sqlconnection,sqlcommand,sqldataadapter,sqldatareader,dataset的关系详解

一,首先,简单打个比喻,

以老板要小二去仓库取东西为例,在这里,



sqlconnection就是去东西要经过的路,sqlcommand便是老板的命令,sqldatareader是小二选择去仓库的交通工具,这里可以比作是摩托车,那么sqldatareader便是大卡车,最后dataset便是你取回数据后,自己的临时仓库,你可以把取来的数据放在这个仓库里!

二,1 上帝说,要连接数据库,于是就有了sqlconnection (数据库连接,配置连接字符串等,用户名密码之类)

2 上帝说,要执行sql语句。于是就有了sqlcommand, 直接翻译成sql命令。每个sqlcommand都有commandtext跟parameters 文本跟参数。填写好这个命令,然后execute去执行。当然,要确保连接是open的才能执行。没连接啥都干不了。

3 上帝认为要有办法读取返回结果,于是便有了datareader.可以一条一条的读取(read)直到最后一条。

4 上帝认为,把执行的结果找个地方存起来是好的。于是就有了dataset。这个东西很完美,基本上能存各种数据跟关系,比datareader方便很多。里面有一个一个的dataview跟datatable.针对你的查询结果,当然,datatable又可以从datarow一个一个的循环取得

5 上帝觉得上述步骤太复杂了 -_-!
于是便有了SqlDataAdapter (翻译为SQL数据适配器,适配器模式) 它来封装简化了上述步骤。你只要new出来一个sqldataadapter,给他填上语句,直接fill到dataset就行了。 这样你什么都有了,只需要两步!

6 微软觉得,可视化的东西是上帝喜欢的(用户==上帝)
于是有了一个一个的SqlAdapter控件,DataSet控件,GridView控件....你可以直接拖到你的窗口(WinForm)或者页面(Asp.Net Web Application等)设置几个属性,绑定即可。一行代码都不用写。以至于普通网管跟文员都能成为潜在用户。(虽然这种方式被“专业程序员”所不齿)

7建议:
如果喜欢效率的,用command+datareader自己处理(要小心别弄得更差哦)
如果喜欢方便的,就大量的使用Adapter+DataSet吧。毕竟绑定太节约时间了
如果就想显示个数据而已...拖吧...反正你就是想给隔壁办公室显示个报表。

三,

SqlDataReader,SqlDataAdapter与SqlCommand的一点总结.

1.SqlDataReader,在线应用,需要conn.open(),使用完之后要关闭.

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr);
 //conn.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select top 10 * from tuser", conn);
SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
while (reader.Read())
{
    Console.WriteLine(reader.GetValue(2));
}
这段代码报错:ExecuteReader requires an open and available Connection. The connection's current state is closed.
应该将conn.Open()打开.


2.SqlDataAdapter,离线应用,不需要用conn.open(), 它把这部分功能给封装到自己内部了,不需要你来显式的去调用, 它直接将数据fill到dataset中.

SqlCommand与ADO时代的Command一样,SqlDataAdapter则是ADO.NET中的新事物,它配合DataSet来使用。其实,DataSet就像是驻留在内存中的小数据库,在DataSet中可以有多张DataTable,这些DataTable之间可以相互关联,就像在数据库中表关联一样!SqlDataAdapter的作用就是将数据从数据库中提取出来,放在DataSet中,当DataSet中的数据发生变化时,SqlDataAdapter再将数据库中的数据更新,以保证数据库中的数据和DataSet中的数据是一致的!
用微软顾问的话讲:DataAdapter就像是一把铁锹,它负责把数据从数据库“铲”到DataSet中,或者将数据从DataSet“铲”到数据库中!

调用DataAdapter的Fill方法时, 它会打开到数据库的SqlConnection, 再通过创建一个SqlCommand和调用ExecuteReader的方式来执行命令, 然后, 通过一个隐式士创建的SqlDataReader, 从数据库读取数据, 结束行的读取之后, SqlDataReader和SqlConnection会被关闭.

DefaultView是DataTable类的一个属性。可用DataView类为每个DataTable定义多个视图。


用Reflacter察看一下SqlDataAdapter及其父类的原代码,其方法调用脉络如下:

Fill(DataSet dataSet)->

Fill(dataSet, 0, 0, "Table", selectCommand, fillCommandBehavior)->

FillInternal(dataSet, null, startRecord, maxRecords, srcTable, command, behavior)->

Fill(dataset, srcTable, reader, startRecord, maxRecords)->

Fill(dataset, srcTable, reader, startRecord, maxRecords)->

FillFromReader(dataSet, null, srcTable, container, startRecord, maxRecords, null, null)->

FillLoadDataRow(mapping)->

while (dataReader.Read())

因此个人认为最精髓的一句总结就是:SqlDataAdapter内部获取数据是通过调用SqlDataReader来实现的,而两者都需要使用SqlConnection和SqlCommand。

 

具体Reflacter察看一下SqlDataAdapter及其父类的原代码如下:

2.1 SqlDataAdapter是DbDataAdapter的子类.

public sealed class SqlDataAdapter : DbDataAdapter, IDbDataAdapter, IDataAdapter, ICloneable

2.2 DbDataAdapter是一个抽象类,里面包含了Fill的具体实现.

public abstract class DbDataAdapter : DataAdapter, IDbDataAdapter, IDataAdapter, ICloneable
{
  public override int Fill(DataSet dataSet)
  {
    int num;
    IntPtr ptr;
    Bid.ScopeEnter(out ptr, "<comm.DbDataAdapter.Fill|API> %d#, dataSet\n", base.ObjectID);
    try
    {
        IDbCommand selectCommand = this._IDbDataAdapter.SelectCommand;
        CommandBehavior fillCommandBehavior = this.FillCommandBehavior;
        num = this.Fill(dataSet, 0, 0, "Table", selectCommand, fillCommandBehavior);
    }
    finally
    {
        Bid.ScopeLeave(ref ptr);
    }
    return num;
  }

  protected virtual int Fill(DataSet dataSet, int startRecord, int maxRecords, string srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior)
  {
    int num;
    IntPtr ptr;
    Bid.ScopeEnter(out ptr, "<comm.DbDataAdapter.Fill|API> %d#, dataSet, startRecord, maxRecords, srcTable, command, behavior=%d{ds.CommandBehavior}\n", base.ObjectID, (int) behavior);
    try
    {
        if (dataSet == null)
        {
            throw ADP.FillRequires("dataSet");
        }
        if (startRecord < 0)
        {
            throw ADP.InvalidStartRecord("startRecord", startRecord);
        }
        if (maxRecords < 0)
        {
            throw ADP.InvalidMaxRecords("maxRecords", maxRecords);
        }
        if (ADP.IsEmpty(srcTable))
        {
            throw ADP.FillRequiresSourceTableName("srcTable");
        }
        if (command == null)
        {
            throw ADP.MissingSelectCommand("Fill");
        }
        num = this.FillInternal(dataSet, null, startRecord, maxRecords, srcTable, command, behavior);
    }
    finally
    {
        Bid.ScopeLeave(ref ptr);
    }
    return num;
  }

  private int FillInternal(DataSet dataset, DataTable[] datatables, int startRecord, int maxRecords, string srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior)
  {
    bool flag = null == command.Connection;
    try
    {
        IDbConnection connection = GetConnection3(this, command, "Fill");
        ConnectionState open = ConnectionState.Open;
        if (MissingSchemaAction.AddWithKey == base.MissingSchemaAction)
        {
            behavior |= CommandBehavior.KeyInfo;
        }
        try
        {
            QuietOpen(connection, out open);
            behavior |= CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess;
            using (IDataReader reader = null)
            {
                reader = command.ExecuteReader(behavior);
                if (datatables != null)
                {
                    return this.Fill(datatables, reader, startRecord, maxRecords);
                }
                return this.Fill(dataset, srcTable, reader, startRecord, maxRecords);
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            QuietClose(connection, open);
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        if (flag)
        {
            command.Transaction = null;
            command.Connection = null;
        }
    }

  protected virtual int Fill(DataSet dataSet, string srcTable, IDataReader dataReader, int startRecord, int maxRecords)
  {
    int num;
    IntPtr ptr;
    Bid.ScopeEnter(out ptr, "<comm.DataAdapter.Fill|API> %d#, dataSet, srcTable, dataReader, startRecord, maxRecords\n", this.ObjectID);
    try
    {
        if (dataSet == null)
        {
            throw ADP.FillRequires("dataSet");
        }
        if (ADP.IsEmpty(srcTable))
        {
            throw ADP.FillRequiresSourceTableName("srcTable");
        }
        if (dataReader == null)
        {
            throw ADP.FillRequires("dataReader");
        }
        if (startRecord < 0)
        {
            throw ADP.InvalidStartRecord("startRecord", startRecord);
        }
        if (maxRecords < 0)
        {
            throw ADP.InvalidMaxRecords("maxRecords", maxRecords);
        }
        if (dataReader.IsClosed)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        DataReaderContainer container = DataReaderContainer.Create(dataReader, this.ReturnProviderSpecificTypes);
        num = this.FillFromReader(dataSet, null, srcTable, container, startRecord, maxRecords, null, null);
    }
    finally
    {
        Bid.ScopeLeave(ref ptr);
    }
    return num;
  }

  internal int FillFromReader(DataSet dataset, DataTable datatable, string srcTable, DataReaderContainer dataReader, int startRecord, int maxRecords, DataColumn parentChapterColumn, object   parentChapterValue)
  {
    int num2 = 0;
    int schemaCount = 0;
    do
    {
        if (0 < dataReader.FieldCount)
        {
            SchemaMapping mapping = this.FillMapping(dataset, datatable, srcTable, dataReader, schemaCount, parentChapterColumn, parentChapterValue);
            schemaCount++;
            if (((mapping != null) && (mapping.DataValues != null)) && (mapping.DataTable != null))
            {
                mapping.DataTable.BeginLoadData();
                try
                {
                    if ((1 == schemaCount) && ((0 < startRecord) || (0 < maxRecords)))
                    {
                        num2 = this.FillLoadDataRowChunk(mapping, startRecord, maxRecords);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        int num3 = this.FillLoadDataRow(mapping);
                        if (1 == schemaCount)
                        {
                            num2 = num3;
                        }
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    mapping.DataTable.EndLoadData();
                }
                if (datatable != null)
                {
                    return num2;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    while (this.FillNextResult(dataReader));
    return num2;
  }

  private int FillLoadDataRow(SchemaMapping mapping)
  {
    int num = 0;
    DataReaderContainer dataReader = mapping.DataReader;
    if (!this._hasFillErrorHandler)
    {
        while (dataReader.Read())
        {
            mapping.LoadDataRow();
            num++;
        }
        return num;
    }
    while (dataReader.Read())
    {
        try
        {
            mapping.LoadDataRowWithClear();
            num++;
            continue;
        }
        catch (Exception exception)
        {
            if (!ADP.IsCatchableExceptionType(exception))
            {
                throw;
            }
            ADP.TraceExceptionForCapture(exception);
            this.OnFillErrorHandler(exception, mapping.DataTable, mapping.DataValues);
            continue;
        }
    }
    return num;
  }

}




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一款特别好用的.net数据库链接通用类。 using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Specialized; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Configuration; using System.Data.Common; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace CMS.DBUtility { /// <summary> /// 数据访问抽象基础类 /// Copyright (C) 2004-2008 By LiTianPing /// </summary> public abstract class DbHelperSQL { //数据库连接字符串(web.config来配置),可以动态更改connectionString支持多数据库. public static string connectionString = PubConstant.ConnectionString; public DbHelperSQL() { } #region 公用方法 /// <summary> /// 判断是否存在某表的某个字段 /// </summary> /// <param name="tableName">表名称</param> /// <param name="columnName">列名称</param> /// <returns>是否存在</returns> public static bool ColumnExists(string tableName, string columnName) { string sql = "select count(1) from syscolumns where [id]=object_id('" + tableName + "') and [name]='" + columnName + "'"; object res = GetSingle(sql); if (res == null) { return false; } return Convert.ToInt32(res) > 0; } public static int GetMaxID(string FieldName, string TableName) { string strsql = "select max(" + FieldName + ")+1 from " + TableName; object obj = GetSingle(strsql); if (obj == null) { return 1; } else { return int.Parse(obj.ToString()); } } public static bool Exists(string strSql) { object obj = GetSingle(strSql); int cmdresult; if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { cmdresult = 0; } else { cmdresult = int.Parse(obj.ToString()); } if (cmdresult == 0) { return false; } else { return true; } } /// <summary> /// 表是否存在 /// </summary> /// <param name="TableName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static bool TabExists(string TableName) { string strsql = "select count(*) from sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[" + TableName + "]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1"; //string strsql = "SELECT count(*) FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[" + TableName + "]') AND type in (N'U')"; object obj = GetSingle(strsql); int cmdresult; if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { cmdresult = 0; } else { cmdresult = int.Parse(obj.ToString()); } if (cmdresult == 0) { return false; } else { return true; } } public static bool Exists(string strSql, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { object obj = GetSingle(strSql, cmdParms); int cmdresult; if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { cmdresult = 0; } else { cmdresult = int.Parse(obj.ToString()); } if (cmdresult == 0) { return false; } else { return true; } } #endregion #region 执行简单SQL语句 /// <summary> /// 执行SQL语句,返回影响的记录数 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">SQL语句</param> /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns> public static int ExecuteSql(string SQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } public static int ExecuteSqlByTime(string SQLString, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); 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throw new Exception("违背要求"+myDE.CommandText+"必须符合select count(..的格式"); //return 0; } object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); bool isHave = false; if (obj == null && obj == DBNull.Value) { isHave = false; } isHave = Convert.ToInt32(obj) > 0; if (isHave) { //引发事件 myDE.OnSolicitationEvent(); } } if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenHaveContine || myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenNoHaveContine) { if (myDE.CommandText.ToLower().IndexOf("count(") == -1) { tx.Rollback(); throw new Exception("SQL:违背要求" + myDE.CommandText + "必须符合select count(..的格式"); //return 0; } object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); bool isHave = false; if (obj == null && obj == DBNull.Value) { isHave = false; } isHave = Convert.ToInt32(obj) > 0; if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenHaveContine && !isHave) { tx.Rollback(); throw new Exception("SQL:违背要求" + myDE.CommandText + "返回值必须大于0"); //return 0; } if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenNoHaveContine && isHave) { tx.Rollback(); throw new Exception("SQL:违背要求" + myDE.CommandText + "返回值必须等于0"); //return 0; } continue; } int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.ExcuteEffectRows && val == 0) { tx.Rollback(); throw new Exception("SQL:违背要求" + myDE.CommandText + "必须有影响行"); //return 0; } cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } string oraConnectionString = PubConstant.GetConnectionString("ConnectionStringPPC"); bool res = OracleHelper.ExecuteSqlTran(oraConnectionString, oracleCmdSqlList); if (!res) { tx.Rollback(); throw new Exception("Oracle执行失败"); // return -1; } tx.Commit(); return 1; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { tx.Rollback(); throw e; } catch (Exception e) { tx.Rollback(); throw e; } } } /// <summary> /// 执行多条SQL语句,实现数据库事务。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLStringList">多条SQL语句</param> public static int ExecuteSqlTran(List<String> SQLStringList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); cmd.Connection = conn; SqlTransaction tx = conn.BeginTransaction(); cmd.Transaction = tx; try { int count = 0; for (int n = 0; n < SQLStringList.Count; n++) { string strsql = SQLStringList[n]; if (strsql.Trim().Length > 1) { cmd.CommandText = strsql; count += cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } tx.Commit(); return count; } catch { tx.Rollback(); return 0; } } } /// <summary> /// 执行带一个存储过程参数的的SQL语句。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">SQL语句</param> /// <param name="content">参数内容,比如一个字段是格式复杂的文章,有特殊符号,可以通过这个方式添加</param> /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns> public static int ExecuteSql(string SQLString, string content) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection); System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter myParameter = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter("@content", SqlDbType.NText); myParameter.Value = content; cmd.Parameters.Add(myParameter); try { connection.Open(); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } finally { cmd.Dispose(); connection.Close(); } } } /// <summary> /// 执行带一个存储过程参数的的SQL语句。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">SQL语句</param> /// <param name="content">参数内容,比如一个字段是格式复杂的文章,有特殊符号,可以通过这个方式添加</param> /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns> public static object ExecuteSqlGet(string SQLString, string content) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection); System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter myParameter = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter("@content", SqlDbType.NText); myParameter.Value = content; cmd.Parameters.Add(myParameter); try { connection.Open(); object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } finally { cmd.Dispose(); connection.Close(); } } } /// <summary> /// 向数据库里插入图像格式的字段(和上面情况类似的另一种实例) /// </summary> /// <param name="strSQL">SQL语句</param> /// <param name="fs">图像字节,数据库的字段类型为image的情况</param> /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns> public static int ExecuteSqlInsertImg(string strSQL, byte[] fs) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(strSQL, connection); System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter myParameter = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter("@fs", SqlDbType.Image); myParameter.Value = fs; cmd.Parameters.Add(myParameter); try { connection.Open(); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } finally { cmd.Dispose(); connection.Close(); } } } /// <summary> /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句,返回查询结果(object)。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">计算查询结果语句</param> /// <returns>查询结果(object)</returns> public static object GetSingle(string SQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } public static object GetSingle(string SQLString, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); cmd.CommandTimeout = Times; object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行查询语句,返回SqlDataReader ( 注意:调用该方法后,一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close ) /// </summary> /// <param name="strSQL">查询语句</param> /// <returns>SqlDataReader</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string strSQL) { SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(strSQL, connection); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); return myReader; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } } /// <summary> /// 执行查询语句,返回DataSet /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">查询语句</param> /// <returns>DataSet</returns> public static DataSet Query(string SQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter command = new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection); command.Fill(ds, "ds"); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds; } } public static DataSet Query(string SQLString, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter command = new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection); command.SelectCommand.CommandTimeout = Times; command.Fill(ds, "ds"); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds; } } #endregion #region 执行带参数的SQL语句 /// <summary> /// 执行SQL语句,返回影响的记录数 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">SQL语句</param> /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns> public static int ExecuteSql(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand()) { try { PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行多条SQL语句,实现数据库事务。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLStringList">SQL语句的哈希表(key为sql语句,value是该语句的SqlParameter[])</param> public static void ExecuteSqlTran(Hashtable SQLStringList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction()) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { //循环 foreach (DictionaryEntry myDE in SQLStringList) { string cmdText = myDE.Key.ToString(); SqlParameter[] cmdParms = (SqlParameter[])myDE.Value; PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, trans, cmdText, cmdParms); int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } trans.Commit(); } catch { trans.Rollback(); throw; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行多条SQL语句,实现数据库事务。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLStringList">SQL语句的哈希表(key为sql语句,value是该语句的SqlParameter[])</param> public static int ExecuteSqlTran(System.Collections.Generic.List<CommandInfo> cmdList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction()) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { int count = 0; //循环 foreach (CommandInfo myDE in cmdList) { string cmdText = myDE.CommandText; SqlParameter[] cmdParms = (SqlParameter[])myDE.Parameters; PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, trans, cmdText, cmdParms); if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenHaveContine || myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenNoHaveContine) { if (myDE.CommandText.ToLower().IndexOf("count(") == -1) { trans.Rollback(); return 0; } object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); bool isHave = false; if (obj == null && obj == DBNull.Value) { isHave = false; } isHave = Convert.ToInt32(obj) > 0; if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenHaveContine && !isHave) { trans.Rollback(); return 0; } if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.WhenNoHaveContine && isHave) { trans.Rollback(); return 0; } continue; } int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); count += val; if (myDE.EffentNextType == EffentNextType.ExcuteEffectRows && val == 0) { trans.Rollback(); return 0; } cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } trans.Commit(); return count; } catch { trans.Rollback(); throw; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行多条SQL语句,实现数据库事务。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLStringList">SQL语句的哈希表(key为sql语句,value是该语句的SqlParameter[])</param> public static void ExecuteSqlTranWithIndentity(System.Collections.Generic.List<CommandInfo> SQLStringList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction()) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { int indentity = 0; //循环 foreach (CommandInfo myDE in SQLStringList) { string cmdText = myDE.CommandText; SqlParameter[] cmdParms = (SqlParameter[])myDE.Parameters; foreach (SqlParameter q in cmdParms) { if (q.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput) { q.Value = indentity; } } PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, trans, cmdText, cmdParms); int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); foreach (SqlParameter q in cmdParms) { if (q.Direction == ParameterDirection.Output) { indentity = Convert.ToInt32(q.Value); } } cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } trans.Commit(); } catch { trans.Rollback(); throw; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行多条SQL语句,实现数据库事务。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLStringList">SQL语句的哈希表(key为sql语句,value是该语句的SqlParameter[])</param> public static void ExecuteSqlTranWithIndentity(Hashtable SQLStringList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction()) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { int indentity = 0; //循环 foreach (DictionaryEntry myDE in SQLStringList) { string cmdText = myDE.Key.ToString(); SqlParameter[] cmdParms = (SqlParameter[])myDE.Value; foreach (SqlParameter q in cmdParms) { if (q.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput) { q.Value = indentity; } } PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, trans, cmdText, cmdParms); int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); foreach (SqlParameter q in cmdParms) { if (q.Direction == ParameterDirection.Output) { indentity = Convert.ToInt32(q.Value); } } cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } trans.Commit(); } catch { trans.Rollback(); throw; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句,返回查询结果(object)。 /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">计算查询结果语句</param> /// <returns>查询结果(object)</returns> public static object GetSingle(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand()) { try { PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行查询语句,返回SqlDataReader ( 注意:调用该方法后,一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close ) /// </summary> /// <param name="strSQL">查询语句</param> /// <returns>SqlDataReader</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); SqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return myReader; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } // finally // { // cmd.Dispose(); // connection.Close(); // } } /// <summary> /// 执行查询语句,返回DataSet /// </summary> /// <param name="SQLString">查询语句</param> /// <returns>DataSet</returns> public static DataSet Query(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { da.Fill(ds, "ds"); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds; } } } private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand cmd, SqlConnection conn, SqlTransaction trans, string cmdText, SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open) conn.Open(); cmd.Connection = conn; cmd.CommandText = cmdText; if (trans != null) cmd.Transaction = trans; cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;//cmdType; if (cmdParms != null) { foreach (SqlParameter parameter in cmdParms) { if ((parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) && (parameter.Value == null)) { parameter.Value = DBNull.Value; } cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter); } } } #endregion #region 存储过程操作 /// <summary> /// 执行存储过程,返回SqlDataReader ( 注意:调用该方法后,一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close ) /// </summary> /// <param name="storedProcName">存储过程名</param> /// <param name="parameters">存储过程参数</param> /// <returns>SqlDataReader</returns> public static SqlDataReader RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters) { SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); SqlDataReader returnReader; connection.Open(); SqlCommand command = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; returnReader = command.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); return returnReader; } /// <summary> /// 执行存储过程 /// </summary> /// <param name="storedProcName">存储过程名</param> /// <param name="parameters">存储过程参数</param> /// <param name="tableName">DataSet结果中的表名</param> /// <returns>DataSet</returns> public static DataSet RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters, string tableName) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter sqlDA = new SqlDataAdapter(); sqlDA.SelectCommand = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); sqlDA.Fill(dataSet, tableName); connection.Close(); return dataSet; } } public static DataSet RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters, string tableName, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter sqlDA = new SqlDataAdapter(); sqlDA.SelectCommand = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); sqlDA.SelectCommand.CommandTimeout = Times; sqlDA.Fill(dataSet, tableName); connection.Close(); return dataSet; } } /// <summary> /// 构建 SqlCommand 对象(用来返回一个结果集,而不是一个整数值) /// </summary> /// <param name="connection">数据库连接</param> /// <param name="storedProcName">存储过程名</param> /// <param name="parameters">存储过程参数</param> /// <returns>SqlCommand</returns> private static SqlCommand BuildQueryCommand(SqlConnection connection, string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters) { SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(storedProcName, connection); command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; foreach (SqlParameter parameter in parameters) { if (parameter != null) { // 检查未分配值的输出参数,将其分配以DBNull.Value. if ((parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) && (parameter.Value == null)) { parameter.Value = DBNull.Value; } command.Parameters.Add(parameter); } } return command; } /// <summary> /// 执行存储过程,返回影响的行数 /// </summary> /// <param name="storedProcName">存储过程名</param> /// <param name="parameters">存储过程参数</param> /// <param name="rowsAffected">影响的行数</param> /// <returns></returns> public static int RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters, out int rowsAffected) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { int result; connection.Open(); SqlCommand command = BuildIntCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); rowsAffected = command.ExecuteNonQuery(); result = (int)command.Parameters["ReturnValue"].Value; //Connection.Close(); return result; } } /// <summary> /// 创建 SqlCommand 对象实例(用来返回一个整数值) /// </summary> /// <param name="storedProcName">存储过程名</param> /// <param name="parameters">存储过程参数</param> /// <returns>SqlCommand 对象实例</returns> private static SqlCommand BuildIntCommand(SqlConnection connection, string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters) { SqlCommand command = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("ReturnValue", SqlDbType.Int, 4, ParameterDirection.ReturnValue, false, 0, 0, string.Empty, DataRowVersion.Default, null)); return command; } #endregion } }
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Text;using System.Data;using System.Data.SqlClient; namespace DatabaseOperate{ class SqlOperateInfo { //Suppose your ServerName is "aa",DatabaseName is "bb",UserName is "cc", Password is "dd" private string sqlConnectionCommand = "Data Source=aa;Initial Catalog=bb;User ID=cc;Pwd=dd"; //This table contains two columns:KeywordID int not null,KeywordName varchar(100) not null private string dataTableName = "Basic_Keyword_Test"; private string storedProcedureName = "Sp_InertToBasic_Keyword_Test"; private string sqlSelectCommand = "Select KeywordID, KeywordName From Basic_Keyword_Test"; //sqlUpdateCommand could contain "insert" , "delete" , "update" operate private string sqlUpdateCommand = "Delete From Basic_Keyword_Test Where KeywordID = 1"; public void UseSqlReader() { SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(sqlConnectionCommand); SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(); sqlCommand.CommandType = System.Data.CommandType.Text; sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection; sqlCommand.CommandText = sqlSelectCommand; sqlConnection.Open(); SqlDataReader sqlDataReader = sqlCommand.ExecuteReader(); while(sqlDataReader.Read()) { //Get KeywordID and KeywordName , You can do anything you like. Here I just output them. int keywordid = (int)sqlDataReader[0]; //the same as: int keywordid = (int)sqlDataReader["KeywordID"] string keywordName = (string)sqlDataReader[1]; //the same as: string keywordName = (int)sqlDataReader["KeywordName"] Console.WriteLine("KeywordID = " + keywordid + " , KeywordName = " + keywordName); } sqlDataReader.Close(); sqlCommand.Dispose(); sqlConnection.Close(); } public void UseSqlStoredProcedure() { SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(sqlConnectionCommand); SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(); sqlCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection; sqlCommand.CommandText = storedProcedureName; sqlConnection.Open(); sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(); //you can use reader here,too.as long as you modify the sp and let it like select * from .... sqlCommand.Dispose(); sqlConnection.Close(); } public void UseSqlDataSet() { SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(sqlConnectionCommand); SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(); sqlCommand.CommandType = System.Data.CommandType.Text; sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection; sqlCommand.CommandText = sqlSelectCommand; sqlConnection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter sqlDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(); sqlDataAdapter.SelectCommand = sqlCommand; DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); //sqlCommandBuilder is for update the dataset to database SqlCommandBuilder sqlCommandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(sqlDataAdapter); sqlDataAdapter.Fill(dataSet, dataTableName); //Do something to dataset then you can update it to Database.Here I just add a row DataRow row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow(); row[0] = 10000; row[1] = "new row"; dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row); sqlDataAdapter.Update(dataSet, dataTableName); sqlCommand.Dispose(); sqlDataAdapter.Dispose(); sqlConnection.Close(); } }}
1、SqlConnection类   构造函数:SqlConnection(connstr);   属性:  Database//获取当前数据库或连接打开后要使用的数据库的名称        Connectionstring//获取或设置用于打开 SQL Server 数据库的字符串   方法:  Open()        Close()        Dispose()//释放所有资源         2、SqlCommand类     构造函数:SqlCommand(string,conn) 属性:  CommandType//获取或设置一个值,该值指示如何解释 CommandText 属         CommandText //获取或设置要对数据源执行SQL 语句         Connection//获取或设置 SqlCommand 的此实例使用的 SqlConnection         Parameters//获取 SqlParameterCollection。参数集合 方法:  ExecuteNonQuery(): 返回受影响函数,如增、删、改操作;         ExecuteScalar():执行查询,返回首行首列的结果;         ExecuteReader():返回一个数据流(SqlDataReader对象)。   实例1: SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand () cmd.connection =conn; cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text; cmd.CommandText ="select *from produce=@ID"; cmd.Parameters.Add("@ID",SqlDBType.NVarChar,10,ID).values=1; cmd.ExecuteScalar();   实例2:   SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand (“select *from test”,conn);   cmd.ExecuteScalar(); 注意: ExecuteNonQuery()方法主要用户更新数据,通常它使用Update,Insert,Delete语句来操作数据库,其方法返回值意义:对于 Update,Insert,Delete 语句 执行成功是返回值为该命令所影响的行数,如果影响的行数为0时返回的值为0,如果数据操作回滚得话返回值为-1,对于这种更新操作 用我们平时所用的是否大于0的判断操作应该没有问题而且比较好,但是对于其他的操作如对数据库结构的操作,如果操作成功时返回的却是-1,这种情况跟我们平时的思维方式有点差距所以应该好好的注意了, 3、SqlDataReader类   是由ExecuteReader()返回一个数据流(SqlDataReader对象)没有构造方法   属性:Connection//获取与 SqlDataReader 关联的 SqlConnection。      FieldCount//获取当前行中的列数。      HasRows//获取一个值,该值指示 SqlDataReader 是否包含一行或多行      RecordsAffect//获取执行 Transact-SQL 语句所更改、插入或删除的行数   方法:Read();//使 SqlDataReader 前进到下一条记录      GetType();//获取当前实例的 Type      NextResult();//当读取批处理 Transact-SQL 语句的结果时,使数据读取器前进到下一个结果 4、SqlDataApater类   构造方法:SqlDataApater()        SqlDataAdapter(SqlCommand)//初始化 SqlDataAdapter 类的新实例,用指定的 SqlCommand 作为 SelectCommand 的属性。        SqlDataApater(string,conn)//使用 SelectCommand 和 SqlConnection 对象初始化 SqlDataAdapter 类的一个新实例   属性:  DeleteCommand        SelectCommand        InsertCommand        UpdataCommand              方法:  Fill(DataSet)//在 DataSet 中添加或刷新行        Fill(DataTable)//在 DataSet 的指定范围中添加或刷新行,以与使用 DataTable 名称的数据源中的行匹配。 (继承自DbDataAdapter。        Update(DataRow[])//通过为 DataSet 中的指定数组中的每个已插入、已更新或已删除的行执行相应的 INSERT、UPDATE 或 DELETE 语句来更新数据库中的值        Update(DataSet)//通过为指定的 DataTable 中的每个已插入、已更新或已删除的行执行相应的 INSERT、UPDATE 或 DELETE 语句来更新数据库中的值        Update(DataTable) 实例1   // 隐藏了SqlCommand对象的定义,同时隐藏了SqlCommand对象与SqlDataAdapter对象的绑定 SqlDataAdapter myda= new SqlDataAdapter("select * from test",conn);   实例2   SqlCommand mySqlCommand = new SqlCommand();// 创建SqlCommand   mySqlCommand.CommandType = CommandType.Text;   mySqlCommand.CommandText = "select * from product";   mySqlCommand.Connection = sqlCnt;   SqlDataAdapter myDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();   // 创建SqlDataAdapter   myDataAdapter.SelectCommand = mySqlCommand; // 为SqlDataAdapter对象绑定所要执行的SqlCommand对象 5、DataSet类     命名空间:System.Data.DataSet。   数据集,本地微型数据库,可以存储多张表。  //使用DataSet第一步就是将SqlDataAdapter返回的数据集(表)填充到Dataset对象中:   SqlDataAdapter myDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from product", sqlCnt); DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet(); // 创建DataSet myDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "product"); // 将返回的数据集作为“表”填入DataSet中,表名可以与数据库真实的表名不同,并不影响后续的增、删、改等操作 //访问dataset中的数据 DataTable myTable = myDataSet.Tables["product"]; foreach (DataRow myRow in myTable.Rows) { foreach (DataColumn myColumn in myTable.Columns) { Console.WriteLine(myRow[myColumn]); //遍历表中的每个单元格 } } // 修改DataSet DataTable myTable = myDataSet.Tables["product"]; foreach (DataRow myRow in myTable.Rows) { myRow["name"] = myRow["name"] + "商品"; } // 将DataSet的修改提交至“数据库” SqlCommandBuilder mySqlCommandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(myDataAdapter); myDataAdapter.Update(myDataSet, "product"); // 添加一行 DataRow myRow = myTable.NewRow(); myRow["name"] = "捷安特"; myRow["price"] = 13.2; //myRow["id"] = 100; id若为“自动增长”,此处可以不设置,即便设置也无效 myTable.Rows.Add(myRow); // 将DataSet的修改提交至“数据库” SqlCommandBuilder mySqlCommandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(myDataAdapter); myDataAdapter.Update(myDataSet, "product"); // 删除第一行 DataTable myTable = myDataSet.Tables["product"]; myTable.Rows[0].Delete(); SqlCommandBuilder mySqlCommandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(myDataAdapter); myDataAdapter.Update(myDataSet, "product");

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