IllegalAccessException: Class A can not access a member of class B 的一种原因分析与解决

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class A can not access a member of class B 的一种原因分析与解决

我在使用到一个java fluent api工具时遇到这个问题，出现异常后调用栈如下。

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class com.fluentinterface.proxy.BuilderProxy can not access a member of class zk.curator.Person with modifiers "public"
    at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Reflection.java:102)
    at java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.slowCheckMemberAccess(AccessibleObject.java:296)
    at java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkAccess(AccessibleObject.java:288)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:413)
    at com.fluentinterface.proxy.BuilderProxy.createInstanceFromProperties(BuilderProxy.java:79)
    at com.fluentinterface.proxy.BuilderProxy.invoke(BuilderProxy.java:56)

最后抛出了IllegalAccessException异常，这个异常的定义如下。

An IllegalAccessException is thrown when an application tries to reflectively create an instance (other than an array),
set or get a field, or invoke a method, but the currently executing method does not have access to the definition of the specified class,
field, method or constructor.

从异常定义可以看出，由于通过反射的机制创建实例，由于没有权限访问类，域，方法构造器而产生该异常。

通过抛出的异常可以看出，在调用sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess检查访问权限时抛出异常。

if (!verifyMemberAccess(currentClass, memberClass, target, modifiers)) {
             throw new IllegalAccessException("Class " + currentClass.getName() +
                                             " can not access a member of class " +
                                             memberClass.getName() +
                                              " with modifiers \"" +
                                             Modifier.toString(modifiers) +
                                             "\"");
}

该方法内部由于调用verifyMemberAccess，且未满足条件时抛出了异常。

 public static boolean  verifyMemberAccess(Class currentClass,
                                             // Declaring class of field
                                             // or method
                                             Class  memberClass,
                                             // May be NULL in case of statics
                                             Object target,
                                             int    modifiers)
{
        // Verify that currentClass can access a field, method, or
        // constructor of memberClass, where that member's access bits are
        // "modifiers".

        boolean gotIsSameClassPackage = false;
        boolean isSameClassPackage = false;

        if (currentClass == memberClass) {
            // Always succeeds
            return true;
        }

        if (!Modifier.isPublic(getClassAccessFlags(memberClass))) {
            isSameClassPackage = isSameClassPackage(currentClass, memberClass);
            gotIsSameClassPackage = true;
            if (!isSameClassPackage) {
                return false;
            }

        ......略
 }

可以看到verifyMemberAccess会检查所创建的类是访问描述符是否是public，若不是public，那么检查所创建的类与调用类是否在同一个包下，如果不在同一个包下则返回false。而我在练习使用fluent api 工具时，所定义的类XXX为并不是public，而且和工具类不在一个包下，因此导致IllegalAccessException异常的产生。

 class XXX{

 }

最后将类修改为public问题解决。可以想到，做这样的检查是为了确保对目标类有权限访问。

参考：

[1] sun.reflect.* 源码, http://grepcode.com/file/repository.grepcode.com/java/root/jdk/openjdk/6-b27/sun/reflect/Reflection.java#Reflection.verifyMemberAccess%28java.lang.Class%2Cjava.lang.Class%2Cjava.lang.Object%2Cint%29