文件中我们配置了注解扫描,和configProperties
实例和propertyConfigurer
实例。这样我们就可以在java类中自动注入配置了,我们看下java类中如何做:
package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MySQLConnectionInfo {
@Value("#{configProperties['mysql.url']}")
private String url;
@Value("#{configProperties['mysql.userName']}")
private String userName;
@Value("#{configProperties['mysql.password']}")
private String password;
/**
* @return the url
*/
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
/**
* @return the userName
*/
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
/**
* @return the password
*/
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
}
自动注入需要使用@Value注解,这个注解的格式#{configProperties['mysql.url']}
其中configProperties是我们在appContext.xml中配置的beanId,mysql.url是在properties文件中的配置项。
properties文件的内容如下:
mysql.url=mysql's url mysql.userName=mysqlUser mysql.password=mysqlPassword
最后我们需要测试一下以上写法是否有问题,如下App.java文件内容:
package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("appContext.xml");
MySQLConnectionInfo connInfo = appContext.getBean(MySQLConnectionInfo.class);
System.out.println(connInfo.getUrl());
System.out.println(connInfo.getUserName());
System.out.println(connInfo.getPassword());
}
}
在main方法中首先声明了appContext,然后获得了自动注入的MySQLConnectionInfo的实例,然后打印出来,运行程序会输出配置文件中配置的值。