Oracle分组函数之CUBE魅力

Oracle的CUBE与ROLLUP功能很相似，也是在数据统计分析领域的一把好手。

先看一下ROLLUP的数据统计效果:

1）创建测试表group_test
SECOOLER@ora11g> create table group_test (group_id int, job varchar2(10), name varchar2(10), salary int);
insert into group_test values (10,'Coding',    'Bruce',1000);
insert into group_test values (10,'Programmer','Clair',1000);
insert into group_test values (10,'Architect', 'Gideon',1000);
insert into group_test values (10,'Director',  'Hill',1000);
insert into group_test values (20,'Programmer','Joey',2000);
insert into group_test values (20,'Architect', 'Martin',2000);
insert into group_test values (20,'Director',  'Michael',2000);
insert into group_test values (30,'Programmer','Rex',3000);
insert into group_test values (30,'Architect', 'Richard',3000);
insert into group_test values (30,'Director',  'Sabrina',3000);
insert into group_test values (40,'Programmer','Susy',4000);
insert into group_test values (40,'Architect', 'Tina',4000);
insert into group_test values (40,'Director',  'Wendy',4000);
SECOOLER@ora11g> set pages 100
SECOOLER@ora11g> select * from group_test;
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
        10 Coding     Bruce            1000
        10 Programmer Clair            1000
        10 Architect  Gideon           1000
        10 Director   Hill             1000
        20 Coding     Jason            2000
        20 Programmer Joey             2000
        20 Architect  Martin           2000
        20 Director   Michael          2000
        30 Coding     Rebecca          3000
        30 Programmer Rex              3000
        30 Architect  Richard          3000
        30 Director   Sabrina          3000
        40 Coding     Samuel           4000
        40 Programmer Susy             4000
        40 Architect  Tina             4000
        40 Director   Wendy            4000
sec@ora10g> select group_id,job,grouping(GROUP_ID),grouping(JOB),sum(salary) from group_test group by rollup(group_id, job);
---------- ---------- ------------------ ------------- -----------
        10 Coding                      0             0        1000
        10 Director                    0             0        1000
        10 Architect                   0             0        1000
        10 Programmer                  0             0        1000
        10                             0             1        4000
        20 Coding                      0             0        2000
        20 Director                    0             0        2000
        20 Architect                   0             0        2000
        20 Programmer                  0             0        2000
        20                             0             1        8000
        30 Coding                      0             0        3000
        30 Director                    0             0        3000
        30 Architect                   0             0        3000
        30 Programmer                  0             0        3000
        30                             0             1       12000
        40 Coding                      0             0        4000
        40 Director                    0             0        4000
        40 Architect                   0             0        4000
        40 Programmer                  0             0        4000
        40                             0             1       16000
                                       1             1       40000
sec@ora10g> select group_id,job,grouping(GROUP_ID),grouping(JOB),sum(salary) from group_test group by cube(group_id, job) order by 1;
---------- ---------- ------------------ ------------- -----------
        10 Architect                   0             0        1000
        10 Coding                      0             0        1000
        10 Director                    0             0        1000
        10 Programmer                  0             0        1000
        10                             0             1        4000
        20 Architect                   0             0        2000
        20 Coding                      0             0        2000
        20 Director                    0             0        2000
        20 Programmer                  0             0        2000
        20                             0             1        8000
        30 Architect                   0             0        3000
        30 Coding                      0             0        3000
        30 Director                    0             0        3000
        30 Programmer                  0             0        3000
        30                             0             1       12000
        40 Architect                   0             0        4000
        40 Coding                      0             0        4000
        40 Director                    0             0        4000
        40 Programmer                  0             0        4000
        40                             0             1       16000
           Architect                   1             0       10000
           Coding                      1             0       10000
           Director                    1             0       10000
           Programmer                  1             0       10000
                                       1             1       40000

  如果显示“1”表示CUBE函数对应的列（例如JOB字段）是由于CUBE函数所产生的空值对应的信息，即对此列进行汇总计算后的结果。

  如果显示“0”表示此行对应的这列参未与ROLLUP函数分组汇总活动。

  如果还是没有理解清楚，请参见Oracle官方文档中的描述内容：“Using a single column as its argument,GROUPINGreturns 1 when it encounters aNULLvalue created by aROLLUPorCUBEoperation. That is, if theNULLindicates the row is a subtotal,GROUPINGreturns a 1. Any other type of value, including a storedNULL, returns a 0.”

rollup(a,b)   统计列包含：(a,b)、(a)、()
rollup(a,b,c) 统计列包含：(a,b,c)、(a,b)、(a)、()
……以此类推ing……
cube(a,b,c)   统计列包含：(a,b,c)、(a,b)、(a,c)、(b,c)、(a)、(b)、(c)、()
……以此类推ing……
           Architect                   1             0       10000
           Coding                      1             0       10000
           Director                    1             0       10000

小结:
CUBE在ROLLUP的基础上进一步从各种维度上给出细化的统计汇总结果。

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