django admin自定义

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-03 07:30:00 发布

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本文介绍如何通过自定义Django的Admin界面来改善用户体验，包括调整UI界面、增加自定义视图、实现行级别权限控制等高级功能。

自定义 Django admin

核心观点

UI是很重要的。
考虑初学者，DashBoard。
导航。
用户工作流。
Django admin 缺少 WYSIWYG，文件管理，undo。

建议

了解用户的行业和工作流。
了解客户团队中的各个不同角色。
使用客户习语。
了解之前使用的工具，及其优缺点。

实现

ModelAdmin Media

class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    class Media:
        css = {
            "all": ("my_styles.css",)
        }
        js = ("my_code.js",)

优点：对于“一次性”项目简单。
缺点：只对Change Form有效。

Custom Templates

关键模板

admin/base.html
admin/index.html
admin/change_form.html
admin/change_list.html

app_index.html
delete_confirmation.html

object_history.html

覆盖范围

Across an entire project
admin/change_form.html
Across an application
admin/<my_app>/change_form.html
For an individual model
admin/<my_app>/<my_model>/change_form.html

例如：

{% extends "admin/change_list.html" %}
{% block object-tools %}
    <h1 class="errornote">
        Look Here!
    </h1>
    {{ block.super }}
{% endblock %}

自定义模板的建议：

Extend, don't override
Use {{ block.super }} to extend blocks
Extend a symlink of the admin templates in the event of recursion
Extend the extrahead block in base.html for admin-wide media

已有项目：

http://code.google.com/p/sorl-curator/
http://code.google.com/p/django-grappelli/

ModelAdmin/ModelForm Hacking

注册ModelAdmin

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from demo_app.models import UserProfile
class UserProfileInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = UserProfile
    fk_name = 'user'
    max_num = 1
class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    inlines = [UserProfileInline, ]
admin.site.unregister(User)
admin.site.register(User, CustomUserAdmin)

行级别的权限

class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def save_model(self, request, obj, form,
                                         change):
    obj.user = request.user
    obj.save()
def queryset(self, request):
    qs = self.model._default_manager.filter(user=request.user)
    return qs

ModelForm

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):
    exclude_states = ['AS', 'GU', 'MP', 'VI',]
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(AuthorForm, self).__init__(*args,
                                      **kwargs)
        w = self.fields['state'].widget
        choices = []
        for key, value in w.choices:
            if key not in self.exclude_states:
                choices.append((key, value))
        w.choices = choices
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    form = AuthorForm

Custom Views

Custom View URL

class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def my_view(self, request):
        return admin_my_view(request, self)
    def get_urls(self):
        urls = super(PostAdmin, self).get_urls()
        my_urls = patterns('',
            (r'^my_view/$', self.my_view)
        )
        return my_urls + urls

Custom View

@permission_required('blog.add_post')
def admin_my_view(request, model_admin):
    opts = model_admin.model._meta
    admin_site = model_admin.admin_site
    has_perm = request.user.has_perm(opts.app_label /
                  + '.' + opts.get_change_permission())
    context = {'admin_site': admin_site.name,
        'title': "My Custom View",
        'opts': opts,
        'root_path': '/%s' % admin_site.root_path,
        'app_label': opts.app_label,
        'has_change_permission': has_perm}
    template = 'admin/demo_app/admin_my_view.html'
    return render_to_response(template, context,
              context_instance=RequestContext(request))

Custom View Template

{% extends "admin/base_site.html" %}
{% load i18n %}
{% block breadcrumbs %}
<div class="breadcrumbs">
    <a href="../../../">{% trans "Home" %}</a> &rsaquo;
    <a href="../../">{{ app_label|capfirst|
escape }}</a> &rsaquo;
    {% if has_change_permission %}<a
href="../">{{ opts.verbose_name_plural|
capfirst }}</a>{% else %}{{ opts.verbose_name_plural|
capfirst }}{% endif %} &rsaquo; My Custom View
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    
{% endblock %}

Django的内置模板

base.html

<head>
   <title> {% block title %}{% endblock %} </title>
   {% block extrastyle %}{% endblock %}
   {% block extrahead %}{% endblock %}
</head>
{% load i18n %}
<body class="{% if is_popup %}popup {% endif %}{% block bodyclass %}{% endblock %}">

<div id="container">
    <div id="header">
        <div id="branding">
         {% block branding %}{% endblock %}
        </div>
        {% block nav-global %}{% endblock %}
    </div>
    
    {% block breadcrumbs %}<div class="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">{% trans 'Home' %}</a>{% if title %} &rsaquo; {{ title }}{% endif %}</div>{% endblock %}

    
    <div id="content" class="{% block coltype %}colM{% endblock %}">
        {% block pretitle %}{% endblock %}
        {% block content_title %}{% if title %}<h1>{{ title }}</h1>{% endif %}{% endblock %}
        {% block content %}
            {% block object-tools %}{% endblock %}
        {{ content }}
        {% endblock %}
        {% block sidebar %}{% endblock %}
        <br class="clear" />
    </div>
    

    {% block footer %}<div id="footer"></div>{% endblock %}
</div>


</body>

base_site.html

{% extends "admin/base.html" %}
{% load i18n %}

{% block title %}{{ title }} | {% trans 'Django site admin' %}{% endblock %}

{% block branding %}
<h1 id="site-name">
{% trans 'Customized Admin' %}
</h1>
{% endblock %}

{% block dashboard %}

{% endblock %}

{% block nav-global %}{% endblock %}