1、SQL> select ename,deptno,sal from emp where sal=(select max(sal) from emp group by deptno);
select ename,deptno,sal from emp where sal=(select max(sal) from emp group by deptno)
查询每个薪水最多的人的姓名,因为(select max(sal) from emp group by deptno)返回多个值,而sal只能接受一值所以不正确
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01427: 单行子查询返回多个值
SQL> select ename,deptno,sal from emp where sal in (select max(sal) from emp group by deptno);
使用关键字in可以,但是上面的语法是取出in里面的三个值之一,逻辑依然不正确但语法正确
ENAME DEPTNO SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 30 2850
SCOTT 20 3000
KING 10 5000
FORD 20 3000
select ename,sal from emp join(select max(sal) max_sal,depton from emp group by
deptno) t on(emp.sal=t.max_sal and emp.depton=t.depton);
正确写法如上!运用了join on表连接和子查询
2、SQL> select ename,dname,grade from emp e,dept d,salgrade s
2 where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal and //连接条件
3 job <>'CLERK';//过滤条件
所以造成阅读不方便,因此1999年有了新的语法规则
ENAME DNAME GRADE
---------- -------------- ----------
KING ACCOUNTING 5
FORD RESEARCH 4
SCOTT RESEARCH 4
JONES RESEARCH 4
BLAKE SALES 4
CLARK ACCOUNTING 4
ALLEN SALES 3
TURNER SALES 3
MARTIN SALES 2
WARD SALES 2
SQL>select ename,dname from emp,dept;//92年语法
SQL>select ename,dname from emp corss join dept;//99年语法
SQL>select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.depton;//92年语法
SQL>select ename,dname from emp join dept on (emp.deptno=dept.depton)//99年语法
SQL>select ename,dname from emp join dept using(depton) ;//不推荐
SQL>select ename,dname,grade from
emp e join dept d on(e.depton =d.depton)
join salgrade s on (e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
where ename not like '_A%';
SQL> select e1.ename,e2.ename from emp e1 join emp e2 on (e1.mgr=e2.empno);
SQL> select e1.ename,e2.ename from emp e1 left join emp e2 on (e1.mgr=e2.empno);左外连接
SQL> select e1.ename,e2.ename from emp e1 join emp e2 on (e1.mgr=e2.empno);//全外连接
SQL> select deptno,avg_sal from
2 (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
3 where avg_sal=
4 (select max(avg_sal) from (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno));
A.求部门平均薪水的等级。
select deptno,avg_sal,grade from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)t
join salgrade s on(t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
B.求部门平均的薪水等级
select deptno,avg(grade) from
(select deptno,ename, grade from emp join salgrade s on(emp.sal between s.losal and
s.hisal)) t
group by deptno
C.那些人是经理
select ename from emp where empno in(select mgr from emp);
select ename from emp where empno in(select distinct mgr from emp);
D.不准用组函数,求薪水的最高值(面试题)
select distinct sal from emp where sal not in(
select distinct e1.sal from emp e1 join emp e2 on (e1.sal<e2.sal));
E.平均薪水最高的部门编号
select deptno,avg_sal from
(select avg(sal)avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
where avg_sal=
(select max(avg_sal)from
(select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
)
F.平均薪水最高的部门名称
select dname from dept where deptno=
(
select deptno from
(select avg(sal)avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
where avg_sal=
(select max(avg_sal)from
(select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
)
)
G.求平均薪水的等级最低的部门的部门名称
组函数嵌套
如:平均薪水最高的部门编号,可以E.更简单的方法如下:
select deptno,avg_sal from
(select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
where avg_sal =
(select max(avg(sal)) from emp group by deptno)
组函数最多嵌套两层
分析:
首先求
1.平均薪水: select avg(sal) from group by deptno;
2.平均薪水等级: 把平均薪水当做一张表,需要和另外一张表连接salgrade
select deptno,grade avg_sal from
( select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s on(t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
上面结果又可当成一张表。
DEPTNO GRADE AVG_SAL
-------- ------- ----------
30 3 1566.66667
20 4 2175
10 4 2916.66667
3.求上表平均等级最低值
select min(grade) from
(
select deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)t
join salgrade s on(t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisa)
)
4.把最低值对应的2结果的那张表的对应那张表的deptno, 然后把2对应的表和另外一张表做连接。
select dname ,deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(
select deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)t
join salgrade s on(t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
) t1
join dept on (t1.deptno = dept.deptno)
where t1.grade =
(
select deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s on(t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
)
)
结果如下:
DNAME DEPTNO GRADE AVG_SAL
-------- ------- -------- --------
SALES 30 3 1566.6667
H: 视图(视图就是一张表,一个字查询)
G中语句有重复,可以用视图来简化。
conn sys/bjsxt as sysdba;
grant create table,create view to scott;
conn scott/tiger
创建视图:
create view v$_dept_avg-sal_info as
select deptno,grade,avg_sal from
( select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)t
join salgrade s on 9t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
然后
select * from v$_dept_avg-sal_info
结果如下:
DEPTNO GRADE AVG_SAL
-------- ------- ----------
30 3 1566.66667
20 4 2175
10 4 2916.66667
然后G中查询可以简化成:
select dname,t1.deptno,grade,avg_sal from
v$_dept_avg-sal_info t1
join dept on(t1.deptno =dept.deptno)
where t1.grade=
(
select min(grade) from v$_dept_avg-sal_info t1
)
3
SQL> select deptno,avg_sal from
2 (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
3 where avg_sal=
4 (select max(avg_sal) from (select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno));
初学Oracle_多条selcet语句
最新推荐文章于 2021-04-13 03:25:27 发布