1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍
手势识别在iOS上非常重要,手势操作移动设备的重要特征,极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。
iOS系统在3.2以后,为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势,提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类,下面的子类是具体的手势,开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。
- UITapGestureRecognizer
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer
- UIRotationGestureRecognizer
- UISwipeGestureRecognizer
- UIPanGestureRecognizer
- UILongPressGestureRecognizer
上面的手势对应的操作是:
- Tap(点一下)
- Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动,平时经常用到的缩放)
- Rotation(旋转)
- Swipe(滑动,快速移动)
- Pan (拖移,慢速移动)
- LongPress(长按)
UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下:
2、使用手势的步骤
使用手势很简单,分为两步:
- 创建手势实例。当创建手势时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,回调方法被调用。
- 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View,当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会回调方法。
ps:一个手势只能对应一个View,但是一个View可以有多个手势。
建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致你认为手势失效。
3、Pan 拖动手势:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
UIImageView
*
snakeImageView
=
[
[
UIImageView
alloc
]
initWithImage
:
[
UIImage
imageNamed
:
@
"snake.png"
]
]
;
snakeImageView
.
frame
=
CGRectMake
(
50
,
50
,
100
,
160
)
;
UIPanGestureRecognizer
*
panGestureRecognizer
=
[
[
UIPanGestureRecognizer
alloc
]
initWithTarget
:
self
action
:
@
selector
(
handlePan
:
)
]
;
[
snakeImageView
addGestureRecognizer
:
panGestureRecognizer
]
;
[
self
.
view
setBackgroundColor
:
[
UIColor
whiteColor
]
]
;
[
self
.
view
addSubview
:
snakeImageView
]
;
|
新建一个ImageView,然后添加手势
回调方法:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
-
(
void
)
handlePan
:
(
UIPanGestureRecognizer*
)
recognizer
{
CGPoint
translation
=
[
recognizer
translationInView
:
self
.
view
]
;
recognizer
.
view
.
center
=
CGPointMake
(
recognizer
.
view
.
center
.
x
+
translation
.
x
,
recognizer
.
view
.
center
.
y
+
translation
.
y
)
;
[
recognizer
setTranslation
:
CGPointZero
inView
:
self
.
view
]
;
}
|
4、Pinch缩放手势
1
2
3
|
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
*
pinchGestureRecognizer
=
[
[
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
alloc
]
initWithTarget
:
self
action
:
@
selector
(
handlePinch
:
)
]
;
<
p
class
=
"p1"
>
[
<
span
class
=
"s1"
>
snakeImageView
<
/
span
>
<
span
class
=
"s2"
>
addGestureRecognizer
<
/
span
>
:
pinchGestureRecognizer
]
;
<
/
p
>
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
-
(
void
)
handlePinch
:
(
UIPinchGestureRecognizer*
)
recognizer
{
recognizer
.
view
.
transform
=
CGAffineTransformScale
(
recognizer
.
view
.
transform
,
recognizer
.
scale
,
recognizer
.
scale
)
;
recognizer
.
scale
=
1
;
}
|
5、Rotation旋转手势
1
2
3
4
|
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
*
rotateRecognizer
=
[
[
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
alloc
]
initWithTarget
:
self
action
:
@
selector
(
handleRotate
:
)
]
;
[
snakeImageView
addGestureRecognizer
:
rotateRecognizer
]
;
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
-
(
void
)
handleRotate
:
(
UIRotationGestureRecognizer*
)
recognizer
{
recognizer
.
view
.
transform
=
CGAffineTransformRotate
(
recognizer
.
view
.
transform
,
recognizer
.
rotation
)
;
recognizer
.
rotation
=
0
;
}
|
添加了这几个手势后,运行看效果,程序中的imageView放了一个
/^\/^\
_|__| O|
\/ /~ \_/ \
\____|__________/ \
\_______ \
`\ \ \
| | \
/ / \
/ / \\
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / _—-_ \ \
/ / _-~ ~-_ | |
( ( _-~ _–_ ~-_ _/ |
\ ~-____-~ _-~ ~-_ ~-_-~ /
~-_ _-~ ~-_ _-~
~–______-~ ~-___-~
的图片,在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题,估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了,所以操作无效果。
建议在真机上运行这个手势。
在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧:
可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点,按住alt键,按下触摸板(不按下不行),这样就可以旋转和缩放了。
6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势
记住:一个手势只能添加到一个View,两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
|
-
(
void
)
viewDidLoad
{
[
super
viewDidLoad
]
;
UIImageView
*
snakeImageView
=
[
[
UIImageView
alloc
]
initWithImage
:
[
UIImage
imageNamed
:
@
"snake.png"
]
]
;
UIImageView
*
dragonImageView
=
[
[
UIImageView
alloc
]
initWithImage
:
[
UIImage
imageNamed
:
@
"dragon.png"
]
]
;
snakeImageView
.
frame
=
CGRectMake
(
120
,
120
,
100
,
160
)
;
dragonImageView
.
frame
=
CGRectMake
(
50
,
50
,
100
,
160
)
;
[
self
.
view
addSubview
:
snakeImageView
]
;
[
self
.
view
addSubview
:
dragonImageView
]
;
for
(
UIView
*
view
in
self
.
view
.
subviews
)
{
UIPanGestureRecognizer
*
panGestureRecognizer
=
[
[
UIPanGestureRecognizer
alloc
]
initWithTarget
:
self
action
:
@
selector
(
handlePan
:
)
]
;
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
*
pinchGestureRecognizer
=
[
[
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
alloc
]
initWithTarget
:
self
action
:
@
selector
(
handlePinch
:
)
]
;
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
*
rotateRecognizer
=
[
[
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
alloc
]
initWithTarget
:
self
action
:
@
selector
(
handleRotate
:
)
]
;
[
view
addGestureRecognizer
:
panGestureRecognizer
]
;
[
view
addGestureRecognizer
:
pinchGestureRecognizer
]
;
[
view
addGestureRecognizer
:
rotateRecognizer
]
;
[
view
setUserInteractionEnabled
:
YES
]
;
}
[
self
.
view
setBackgroundColor
:
[
UIColor
whiteColor
]
]
;
}
|
多添加了一条龙的view,两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下:
7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)
如何实现呢?
- 监视手势是否结束
- 监视触摸的速度
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
|
-
(
void
)
handlePan
:
(
UIPanGestureRecognizer*
)
recognizer
{
CGPoint
translation
=
[
recognizer
translationInView
:
self
.
view
]
;
recognizer
.
view
.
center
=
CGPointMake
(
recognizer
.
view
.
center
.
x
+
translation
.
x
,
recognizer
.
view
.
center
.
y
+
translation
.
y
)
;
[
recognizer
setTranslation
:
CGPointZero
inView
:
self
.
view
]
;
if
(
recognizer
.
state
==
UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
)
{
CGPoint
velocity
=
[
recognizer
velocityInView
:
self
.
view
]
;
CGFloat
magnitude
=
sqrtf
(
(
velocity
.
x
*
velocity
.
x
)
+
(
velocity
.
y
*
velocity
.
y
)
)
;
CGFloat
slideMult
=
magnitude
/
200
;
NSLog
(
@
"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f"
,
magnitude
,
slideMult
)
;
float
slideFactor
=
0.1
*
slideMult
;
// Increase for more of a slide
CGPoint
finalPoint
=
CGPointMake
(
recognizer
.
view
.
center
.
x
+
(
velocity
.
x
*
slideFactor
)
,
recognizer
.
view
.
center
.
y
+
(
velocity
.
y
*
slideFactor
)
)
;
finalPoint
.
x
=
MIN
(
MAX
(
finalPoint
.
x
,
0
)
,
self
.
view
.
bounds
.
size
.
width
)
;
finalPoint
.
y
=
MIN
(
MAX
(
finalPoint
.
y
,
0
)
,
self
.
view
.
bounds
.
size
.
height
)
;
[
UIView
animateWithDuration
:
slideFactor*
2
delay
:
0
options
:
UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut
animations
:
^
{
recognizer
.
view
.
center
=
finalPoint
;
}
completion
:
nil
]
;
}
|
代码实现解析:
- 计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。
- 如果速度向量小于200,那就会得到一个小于的小数,那么滑行会很短
- 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
- 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
- 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点
运行后,快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。
8、同时触发两个view的手势
手势之间是互斥的,如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view,那么需要实现协议UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,
1
2
|
@
interface
ViewController
:
UIViewController
<
UIGestureRecognizerDelegate
>
@
end
|
并在协议这个方法里返回YES。
1
2
3
4
|
-
(
BOOL
)
gestureRecognizer
:
(
UIGestureRecognizer
*
)
gestureRecognizer
shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer
:
(
UIGestureRecognizer
*
)
otherGestureRecognizer
{
return
YES
;
}
|
把self作为代理设置给手势:
1
2
3
|
panGestureRecognizer
.
delegate
=
self
;
pinchGestureRecognizer
.
delegate
=
self
;
rotateRecognizer
.
delegate
=
self
;
|
这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。
9、tap点击手势
这里为了方便看到tap的效果,当点击一下屏幕时,播放一个声音。
为了播放声音,我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
-
(
AVAudioPlayer
*
)
loadWav
:
(
NSString
*
)
filename
{
NSURL
*
url
=
[
[
NSBundle
mainBundle
]
URLForResource
:
filename
withExtension
:
@
"wav"
]
;
NSError
*
error
;
AVAudioPlayer
*
player
=
[
[
AVAudioPlayer
alloc
]
initWithContentsOfURL
:
url
error
:
&
error
]
;
if
(
!
player
)
{
NSLog
(
@
"Error loading %@: %@"
,
url
,
error
.
localizedDescription
)
;
}
else
{
[
player
prepareToPlay
]
;
}
return
player
;
}
|
我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码,添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@
interface
ViewController
:
UIViewController
<
UIGestureRecognizerDelegate
>
@
property
(
strong
)
AVAudioPlayer
*
chompPlayer
;
@
property
(
strong
)
AVAudioPlayer
*
hehePlayer
;
@
end
|
1
2
3
|
-
(
void
)
handleTap
:
(
UITapGestureRecognizer
*
)
recognizer
{
[
self
.
chompPlayer
play
]
;
}
|
运行,点一下某个图,就会播放一个咬东西的声音。
不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷,就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢?使用手势的:requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。
10、手势的依赖性
在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码:
1
|
[
tapRecognizer
requireGestureRecognizerToFail
:
panGestureRecognizer
]
;
|
意思就是,当如果pan手势失败,就是没发生拖动,才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动,那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。
11、自定义手势
自定义手势继承:UIGestureRecognizer,实现下面的方法:
1
2
3
4
|
–
touchesBegan
:
withEvent
:
–
touchesMoved
:
withEvent
:
–
touchesEnded
:
withEvent
:
-
touchesCancelled
:
withEvent
:
|
新建一个类,继承UIGestureRecognizer,代码如下:
.h文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
typedef
enum
{
DirectionUnknown
=
0
,
DirectionLeft
,
DirectionRight
}
Direction
;
@
interface
HappyGestureRecognizer
:
UIGestureRecognizer
@
property
(
assign
)
int
tickleCount
;
@
property
(
assign
)
CGPoint
curTickleStart
;
@
property
(
assign
)
Direction
lastDirection
;
@
end
|
.m文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
|
#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
#define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2
#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25
@
implementation
HappyGestureRecognizer
-
(
void
)
touchesBegan
:
(
NSSet
*
)
touches
withEvent
:
(
UIEvent
*
)
event
{
UITouch
*
touch
=
[
touches
anyObject
]
;
self
.
curTickleStart
=
[
touch
locationInView
:
self
.
view
]
;
}
-
(
void
)
touchesMoved
:
(
NSSet
*
)
touches
withEvent
:
(
UIEvent
*
)
event
{
// Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
UITouch
*
touch
=
[
touches
anyObject
]
;
CGPoint
ticklePoint
=
[
touch
locationInView
:
self
.
view
]
;
CGFloat
moveAmt
=
ticklePoint
.
x
-
self
.
curTickleStart
.
x
;
Direction
curDirection
;
if
(
moveAmt
<
0
)
{
curDirection
=
DirectionLeft
;
}
else
{
curDirection
=
DirectionRight
;
}
if
(
ABS
(
moveAmt
)
<
MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE
)
return
;
// 确认方向改变了
if
(
self
.
lastDirection
==
DirectionUnknown
||
(
self
.
lastDirection
==
DirectionLeft
&&
curDirection
==
DirectionRight
)
||
(
self
.
lastDirection
==
DirectionRight
&&
curDirection
==
DirectionLeft
)
)
{
// 挠痒次数
self
.
tickleCount
++
;
self
.
curTickleStart
=
ticklePoint
;
self
.
lastDirection
=
curDirection
;
// 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数,设置手势为结束状态
// 这样回调函数会被调用。
if
(
self
.
state
==
UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible
&&
self
.
tickleCount
>
REQUIRED_TICKLES
)
{
[
self
setState
:
UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
]
;
}
}
}
-
(
void
)
reset
{
self
.
tickleCount
=
0
;
self
.
curTickleStart
=
CGPointZero
;
self
.
lastDirection
=
DirectionUnknown
;
if
(
self
.
state
==
UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible
)
{
[
self
setState
:
UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed
]
;
}
}
-
(
void
)
touchesEnded
:
(
NSSet
*
)
touches
withEvent
:
(
UIEvent
*
)
event
{
[
self
reset
]
;
}
-
(
void
)
touchesCancelled
:
(
NSSet
*
)
touches
withEvent
:
(
UIEvent
*
)
event
{
[
self
reset
]
;
}
@
end
|
调用自定义手势和上面一样,回到这样写:
1
2
3
|
-
(
void
)
handleHappy
:
(
HappyGestureRecognizer
*
)
recognizer
{
[
self
.
hehePlayer
play
]
;
}
|