数据压缩 实验报告一

YUV转RGB实验原理

由电视原理可知，亮度和色差信号的构成如下：

 

Y＝0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B

 

R-Y＝0.7010R-0.5870G-0.1140B

 

B-Y＝-0.2990R-0.5870G+0.8860B

 

为了使色差信号的动态范围控制在0.5之间，需要进行归一化，对色差信号引入压缩系数。归一化后的色差信号为：

 

U＝-0.1684R-0.3316G+0.5B

 

V＝0.5R-0.4187G-0.0813B

易推得YUV到RGB空间的转换公式为：

R=Y+1.4075(V−128)

G=Y−0.3455(U−128)−0.7169(V−128)

B=Y+1.779(U−128)

色度格式

4:2:0格式是指色差信号U，V的取样频率为亮度信号取样频率的四分之一，在水平方向和垂直方向上的取样点数均为Y的一半。

RGB格式的视频按每个像素B、G、R的顺序储存数据；所占空间大小为Width*Height*Frame*3。

YUV格式的视频将整帧图像的Y打包存储，依次再存整帧的U、V，然后再是下一帧的数据；YUV格式按4:2:0取样的视频所占空间大小为Width*Height*Frame*1.5（Width*Height*Frame*+Width*Height*Frame*1/4+Width*Height*Frame*1/4）

将YUV文件转换为RGB文件后，由于RGB文件的颜色是8bit量化，则数值不在0-255范围内的颜色会出现溢出。因此需对R,G,B做是否溢出的判断，超过255的就令其显示为255，小于0的就令其显示为0.

实验流程

1为两个文件开辟缓冲区。

2读取yuv文件，并写入。

3通过调用函数YUV2RGB将YUV文件转化为RGB文件。

4将RGB缓存写入文件中。

5释放缓冲区。

关键代码及其分析

main函数

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <malloc.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"

#define u_int8_t	unsigned __int8  //一个字节
#define u_int		unsigned __int32  //4个字节
#define u_int32_t	unsigned __int32
#define FALSE		false
#define TRUE		true
//为了防止不同编译系统的int语法不同
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	/* variables controlable from command line */
	u_int frameWidth = 352;			/* --width=<uint> */
	u_int frameHeight = 240;		/* --height=<uint> */
	bool flip = TRUE;				/* --flip */
	unsigned int i;

	/* internal variables */
	char* rgbFileName = NULL;
	char* yuvFileName = NULL;
	FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
	FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
	u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
	u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;

	/* begin process command line */
	/* point to the specified file names */
	yuvFileName = argv[1];
	rgbFileName = argv[2];

	frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);   //将字符型的256转换成整型
	frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);

	/* open the YUV file */
	yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "rb");
	if (yuvFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The input yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
	}

	/* open the RGB file */
	rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "wb");
	if (rgbFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The output rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
	}

	/* get an input buffer for a frame */
	rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);  // 向系统申请分配指定(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3)个字节的内存空间,并用指针rgbBuf指向它

	/* get the output buffers for a frame */
	yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
	uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
	vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);

	if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL) //判断buffer是否已满
	{
		printf("no enought memory\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	while (fread(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile)
		&& fread(uBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight / 4, yuvFile) 
		&& fread(vBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight / 4, yuvFile))
	{
		//若fread读入成功，则返回十几读取的数据量个数。若视频结束，fread读取失败则返回0，循环结束。
		if (YUV2RGB(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
		{
			printf("error");
			return 0;
		}
		fwrite(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, rgbFile);


		printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
	}

	printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n",
		videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);



	/* cleanup */

	fclose(rgbFile);
	fclose(yuvFile);

	if(rgbBuf!=NULL) free(rgbBuf);
	if (yBuf != NULL)free(yBuf);
	if (uBuf != NULL)free(uBuf);
	if (vBuf != NULL)free(vBuf);

	return(0);
}

yuv2rgb.cpp

/**************************************************************************
*                                                                        *
* This code is developed by Adam Li.  This software is an                *
* implementation of a part of one or more MPEG-4 Video tools as          *
* specified in ISO/IEC 14496-2 standard.  Those intending to use this    *
* software module in hardware or software products are advised that its  *
* use may infringe existing patents or copyrights, and any such use      *
* would be at such party's own risk.  The original developer of this     *
* software module and his/her company, and subsequent editors and their  *
* companies (including Project Mayo), will have no liability for use of  *
* this software or modifications or derivatives thereof.                 *
*                                                                        *
* Project Mayo gives users of the Codec a license to this software       *
* module or modifications thereof for use in hardware or software        *
* products claiming conformance to the MPEG-4 Video Standard as          *
* described in the Open DivX license.                                    *
*                                                                        *
* The complete Open DivX license can be found at                         *
* http://www.projectmayo.com/opendivx/license.php .                      *
*                                                                        *
**************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************
*
*  rgb2yuv.c, 24-bit RGB bitmap to YUV converter
*
*  Copyright (C) 2001  Project Mayo
*
*  Adam Li
*
*  DivX Advance Research Center <darc@projectmayo.com>
*
**************************************************************************/

/* This file contains RGB to YUV transformation functions.                */

#include "stdlib.h"
#include "yuv2rgb.h"

static float YUVRGB14075[256];
static float YUVRGB03455[256], YUVRGB07169[256];
static float YUVRGB1779[256];

int YUV2RGB(int width, int height, void *rgb_out, void *y_in, void *u_in, void *v_in, int flip)
{
	static int init_done = 0;

	long i, j, size;
	float r1, g1, b1;
	unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
	unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
	unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer, *rgb_buffer;
	unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;

	if (init_done == 0)
	{
		InitLookupTable();
		init_done = 1;
	}

	// 检查width和height能否被2除尽
	if ((width % 2) || (height % 2)) return 1;
	size = width*height;

	// allocate memory分配内存
	y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_in;
	u_buffer = (unsigned char *)u_in;
	v_buffer = (unsigned char *)v_in;
	rgb_buffer = (unsigned char *)rgb_out;
	sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(size);
	sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(size);

	for (i = 0; i<height; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j<width; j++)
		{
			*(sub_u_buf + i*width + j) = *(u_buffer + (i / 2)*(width / 2) + j / 2);
			*(sub_v_buf + i*width + j) = *(v_buffer + (i / 2)*(width / 2) + j / 2);
		}
	}

	b = rgb_buffer;//RGB格式文件储存时顺序为倒序
	y = y_buffer;
	u = sub_u_buf;
	v = sub_v_buf;

	// convert YUV to RGB    
	for (i = 0; i<height; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j<width; j++)
		{
			g = b + 1;
			r = b + 2;
			r1 = *y + YUVRGB14075[*v];
			g1 = *y - YUVRGB03455[*u] - YUVRGB07169[*v];
			b1 = *y + YUVRGB1779[*u];
			*r = (r1>0 ? (r1>255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)r1) : 0);
			*g = (g1>0 ? (g1>255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)g1) : 0);
			*b = (b1>0 ? (b1>255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)b1) : 0);
			b = b + 3;
			y++;
			u++;
			v++;
		}
	}
		if (sub_u_buf!=NULL) free(sub_u_buf);
		if (sub_v_buf!=NULL) free(sub_v_buf);



	return 0;
}


void InitLookupTable()
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB14075[i] = (float)1.4075 * (i - 128);
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB03455[i] = (float)0.3455 * (i - 128);
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB07169[i] = (float)0.7169 * (i - 128);
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB1779[i] = (float)1.779 * (i - 128);

}

打开项目属性窗口，通过设置工作目录、命令参数完成主函数的参数输入。

原YUV文件和生成的RGB重新转化成的YUV文件进行对比

实验结果

经过两次转化后的YUV文件与原YUV文件基本一致。