Spring Boot (三)：Thymeleaf 的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-23 08:47:33 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-23 08:47:33 发布

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分类专栏： springboot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32923745/article/details/78257686

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Thymeleaf 的基本语法

Thymeleaf是Web和独立环境的现代服务器端Java模板引擎，能够处理HTML，XML，JavaScript，CSS甚至纯文本。

Thymeleaf的主要目标是提供一种优雅和高度可维护的创建模板的方式。为了实现这一点，它建立在自然模板的概念上，将其逻辑注入到模板文件中，不会影响模板被用作设计原型。这改善了设计的沟通，弥补了设计和开发团队之间的差距。

Thymeleaf也从一开始就设计了Web标准 - 特别是HTML5 - 允许您创建完全验证的模板，如果这是您需要的

springboot 用thymeleaf 还是挺不错的

温馨提示：点击右边展示皮肤 --> 选择经典白这个主题可能会更加适合。

一、标准表达式语法

它又分为：

消息
变量
选择表达式
链接URL
片段
文字
附加文本
字面替代
算术运算
比较与平等
条件表达式
默认表达式
无操作令牌
数据转换/格式化
预处理

我就只介绍常用的了

${…} 表达式实际上是在上下文中包含的变量的地图上执行的OGNL（Object-Graph Navigation Language）对象。

1、变量

<p>Today is: <span th:text="${today}">13 february 2011</span>.</p>

意味着 <span>标签中的内容会被表达式${today}的值所替代，无论模板中它的内容是什么，之所以在模板中“多此一举“地填充它的内容，完全是为了它能够作为原型在浏览器中直接显示出来。
假设today的值为2015年8月14日，那么渲染结果为：<p>Today is: 2015年8月14日.</p>。可见Thymeleaf的基本变量和JSP一样，都使用${.}表示获取变量的值。

2、URL

URL在Web应用模板中占据着十分重要的地位，需要特别注意的是Thymeleaf对于URL的处理是通过语法@{…}来处理的。Thymeleaf支持绝对路径URL：

<a th:href="@{http://www.thymeleaf.org}">Thymeleaf</a>

同时也能够支持相对路径URL：

另外，如果需要Thymeleaf对URL进行渲染，那么务必使用`th:href`，`th:src`等属性，下面是一个例子

<!-- Will produce 'http://localhost:8080/gtvg/order/details?orderId=3' (plus rewriting) -->
<a href="details.html" 
   th:href="@{http://localhost:8080/gtvg/order/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a>
<!-- Will produce '/gtvg/order/details?orderId=3' (plus rewriting) -->
<a href="details.html" th:href="@{/order/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a>
<!-- Will produce '/gtvg/order/3/details' (plus rewriting) -->
<a href="details.html" th:href="@{/order/{orderId}/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a>

几点说明：

上例中URL最后的`(orderId=${o.id})`表示将括号内的内容作为URL参数处理，该语法避免使用字符串拼接，大大提高了可读性`@{...}`表达式中可以通过`{orderId}`访问`Context`中的`orderId`变量`@{/order}`是`Context`相关的相对路径，在渲染时会自动添加上当前Web应用的Context名字，假设`context`名字为`app`，那么结果应该是`/app/order`

3、字符串替换

很多时候可能我们只需要对一大段文字中的某一处地方进行替换，可以通过字符串拼接操作完成：

<span th:text="'Welcome to our application, ' + ${user.name} + '!'">

一种更简洁的方式是：

<span th:text="|Welcome to our application, ${user.name}!|">

当然这种形式限制比较多，|…|中只能包含变量表达式${…}，不能包含其他常量、条件表达式等。

4、运算符

在表达式中可以使用各类算术运算符，例如+, -, *, /, %

th:with="isEven=(${prodStat.count} % 2 == 0)"

逻辑运算符>, <, <=,>=，==,!=都可以使用，唯一需要注意的是使用<,>时需要用它的HTML转义符：

th:if="${prodStat.count} &gt; 1"
th:text="'Execution mode is ' + ( (${execMode} == 'dev')? 'Development' : 'Production')"

二、常用的表达式

1、for循环

使用 `th:each` 标签

<div class="row" >
	<div th:each="url,lstat:${links}">
		<div class="col-md-2"  th:title="${url.description}"  title="一个人，信你所信，为你所现" >
			<strong th:text="${url.link_name}">这个冬天不太冷</strong>
			<a href="http://www.lrshuai.top" th:href="${url.link}" th:text="${url.link}" >http://www.lrshuai.top</a>
		</div>
	</div>
</div>

lstat称作状态变量，属性有：

index:当前迭代对象的index（从0开始计算）
count: 当前迭代对象的index(从1开始计算)
size:被迭代对象的大小
current:当前迭代变量
even/odd:布尔值，当前循环是否是偶数/奇数（从0开始计算）
first:布尔值，当前循环是否是第一个
last:布尔值，当前循环是否是最后一个

2、条件求值

If/Unless

demo

<div class="row" >
	<div th:each="url,lstat:${links}">
		<div class="col-md-2"  th:title="${url.description}" th:if="${lstat.index}%4 == 0" >
			<strong th:text="${url.link_name}">这个冬天不太冷</strong>
			<a href="http://www.lrshuai.top" th:href="${url.link}" th:text="${url.link}">http://www.lrshuai.top</a>
		</div>
		
		<div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1" th:title="${url.description}" th:unless="${lstat.index}%4==0">
			<strong th:text="${url.link_name}">这个冬天不太冷</strong>
			<a href="http://www.lrshuai.top" th:href="${url.link}" th:text="${url.link}"  >http://www.lrshuai.top</a>
		</div>
	</div>
</div>

Thymeleaf中使用th:if和th:unless属性进行条件判断，上面的例子中，<div>标签只有在th:if中条件成立时才显示：

th:unless于th:if恰好相反，只有表达式中的条件不成立，才会显示其内容。

Switch

Thymeleaf同样支持多路选择Switch结构：

<div th:switch="${user.role}">
  <p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p>
  <p th:case="#{roles.manager}">User is a manager</p>
</div>

默认属性default可以用*表示：

<div th:switch="${user.role}">
  <p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p>
  <p th:case="#{roles.manager}">User is a manager</p>
  <p th:case="*">User is some other thing</p>
</div>

3、内嵌变量

为了模板更加易用，Thymeleaf还提供了一系列Utility对象（内置于Context中），可以通过#直接访问：

dates ： java.util.Date的功能方法类。
calendars : 类似#dates，面向java.util.Calendar
numbers : 格式化数字的功能方法类
strings : 字符串对象的功能类
objects: 对objects的功能类操作。
bools: 对布尔值求值的功能方法。
arrays：对数组的功能类方法。
lists: 对lists功能类方法
sets
maps

说说我常用得方法吧，太多了，你也不一定看完

(1)、字符串太多，显示…

# 这里的含义是 如果 atc.text 这个变量多余200个字符，后面显示...
<p th:text="${#strings.abbreviate(atc.text,200)}">内容内容内容</p>

(2)、数组判断是否为空

<div th:if="${#lists.isEmpty(arrays)} " class="blog-article">

(3)、request 获取绝对路径

<img th:src="${#httpServletRequest.getContextPath()}+${atc.img}" src="/images/logo.jpg">

常用th标签

标签	说明	例子
th:id	替换id	`<input th:id="'xxx' + ${collect.id}"/>`
th:text	文本替换	`<p th:text="${collect.description}">description</p>`
th:utext	支持html的文本替换	`<p th:utext="${htmlcontent}">conten</p>`
th:object	替换对象	`<div th:object="${session.user}">`
th:value	属性赋值	`<input th:value="${user.name}" />`
th:with	变量赋值运算	`<div th:with="isEven=${prodStat.count}%2==0"></div>`
th:style	设置样式	`th:style="'display:' + @{(${sitrue} ? 'none' : 'inline-block')} + ''"`
th:onclick	点击事件	`th:"'getCollect()'"`
th:each	属性赋值	`tr th:each="user,userStat:${users}">`
th:if	判断条件	`<a th:if="${userId == collect.userId}" >`
th:unless	和th:if判断相反	`<a th:href="@{/login}" th:unless=${session.user != null}>Login</a>`
th:href	链接地址	`<a th:href="@{/login}" th:unless=${session.user != null}>Login</a> />`
th:switch	多路选择配合th:case 使用	`<div th:switch="${user.role}">`
th:case	th:switch的一个分支	`<p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p>`
th:fragment	布局标签，定义一个代码片段，方便其它地方引用	`<div th:fragment="alert">`
th:include	布局标签，替换内容到引入的文件	`<head th:include="layout :: htmlhead" th:with="title='xx'"></head> />`
th:replace	布局标签，替换整个标签到引入的文件	`<div th:replace="fragments/header :: title"></div>`
th:selected	selected选择框选中	`th:selected="(${xxx.id} == ${configObj.dd})"`
th:src	图片类地址引入	`<img class="img-responsive" alt="App Logo" th:src="@{/img/logo.png}" />`
th:inline	定义js脚本可以使用变量	`<script type="text/javascript" th:inline="javascript">`
th:action	表单提交的地址	`<form action="subscribe.html" th:action="@{/subscribe}">`
th:remove	删除某个属性	`<tr th:remove="all">`1.all:删除包含标签和所有的孩子。2.body:不包含标记删除,但删除其所有的孩子。3.tag:包含标记的删除,但不删除它的孩子。4.all-but-first:删除所有包含标签的孩子,除了第一个。5.none:什么也不做。这个值是有用的动态评估。
th:attr	设置标签属性，多个属性可以用逗号分隔	比如`<p th:attr="src=@{/image/aa.jpg},title=${title}">内容</p>`，这样如果${title}=‘这个是title’ 则结果就是`<p src="/image/aa.jpg" title="这个是title">内容</p>`

html 有的，它几乎都有相对应的标签

下面是一组的API

日期: #dates

/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Dates
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Format date with the standard locale format
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.format(date)}
${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray)}
${#dates.listFormat(datesList)}
${#dates.setFormat(datesSet)}

/*
 * Format date with the ISO8601 format
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.formatISO(date)}
${#dates.arrayFormatISO(datesArray)}
${#dates.listFormatISO(datesList)}
${#dates.setFormatISO(datesSet)}

/*
 * Format date with the specified pattern
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.format(date, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.listFormat(datesList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.setFormat(datesSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}

/*
 * Obtain date properties
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.day(date)}                    // also arrayDay(...), listDay(...), etc.
${#dates.month(date)}                  // also arrayMonth(...), listMonth(...), etc.
${#dates.monthName(date)}              // also arrayMonthName(...), listMonthName(...), etc.
${#dates.monthNameShort(date)}         // also arrayMonthNameShort(...), listMonthNameShort(...), etc.
${#dates.year(date)}                   // also arrayYear(...), listYear(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeek(date)}              // also arrayDayOfWeek(...), listDayOfWeek(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeekName(date)}          // also arrayDayOfWeekName(...), listDayOfWeekName(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeekNameShort(date)}     // also arrayDayOfWeekNameShort(...), listDayOfWeekNameShort(...), etc.
${#dates.hour(date)}                   // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc.
${#dates.minute(date)}                 // also arrayMinute(...), listMinute(...), etc.
${#dates.second(date)}                 // also arraySecond(...), listSecond(...), etc.
${#dates.millisecond(date)}            // also arrayMillisecond(...), listMillisecond(...), etc.

/*
 * Create date (java.util.Date) objects from its components
 */
${#dates.create(year,month,day)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond)}

/*
 * Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date and time
 */
${#dates.createNow()}

${#dates.createNowForTimeZone()}

/*
 * Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date (time set to 00:00)
 */
${#dates.createToday()}

${#dates.createTodayForTimeZone()}

数字:#numbers

/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Numbers
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * ==========================
 * Formatting integer numbers
 * ==========================
 */

/* 
 * Set minimum integer digits.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3)}
${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3)}
${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3)}


/* 
 * Set minimum integer digits and thousands separator: 
 * 'POINT', 'COMMA', 'WHITESPACE', 'NONE' or 'DEFAULT' (by locale).
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3,'POINT')}


/*
 * ==========================
 * Formatting decimal numbers
 * ==========================
 */

/*
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2)}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2)}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2)}

/*
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also decimal separator.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2,'COMMA')}

/*
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also thousands and 
 * decimal separator.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}


/* 
 * =====================
 * Formatting currencies
 * =====================
 */

${#numbers.formatCurrency(num)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatCurrency(numArray)}
${#numbers.listFormatCurrency(numList)}
${#numbers.setFormatCurrency(numSet)}


/* 
 * ======================
 * Formatting percentages
 * ======================
 */

${#numbers.formatPercent(num)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatPercent(numArray)}
${#numbers.listFormatPercent(numList)}
${#numbers.setFormatPercent(numSet)}

/* 
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits.
 */
${#numbers.formatPercent(num, 3, 2)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatPercent(numArray, 3, 2)}
${#numbers.listFormatPercent(numList, 3, 2)}
${#numbers.setFormatPercent(numSet, 3, 2)}


/*
 * ===============
 * Utility methods
 * ===============
 */

/*
 * Create a sequence (array) of integer numbers going
 * from x to y
 */
${#numbers.sequence(from,to)}
${#numbers.sequence(from,to,step)}

字符串:#strings

/*
 * Null-safe toString()
 */
${#strings.toString(obj)}                           // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Check whether a String is empty (or null). Performs a trim() operation before check
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.isEmpty(name)}
${#strings.arrayIsEmpty(nameArr)}
${#strings.listIsEmpty(nameList)}
${#strings.setIsEmpty(nameSet)}

/*
 * Perform an 'isEmpty()' check on a string and return it if false, defaulting to
 * another specified string if true.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.defaultString(text,default)}
${#strings.arrayDefaultString(textArr,default)}
${#strings.listDefaultString(textList,default)}
${#strings.setDefaultString(textSet,default)}

/*
 * Check whether a fragment is contained in a String
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.contains(name,'ez')}                     // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.containsIgnoreCase(name,'ez')}           // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Check whether a String starts or ends with a fragment
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.startsWith(name,'Don')}                  // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.endsWith(name,endingFragment)}           // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Substring-related operations
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.indexOf(name,frag)}                      // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substring(name,3,5)}                     // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substringAfter(name,prefix)}             // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substringBefore(name,suffix)}            // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.replace(name,'las','ler')}               // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Append and prepend
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.prepend(str,prefix)}                     // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.append(str,suffix)}                      // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Change case
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.toUpperCase(name)}                       // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.toLowerCase(name)}                       // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Split and join
 */
${#strings.arrayJoin(namesArray,',')}
${#strings.listJoin(namesList,',')}
${#strings.setJoin(namesSet,',')}
${#strings.arraySplit(namesStr,',')}                // returns String[]
${#strings.listSplit(namesStr,',')}                 // returns List<String>
${#strings.setSplit(namesStr,',')}                  // returns Set<String>

/*
 * Trim
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.trim(str)}                               // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Compute length
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.length(str)}                             // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Abbreviate text making it have a maximum size of n. If text is bigger, it
 * will be clipped and finished in "..."
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.abbreviate(str,10)}                      // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Convert the first character to upper-case (and vice-versa)
 */
${#strings.capitalize(str)}                         // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unCapitalize(str)}                       // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Convert the first character of every word to upper-case
 */
${#strings.capitalizeWords(str)}                    // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.capitalizeWords(str,delimiters)}         // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Escape the string
 */
${#strings.escapeXml(str)}                          // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.escapeJava(str)}                         // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.escapeJavaScript(str)}                   // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unescapeJava(str)}                       // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unescapeJavaScript(str)}                 // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Null-safe comparison and concatenation
 */
${#strings.equals(first, second)}
${#strings.equalsIgnoreCase(first, second)}
${#strings.concat(values...)}
${#strings.concatReplaceNulls(nullValue, values...)}

/*
 * Random
 */
${#strings.randomAlphanumeric(count)}

布尔:#bools

/*
 * Evaluate a condition in the same way that it would be evaluated in a th:if tag
 * (see conditional evaluation chapter afterwards).
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#bools.isTrue(obj)}
${#bools.arrayIsTrue(objArray)}
${#bools.listIsTrue(objList)}
${#bools.setIsTrue(objSet)}

/*
 * Evaluate with negation
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#bools.isFalse(cond)}
${#bools.arrayIsFalse(condArray)}
${#bools.listIsFalse(condList)}
${#bools.setIsFalse(condSet)}

/*
 * Evaluate and apply AND operator
 * Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter
 */
${#bools.arrayAnd(condArray)}
${#bools.listAnd(condList)}
${#bools.setAnd(condSet)}

/*
 * Evaluate and apply OR operator
 * Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter
 */
${#bools.arrayOr(condArray)}
${#bools.listOr(condList)}
${#bools.setOr(condSet)}

数组 :#arrays

/*
 * Converts to array, trying to infer array component class.
 * Note that if resulting array is empty, or if the elements
 * of the target object are not all of the same class,
 * this method will return Object[].
 */
${#arrays.toArray(object)}

/*
 * Convert to arrays of the specified component class.
 */
${#arrays.toStringArray(object)}
${#arrays.toIntegerArray(object)}
${#arrays.toLongArray(object)}
${#arrays.toDoubleArray(object)}
${#arrays.toFloatArray(object)}
${#arrays.toBooleanArray(object)}

/*
 * Compute length
 */
${#arrays.length(array)}

/*
 * Check whether array is empty
 */
${#arrays.isEmpty(array)}

/*
 * Check if element or elements are contained in array
 */
${#arrays.contains(array, element)}
${#arrays.containsAll(array, elements)}

参考文献：http://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html

Github示例代码：https://github.com/rstyro/Springboot/tree/master/springboot-web

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Spring Boot (三)：Thymeleaf 的使用

Thymeleaf 的基本语法Thymeleaf是Web和独立环境的现代服务器端Java模板引擎，能够处理HTML，XML，JavaScript，CSS甚至纯文本。Thymeleaf的主要目标是提供一种优雅和高度可维护的创建模板的方式。为了实现这一点，它建立在自然模板的概念上，将其逻辑注入到模板文件中，不会影响模板被用作设计原型。这改善了设计的沟通，弥补了设计和开发团队之间的差距。Thymeleaf
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