anrdoid iic

摘自:http://blog.csdn.net/rickbeyond/article/details/7839245

 

Android平台读写i2c设备开发笔记一
分类: android开发 2012-08-07 14:56 297人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报

在android开发和移植过程中,有时需要对某设备进行读写,但系统可能并未提供相应的服务。我们就需要自己开发硬件访问服务来控制设备。下面的例子是读写最简单的i2c设备eeprom的流程, i2c的驱动编写有两种方式,一种是利用系统提供的i2c-dev.c来实现一个i2c适配器的设备文件,然后通过在应用层操作I2C适配器来控制I2C设备;另一种是为I2C从设备独立编写一个设备驱动,不需要i2c-dev.c文件。由于前者比较简单通用性强,我们采用前者来展开。

根据android层次划分,我们照例对开发分为如下几步:

1. 添加HAL层接口模块访问设备

2. 使用JNI在应用程序框架层添加服务访问接口

3. 使用服务接口api开发应用程序


一. 添加HAL层接口模块访问设备

首先确认物理设备正常。根据开发板说明书获知设备挂载在/dev/i2c-1上,检测到该设备的存在,则通用设备驱动正常。

eeprom设备为at24c**系列,根据说明书获知设备从地址为0x50,准备工作完毕。

1. 编写hal层接口模块头文件iic.h

进入源码根目录下hardware/libhardware/include/hardware目录新建iic.h,代码如下:


[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
#ifndef ANDROID_IIC_INTERFACE_H
#define ANDROID_IIC_INTERFACE_H
#include <hardware/hardware.h>
__BEGIN_DECLS
/*定义模块ID*/
#define IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID "iic"
/*硬件模块结构体*/
struct iic_module_t {
struct hw_module_t common;
};
/*硬件接口结构体*/
struct iic_device_t {
struct hw_device_t common;
int fd;
int (*iic_write)(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, unsigned short subAddr, int len);
int (*iic_read)(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, int len);
};
__END_DECLS
#endif

#ifndef ANDROID_IIC_INTERFACE_H  
    #define ANDROID_IIC_INTERFACE_H  
    #include <hardware/hardware.h>  
      
    __BEGIN_DECLS  
      
    /*定义模块ID*/  
    #define IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID "iic"  
      
    /*硬件模块结构体*/  
    struct iic_module_t {  
        struct hw_module_t common;  
    };  
      
    /*硬件接口结构体*/  
    struct iic_device_t {  
        struct hw_device_t common;  
        int fd;  
        int (*iic_write)(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, unsigned short subAddr, int len);  
        int (*iic_read)(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, int len);  
    };  
      
    __END_DECLS  
      
    #endif


 

这里定义了iic_write和iic_read两个接口,头文件按照hal规范编写。

2. 编写hal层接口模块文件

进入源码根目录下hardware/libhardware/modules目录新建iic目录,并在iic目录中添加iic.c,代码如下:


[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
#include <hardware/hardware.h>
#include <hardware/iic.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <cutils/log.h>
#include <cutils/atomic.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include<linux/i2c.h>
#include<linux/i2c-dev.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <hardware/hardware.h>  
#include <hardware/iic.h>  
#include <fcntl.h>  
#include <errno.h>  
#include <cutils/log.h>  
#include <cutils/atomic.h> 
#include <stdio.h>
#include<linux/i2c.h>
#include<linux/i2c-dev.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <string.h>


[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14px">#define DEVICE_NAME "/dev/i2c-1"
#define MODULE_NAME "iic"
#define MODULE_AUTHOR "mfayz@sohu.com"
#define I2C_RETRIES 0x0701/* number of times a device address should be polled when not acknowledging */
#define I2C_TIMEOUT 0x0702/* set timeout in units of 10 ms */
#define I2C_RDWR 0x0707
/*********定义struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data和struct i2c_msg,要和内核一致*******/
struct i2c_msg
{
unsigned short addr;
unsigned short flags;
#define I2C_M_TEN 0x0010
#define I2C_M_RD 0x0001
unsigned short len;
unsigned char *buf;
};
struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data {
struct i2c_msg *msgs;/* pointers to i2c_msgs */
int nmsgs; /* number of i2c_msgs */
};
/*设备打开和关闭接口*/
static int iic_device_open(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* name, struct hw_device_t** device);
static int iic_device_close(struct hw_device_t* device);
/*设备访问接口*/
static int iic_write(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, unsigned short subAddr, int len);
static int iic_read(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, int len);
/*模块方法表*/
static struct hw_module_methods_t iic_module_methods = {
open: iic_device_open
};
struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data iic_data;
int ret;
/*模块实例变量*/
struct iic_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
common: {
tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
version_major: 1,
version_minor: 0,
id: IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
name: MODULE_NAME,
author: MODULE_AUTHOR,
methods: &iic_module_methods, //实现了一个open的方法供jni层调用,从而实例化eeprom_device_t
}
};
static int iic_device_open(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* name, struct hw_device_t** device){
struct iic_device_t* dev;
dev = (struct iic_device_t*)malloc(sizeof(struct iic_device_t));
if(!dev) {
LOGE("iic Stub: failed to alloc space");
return -EFAULT;
}else{
LOGE("hal: alloc space succ!");
}
memset(dev, 0, sizeof(struct iic_device_t));
dev->common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
dev->common.version = 0;
dev->common.module = (hw_module_t*)module;
dev->common.close = iic_device_close;
dev->iic_write = iic_write;
dev->iic_read = iic_read;
*device = &dev->common; //将实例化后的iic_device_t地址返回给jni层,这样jni层就可以直接调用方法了。
if((dev->fd = open(DEVICE_NAME, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
LOGE("iic Stub hal: failed to open /dev/i2c-1 -- %s.", strerror(errno));
free(dev);
return -EFAULT;
}else{
LOGI("iic Stub hal: open /dev/i2c-1 successfully.");
iic_data.nmsgs=2;
iic_data.msgs=(struct i2c_msg*)malloc(iic_data.nmsgs*sizeof(struct i2c_msg));
if(!iic_data.msgs){
LOGE("malloc error");
close(dev->fd);
exit(1);
}
ioctl(dev->fd, I2C_TIMEOUT, 2);//设置超时时间
ioctl(dev->fd, I2C_RETRIES, 1);//设置重发次数
}
return 0;
}
static int iic_device_close(struct hw_device_t* device) {
struct iic_device_t* iic_device = (struct iic_device_t*)device;
if(iic_device) {
close(iic_device->fd);
free(iic_device);
}
return 0;
}
static int iic_write(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, unsigned short subAddr, int len) {
int count = 0;
unsigned char data[2];
unsigned char bytes;
LOGI("iic Stub hal: set value %s to device.", dataBuf);
iic_data.nmsgs=1;
(iic_data.msgs[0]).len=2; //写入地址位和数据长度
(iic_data.msgs[0]).addr=slaveAddr;// 设备地址0x50
(iic_data.msgs[0]).flags=0; //write
(iic_data.msgs[0]).buf=(unsigned char*)malloc(2);
while(count<len){
bytes = 0;
data[bytes++] = subAddr;//先写子地址
data[bytes] = dataBuf[count];//再写value
LOGI("IIC write HAL: %x,%x", data[0],data[1]);
(iic_data.msgs[0]).buf=data;//the data to write
ret=ioctl(dev->fd,I2C_RDWR,(unsigned long)&iic_data);
if(ret<0){
LOGI("IIC HAL ioctl error");
}
count++;
subAddr++;
usleep(3000);//延迟3毫秒
}
LOGI("you have write %s into iic at %x address len: %d",dataBuf, subAddr, len);
return 0;
}
static int iic_read(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, int len){
int count = 0;
iic_data.nmsgs=1;
(iic_data.msgs[0]).len=1;
(iic_data.msgs[0]).addr=slaveAddr; // 设备地址
(iic_data.msgs[0]).flags=I2C_M_RD;//read
(iic_data.msgs[0]).buf=(unsigned char*)malloc(1);
while(count<len){
(iic_data.msgs[0]).buf= dataBuf++;
if(ioctl(dev->fd,I2C_RDWR,(unsigned long)&iic_data)<0){
LOGE("ioctl read error");
}
LOGI("IIC read HAL: %x", dataBuf[count]);
count++;
}
return 0;
}</SPAN>

#define DEVICE_NAME "/dev/i2c-1"  
#define MODULE_NAME "iic"  
#define MODULE_AUTHOR "mfayz@sohu.com"  


#define I2C_RETRIES 0x0701/* number of times a device address should be polled when not acknowledging */
#define I2C_TIMEOUT 0x0702/* set timeout in units of 10 ms */
#define I2C_RDWR         0x0707


/*********定义struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data和struct i2c_msg,要和内核一致*******/
struct i2c_msg
       {
         unsigned short addr;
         unsigned short flags;
         #define I2C_M_TEN 0x0010
         #define I2C_M_RD 0x0001
         unsigned short len;
         unsigned char *buf;
       };


struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data {
struct i2c_msg *msgs;/* pointers to i2c_msgs */
int nmsgs; /* number of i2c_msgs */
}; 


    /*设备打开和关闭接口*/  
static int iic_device_open(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* name, struct hw_device_t** device);  
static int iic_device_close(struct hw_device_t* device);  
      
    /*设备访问接口*/  
static int iic_write(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, unsigned short subAddr, int len);  
static int iic_read(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, int len); 
    
    /*模块方法表*/  
static struct hw_module_methods_t iic_module_methods = {  
        open: iic_device_open  
};  


struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data iic_data;
int ret;


    /*模块实例变量*/  
struct iic_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {  
        common: {  
            tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,  
            version_major: 1,  
            version_minor: 0,  
            id: IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,  
            name: MODULE_NAME,  
            author: MODULE_AUTHOR,  
            methods: &iic_module_methods, //实现了一个open的方法供jni层调用,从而实例化eeprom_device_t 
        }  
};  


static int iic_device_open(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* name, struct hw_device_t** device){  
    struct iic_device_t* dev;
    dev = (struct iic_device_t*)malloc(sizeof(struct iic_device_t));  
    if(!dev) {  
        LOGE("iic Stub: failed to alloc space");  
        return -EFAULT;  
    }else{
LOGE("hal: alloc space succ!");
    }  
  
    memset(dev, 0, sizeof(struct iic_device_t));  
    dev->common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;  
    dev->common.version = 0;  
    dev->common.module = (hw_module_t*)module;  
    dev->common.close = iic_device_close;  
    dev->iic_write = iic_write;
    dev->iic_read = iic_read;
    *device = &dev->common;     //将实例化后的iic_device_t地址返回给jni层,这样jni层就可以直接调用方法了。


    if((dev->fd = open(DEVICE_NAME, O_RDWR)) == -1) {  
        LOGE("iic Stub hal: failed to open /dev/i2c-1 -- %s.", strerror(errno));
free(dev);  
        return -EFAULT;  
    }else{    
        LOGI("iic Stub hal: open /dev/i2c-1 successfully."); 
iic_data.nmsgs=2; 
iic_data.msgs=(struct i2c_msg*)malloc(iic_data.nmsgs*sizeof(struct i2c_msg)); 


if(!iic_data.msgs){
                LOGE("malloc error");
close(dev->fd);
                exit(1);
        }
ioctl(dev->fd, I2C_TIMEOUT, 2);//设置超时时间
        ioctl(dev->fd, I2C_RETRIES, 1);//设置重发次数
    }
    return 0;  
} 


static int iic_device_close(struct hw_device_t* device) {  
        struct iic_device_t* iic_device = (struct iic_device_t*)device;  
      
        if(iic_device) {  
            close(iic_device->fd);  
            free(iic_device);  
        }  
          
        return 0;  
}  
      
static int iic_write(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, unsigned short subAddr, int len) {
int count = 0;
unsigned char data[2];
unsigned char bytes;


        LOGI("iic Stub hal: set value %s to device.", dataBuf); 
iic_data.nmsgs=1; 
        (iic_data.msgs[0]).len=2; //写入地址位和数据长度
        (iic_data.msgs[0]).addr=slaveAddr;// 设备地址0x50
        (iic_data.msgs[0]).flags=0; //write
        (iic_data.msgs[0]).buf=(unsigned char*)malloc(2);
while(count<len){
 bytes = 0;
 data[bytes++] =  subAddr;//先写子地址 
 data[bytes]   = dataBuf[count];//再写value
          LOGI("IIC write HAL: %x,%x", data[0],data[1]);
          (iic_data.msgs[0]).buf=data;//the data to write 
          ret=ioctl(dev->fd,I2C_RDWR,(unsigned long)&iic_data);
          if(ret<0){
             LOGI("IIC HAL ioctl error");
          }
          count++;
 subAddr++;
 usleep(3000);//延迟3毫秒
        } 
      LOGI("you have write %s into iic at %x address len: %d",dataBuf, subAddr, len);

        return 0;  
}  
      
static int iic_read(struct iic_device_t* dev, unsigned char* dataBuf, unsigned short slaveAddr, int len){  
      int count = 0;
      
      iic_data.nmsgs=1;
      
      (iic_data.msgs[0]).len=1; 
      (iic_data.msgs[0]).addr=slaveAddr; //  设备地址
      (iic_data.msgs[0]).flags=I2C_M_RD;//read
      (iic_data.msgs[0]).buf=(unsigned char*)malloc(1);
      while(count<len){
         (iic_data.msgs[0]).buf= dataBuf++;
if(ioctl(dev->fd,I2C_RDWR,(unsigned long)&iic_data)<0){
                        LOGE("ioctl read error");
         }
LOGI("IIC read HAL: %x", dataBuf[count]);
count++;
      } 
      
        return 0; 
}


 

注意:需打开设备/dev/i2c-1权限,否则会碰到Pemission Denied错误。从源码根目录下进入system/core/rootdir目录,打开ueventd.rc 添加一行:/dev/i2c-1 0666 root root (这里设备各开发板可能不同)

3. 在iic目录下编写android.mk进行编译


[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
LOCAL_PRELINK_MODULE := false
LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES)/hw
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iic.c
LOCAL_MODULE := iic.default
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
      include $(CLEAR_VARS)
      LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
      LOCAL_PRELINK_MODULE := false
      LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES)/hw
      LOCAL_SRC_FILES := iic.c
      LOCAL_MODULE := iic.default
      include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)


 

编译命令:mmm -B hardware/libhardware/module/iic 编译成功会得到iic.default.so,打包进img默认会被加载。


(待续)

Android平台读写i2c设备开发笔记二
分类: android开发 2012-08-07 16:43 758人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报

二、 使用JNI在应用程序框架层添加服务访问接口

APP应用不能直接访问HAL层,需要JNI层访问HAL模块并向上提供API接口。可以直接提供接口,但建议最好使用服务的方式提供访问。

我们先看JNI如何访问刚才的HAL模块。

进入源码根目录下的frameworks/base/service/jni目录,新建com_android_server_IICService.cpp,代码如下:


[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
#include "jni.h"
#include "JNIHelp.h"
#include "android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h"
#include <utils/misc.h>
#include <cutils/log.h>
#include <hardware/hardware.h>
#include <hardware/iic.h>
#include <stdio.h>
namespace android
{
/*在硬件抽象层中定义的硬件访问结构体,参考<hardware/iic.h>*/
struct iic_device_t* iic_device = NULL;
/*通过硬件抽象层定义的硬件访问接口设置硬件寄存器val的值*/
static void iic_setVal(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring val, jint slaveAddr, jint subAddr, jint len) {
const char *str = env->GetStringUTFChars(val, NULL);
LOGI("iic JNI: set value %s to device.", str);
if(!iic_device) {
LOGI("iic JNI: device is not open.");
return;
}
iic_device->iic_write(iic_device, (unsigned char*)str, slaveAddr, subAddr, len);
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(val, str); //注意释放资源
}
/*通过硬件抽象层定义的硬件访问接口读取硬件寄存器val的值*/
static jstring iic_getVal(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint slaveAddr, jint len) {
unsigned char* data = (unsigned char*)malloc(len);
iic_device->iic_read(iic_device, data, slaveAddr, len);
if(!iic_device) {
LOGI("iic JNI: device is not open.");
}
int i = 0;
for(;i<strlen((const char*)data);i++){
LOGI("data: %c ", data[i]);
}
//LOGI("iic JNI: get value %s from device @ %x address!", data, subAddr);
jstring tmp = env->NewStringUTF((const char*)data);
free(data);
data = NULL;
return tmp;
}
/*通过硬件抽象层定义的硬件模块open接口打开硬件设备*/
static inline int iic_device_open(const hw_module_t* module, struct iic_device_t** device) {
return module->methods->open(module, IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, (struct hw_device_t**)device);
}
/*通过硬件模块ID来加载指定的硬件抽象层模块并打开硬件*/
static jboolean iic_init(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
iic_module_t* module;
LOGI("iic JNI: initializing......");
if(hw_get_module(IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, (const struct hw_module_t**)&module) == 0) {
LOGI("iic JNI: iic Stub found.");
if(iic_device_open(&(module->common), &iic_device) == 0) {
LOGI("eeprom JNI: iic device is opening...");
return 0;
}
LOGE("eeprom JNI: failed to open iic device.");
return -1;
}
LOGE("eeprom JNI: failed to get iic stub module.");
return -1;
}
/*JNI方法表*/
static const JNINativeMethod method_table[] = {
{"init_native", "()Z", (void*)iic_init},
{"setVal_native", "(Ljava/lang/String;III)V", (void*)iic_setVal},
{"getVal_native", "(III)Ljava/lang/String;", (void*)iic_getVal},
};
/*注册JNI方法*/
int register_android_server_IICService(JNIEnv *env) {
return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/IICService", method_table, NELEM(method_table));
}
};

#include "jni.h"  
#include "JNIHelp.h"  
#include "android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h"  
#include <utils/misc.h>  
#include <cutils/log.h>  
#include <hardware/hardware.h>  
#include <hardware/iic.h>  
#include <stdio.h>

namespace android  
{  
    /*在硬件抽象层中定义的硬件访问结构体,参考<hardware/iic.h>*/  
        struct iic_device_t* iic_device = NULL;  
    /*通过硬件抽象层定义的硬件访问接口设置硬件寄存器val的值*/  
    static void iic_setVal(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring val, jint slaveAddr, jint subAddr, jint len) {  
        const char *str = env->GetStringUTFChars(val, NULL);  
        LOGI("iic JNI: set value %s to device.", str);  
        if(!iic_device) {  
            LOGI("iic JNI: device is not open.");  
            return;  
        }  
        iic_device->iic_write(iic_device, (unsigned char*)str, slaveAddr, subAddr, len);  
	env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(val, str);  //注意释放资源
    }  

       /*通过硬件抽象层定义的硬件访问接口读取硬件寄存器val的值*/  
    static jstring iic_getVal(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint slaveAddr, jint len) {
	unsigned char* data = (unsigned char*)malloc(len);
	iic_device->iic_read(iic_device, data, slaveAddr, len);
        if(!iic_device) {  
            LOGI("iic JNI: device is not open.");  
        }
	int i = 0;
	for(;i<strlen((const char*)data);i++){
	  LOGI("data: %c ", data[i]);
	}  
        //LOGI("iic JNI: get value %s from device @ %x address!", data, subAddr);
	jstring tmp = env->NewStringUTF((const char*)data);
	free(data);
	data = NULL;
	return tmp;   
    } 
  
        /*通过硬件抽象层定义的硬件模块open接口打开硬件设备*/  
    static inline int iic_device_open(const hw_module_t* module, struct iic_device_t** device) {  
        return module->methods->open(module, IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, (struct hw_device_t**)device);  
    }  
        /*通过硬件模块ID来加载指定的硬件抽象层模块并打开硬件*/  
    static jboolean iic_init(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {  
        iic_module_t* module;  
          
        LOGI("iic JNI: initializing......");  
        if(hw_get_module(IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, (const struct hw_module_t**)&module) == 0) {  
            LOGI("iic JNI: iic Stub found.");  
            if(iic_device_open(&(module->common), &iic_device) == 0) {  
                LOGI("eeprom JNI: iic device is opening...");  
                return 0;  
            }  
            LOGE("eeprom JNI: failed to open iic device.");  
            return -1;  
        }  
        LOGE("eeprom JNI: failed to get iic stub module.");  
        return -1;        
    }  
        /*JNI方法表*/  
    static const JNINativeMethod method_table[] = {  
        {"init_native", "()Z", (void*)iic_init},  
        {"setVal_native", "(Ljava/lang/String;III)V", (void*)iic_setVal},  
        {"getVal_native", "(III)Ljava/lang/String;", (void*)iic_getVal},  
    };  
        /*注册JNI方法*/  
    int register_android_server_IICService(JNIEnv *env) {  
            return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/IICService", method_table, NELEM(method_table));  
    }  
};

然后需要让android启动时加载此jni模块

在同目录下修改onload.cpp:

在namespace android中添加一行 int register_android_server_IICService(JNIEnv *env);

在JNI_onLoad方法中添加一行 register_android_server_IICService(env);

在同目录下修改Android.mk:

LOCAL_SRC_FILES增加一行 com_android_server_IICService \

编译命令:mmm frameworks/base/services/jni

注意:

1. HAL是根据iic_init中的IIC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID加载相应模块。

2. 根据jni规则我们知道这里存在一个调用jni的java服务类:com.android.server.IICService 位置为:frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server 代码如下:


[java] view plaincopyprint?
package com.android.server;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.IIICService;
import android.util.Slog;
public class IICService extends IIICService.Stub {
private static final String TAG = "IICService";
IICService() {
init_native();
}
public void setVal(String val,int slaveAddr, int regAddr, int len) {
setVal_native(val, slaveAddr, regAddr, len);
}
public String getVal(int slaveAddr,int len) {
return getVal_native( slaveAddr, len);
}
//本地方法
private static native boolean init_native();
private static native void setVal_native(String val, int slaveAddr, int regAddr, int len);
private static native String getVal_native(int slaveAddr, int len);
};

package com.android.server;  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.os.IIICService;  
import android.util.Slog;  
public class IICService extends IIICService.Stub {  
    private static final String TAG = "IICService";  
    IICService() {  
        init_native();  
    }  
    public void setVal(String val,int slaveAddr, int regAddr, int len) {  
        setVal_native(val, slaveAddr, regAddr, len);  
    }     
    public String getVal(int slaveAddr,int len) {  
        return getVal_native( slaveAddr, len);  
    }  
     
    //本地方法 
    private static native boolean init_native();  
    private static native void setVal_native(String val, int slaveAddr, int regAddr, int len);  
    private static native String getVal_native(int slaveAddr, int len);  
}; 

从代码中我们可以看到它继承了IIICService.Stub,因为硬件访问一般需要放在一个独立的线程中,这里使用了代理的方法来处理app与硬件服务的通信。
我们需要在frameworks/base/core/java/android/os中新建IIICService.aidl(注意是III)

package android.os;
interface IIICService {
void setVal(String val, int slaveAddr, int regAddr, int len);
String getVal(int slaveAddr, int len);
}
它定义了服务的接口,接口在IICService中实现并关联到jni方法中。

同时我们需要修改frameworkd/base下的Android.mk编译文件,在LOCAL_SRC_FILES中增加 core/java/android/os/IIICService.aidl

编译命令: mmm frameworks/base

最后需要把新增的IICService服务加入到ServiceManager中,这样就可以通过ServiceManager进行调用。

修改frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server下的SystemServer.java 在run()方法中添加

try{

Slog.i(TAG, "IIC SERVICE");

ServiceManager.addService("iic", new IICService());

}catch(Throwable e){

Slog.e(TAG, "Failure starting IIC Service", e);

}
编译命令:mmm frameworks/base/services/java

注意:有可能会编译不通过,因为这里修改了android的官方api, 需要运行make update-api更新frameworks/base/api/current.xml

打包后,app就可以使用IICService接口来访问硬件了。
下一节发上app相关代码

(待续)

Android平台读写i2c设备开发笔记三
分类: android开发 2012-08-07 17:06 677人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报

三、app调用服务接口访问硬件

上主要代码EEPROMActivity.java


[java] view plaincopyprint?
package com.zkgd.eeprom;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
import android.os.IIICService;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class EEPROMActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private final static String LOG_TAG = "com.zkgd.eeprom";
private IIICService iicService = null;
private EditText valueText = null;
private Button readButton = null;
private Button writeButton = null;
private Button clearButton = null;
int len = 1;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
iicService = IIICService.Stub.asInterface(
ServiceManager.getService("iic"));
valueText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit_value);
readButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_read);
writeButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_write);
clearButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_clear);
readButton.setOnClickListener(this);
writeButton.setOnClickListener(this);
clearButton.setOnClickListener(this);
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Activity Created");
}
public void onClick(View v) {
if(v.equals(readButton)) {
try {
len = 1;
//在从设备中读取数据
String val = iicService.getVal(0x50,len);
valueText.setText(val);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Remote Exception while reading value from device.");
}
}
else if(v.equals(writeButton)) {
try {
String val = valueText.getText().toString();
len = val.length();
//在从设备的子地址处开始写入数据
iicService.setVal(val,0x50,0x10,len);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Remote Exception while writing value to device.");
}
}
else if(v.equals(clearButton)) {
String text = "";
valueText.setText(text);
}
}
}

package com.zkgd.eeprom;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
import android.os.IIICService;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class EEPROMActivity extends Activity  implements OnClickListener{
private final static String LOG_TAG = "com.zkgd.eeprom";  
    
    private IIICService iicService = null;  
  
    private EditText valueText = null;  
    private Button readButton = null;  
    private Button writeButton = null;  
    private Button clearButton = null;  
    int len = 1;
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
  
        iicService = IIICService.Stub.asInterface(  
        ServiceManager.getService("iic"));  
          
        valueText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit_value);  
        readButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_read);  
        writeButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_write);  
        clearButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_clear);  
  
    readButton.setOnClickListener(this);  
    writeButton.setOnClickListener(this);  
    clearButton.setOnClickListener(this);  
          
        Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Activity Created");  
    }  
      
    public void onClick(View v) {  
        if(v.equals(readButton)) {  
        try {  
		len = 1;
                //在从设备中读取数据
                String val =  iicService.getVal(0x50,len);    
                valueText.setText(val);  
        } catch (RemoteException e) {  
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Remote Exception while reading value from device.");  
        }         
        }  
        else if(v.equals(writeButton)) {  
        try {  
                String val = valueText.getText().toString();  
                len = val.length(); 
                //在从设备的子地址处开始写入数据
                iicService.setVal(val,0x50,0x10,len);  
        } catch (RemoteException e) {  
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Remote Exception while writing value to device.");  
        }  
        }  
        else if(v.equals(clearButton)) {  
            String text = "";  
            valueText.setText(text);  
        }  
    }  
}

工程eeprom放置在源码目录package/app/下

编译命令:mmm package/app/eeprom

打包,烧写固件至开发板,启动就可以看到该应用的图标了。


小结:

整个调用流程为:app--->framework层服务--->JNI本地接口--->HAL--->硬件

一个问题,这种方法改动了android原生api,移植通用性不好。如果想做通用app,可以考虑NDK源码开发,底层功能打包成库文件进行调用,又可分为eclipse开发和源码环境开发,推荐源码环境下开发,eclipse老是报缺这缺那的,在源码环境下只要把Android.mk文件写好,基本不会报找不到包找不到方法等错误。

另一个问题,硬件访问会遭遇到权限问题。如果做通用app,需要设备root了,然后在代码里添加权限修改操作,如:"chmod 777 "+getPackageCodePath(); "chmod 777 /dev/i2c-1";

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