built-in funcitons raw_input([String]) range(int,[int],[int]) keyword lambda: small anonymous function control flow: if,elif,else ( no switch in python) for x in a; for x in a[:]; it iterates aan array while break,continue pass Define Functions: local variable, global variable, global statment arguments are passed call by value, where the value is always an object reference, not the value of the object default argument values keyword arguments *arguments : arbitrary number of arguments, unpacking argument lists **keywords: a dictionary containing all keyword arguments except those corresponding to a formal parameter