var
tag=′netty,it′;var
tag_code='0c7d37010b2b1948f445b1df9bccd5e3'; var
rquotebligid=′5c0522dd0101e262′;var
worldcup='0'; var $worldcupball='0'; 标签: nettyit | 分类: Java |
本文主要介绍如何通过Netty构建一个简单的http服务。
想要实现的目的是:
1、Client向Server发送http请求。
2、Server端对http请求进行解析。
3、Server端向client发送http响应。
4、Client对http响应进行解析。
在该实例中,会涉及到http请求的编码、解码,http响应的编码、解码,幸运的是,Netty已经为我们提供了这些工具,整个实例的逻辑图如下所示:
其中红色框中的4个类是Netty提供的,它们其实也是一种Handler,其中Encoder继承自ChannelOutboundHandler,Decoder继承自ChannelInboundHandler,它们的作用是:
1、HttpRequestEncoder:对httpRequest进行编码。
2、HttpRequestDecoder:把流数据解析为httpRequest。
3、HttpResponsetEncoder:对httpResponset进行编码。
4、HttpResponseEncoder:把流数据解析为httpResponse。
该实例涉及到的类有5个:HttpServer
1、HttpServer 启动http服务器
- package
com.guowl.testhttpprotocol; -
- import
io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; - import
io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; - import
io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; - import
io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; - import
io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder; -
- public
class HttpServer { -
public void start(int port) throws Exception { -
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // (1) -
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); -
try { -
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); // (2) -
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // (3) -
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() { // (4) -
@Override -
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { -
// server端发送的是httpResponse,所以要使用HttpResponseEncoder进行编码 -
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpResponseEncoder()); -
// server端接收到的是httpRequest,所以要使用HttpRequestDecoder进行解码 -
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpRequestDecoder()); -
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerInboundHandler ()); -
} -
}).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) // (5) -
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // (6) -
-
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // (7) -
-
f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); -
} finally { -
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); -
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); -
} -
} -
-
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { -
HttpServer server = new HttpServer(); -
server.start(8000); -
} - }
2、HttpServerInboundHandler
- package
com.guowl.testhttpprotocol; -
- import
static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION; - import
static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_LENGTH; - import
static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE; - import
static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.OK; - import
static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1; - import
io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; - import
io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAda pter; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Values; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest; -
- import
org.slf4j.Logger; - import
org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; -
- import
com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes; -
- public
class HttpServerInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAda pter { -
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpServerInboundHandler .class); -
private ByteBufToBytes reader; -
-
@Override -
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { -
if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) { -
HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) msg; -
System.out.println(”messageType:” + request.headers().get(“messageType”)); -
System.out.println(”businessType:” + request.headers().get(“businessType”)); -
if (HttpHeaders.isContentLengthSet(request)) { -
reader = new ByteBufToBytes((int) HttpHeaders.getContentLength(request)); -
} -
} -
-
if (msg instanceof HttpContent) { -
HttpContent httpContent = (HttpContent) msg; -
ByteBuf content = httpContent.content(); -
reader.reading(content); -
content.release(); -
-
if (reader.isEnd()) { -
String resultStr = new String(reader.readFull()); -
System.out.println(”Client said:” + resultStr); -
-
FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK, Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(“I am ok” -
.getBytes())); -
response.headers().set(CONTENT_TYPE, ”text/plain”); -
response.headers().set(CONTENT_LENGTH, response.content().readableBytes()); -
response.headers().set(CONNECTION, Values.KEEP_ALIVE); -
ctx.write(response); -
ctx.flush(); -
} -
} -
} -
-
@Override -
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { -
logger.info(”HttpServerInboundHandler .channelReadComplete”); -
ctx.flush(); -
} -
- }
3、HttpClient
- package
com.guowl.testhttpprotocol; -
- import
io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; - import
io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; - import
io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; - import
io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; - import
io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; - import
io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseDecoder; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion; -
- import
java.net.URI; -
- public
class HttpClient { -
public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception { -
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); -
-
try { -
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); // (1) -
b.group(workerGroup); // (2) -
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); // (3) -
b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // (4) -
b.handler(new ChannelInitializer() { -
@Override -
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { -
// 客户端接收到的是httpResponse响应,所以要使用HttpResponseDecoder进行解码 -
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpResponseDecoder()); -
// 客户端发送的是httprequest,所以要使用HttpRequestEncoder进行编码 -
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpRequestEncoder()); -
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientInboundHandler ()); -
} -
}); -
-
// Start the client. -
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); // (5) -
-
URI uri = new URI(“http://127.0.0.1:8000”); -
String msg = ”Are you ok?”; -
DefaultFullHttpRequest request = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.POST, -
uri.toASCIIString(), Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(msg.getBytes())); -
-
// 构建http请求 -
request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.HOST, host); -
request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION, HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE); -
request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_LENGTH, request.content().readableBytes()); -
request.headers().set(”messageType”, “normal”); -
request.headers().set(”businessType”, “testServerState”); -
// 发送http请求 -
f.channel().write(request); -
f.channel().flush(); -
f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); -
} finally { -
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); -
} -
-
} -
-
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { -
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); -
client.connect(”127.0.0.1”, 8000); -
} - }
4、HttpClientInboundHandler
对服务器的响应进行读取
- package
com.guowl.testhttpprotocol; -
- import
io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; - import
io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAda pter; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders; - import
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse; -
- import
com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes; -
- public
class HttpClientInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAda pter { -
private ByteBufToBytes reader; -
-
@Override -
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { -
if (msg instanceof HttpResponse) { -
HttpResponse response = (HttpResponse) msg; -
System.out.println(”CONTENT_TYPE:” + response.headers().get(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE)); -
if (HttpHeaders.isContentLengthSet(response)) { -
reader = new ByteBufToBytes((int) HttpHeaders.getContentLength(response)); -
} -
} -
-
if (msg instanceof HttpContent) { -
HttpContent httpContent = (HttpContent) msg; -
ByteBuf content = httpContent.content(); -
reader.reading(content); -
content.release(); -
-
if (reader.isEnd()) { -
String resultStr = new String(reader.readFull()); -
System.out.println(”Server said:” + resultStr); -
-
ctx.close(); -
} -
} -
} -
- }
5、ByteBufToBytes 读取NIO的工具类,可以一次性把ByteBuf的数据读取出来,也可以把多次ByteBuf中的数据统一读取出来。
- package
com.guowl.utils; -
- import
io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; - import
io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; -
- public
class ByteBufToBytes { -
private ByteBuf temp; -
-
private boolean end = true; -
-
public ByteBufToBytes(int length) { -
temp = Unpooled.buffer(length); -
} -
-
public void reading(ByteBuf datas) { -
datas.readBytes(temp, datas.readableBytes()); -
if (this.temp.writableBytes() != 0) { -
end = false; -
} else { -
end = true; -
} -
} -
-
public boolean isEnd() { -
return end; -
} -
-
public byte[] readFull() { -
if (end) { -
byte[] contentByte = new byte[this.temp.readableBytes()]; -
this.temp.readBytes(contentByte); -
this.temp.release(); -
return contentByte; -
} else { -
return null; -
} -
} -
-
public byte[] read(ByteBuf datas) { -
byte[] bytes = new byte[datas.readableBytes()]; -
datas.readBytes(bytes); -
return bytes; -
} - }
注意事项:
1、可以通过在Netty的Chanel中发送HttpRequest对象,完成发送http请求的要求,同时可以对HttpHeader进行设置。
2、可以通过HttpResponse发送http响应,同时可以对HttpHeader进行设置。
3、上面涉及到的http对象都是Netty自己封装的,不是标准的。