学习Python运维之paramiko模块

paramiko模块是用python语言写的一个模块，遵循SSH2协议，支持以加密和认证的方式，进行远程服务器的连接


1.安装


#paramiko模块的安装需要先安装PyCrypto模块


wget  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz


wget


cd pycrypto-2.6.1


python setup.py build


python setup.py install


https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/paramiko/paramiko-1.13.0.tar.gz


cd paramiko-1.13.0


python setup.py build


python setup.py install


yum -y  install python-crypto python-paramiko


测试


>>> import paramiko


>>> dir(paramiko)


['AUTH_FAILED', 'AUTH_PARTIALLY_SUCCESSFUL', 'AUTH_SUCCESSFUL', 'Agent', 'AgentKey', 'AuthHandler', 'AuthenticationException', 'AutoAddPolicy', 'BadAuthenticationType', 'BadHostKeyException', 'BaseSFTP', 'BufferedFile', 'Channel', 'ChannelException', 'ChannelFile', 'DSSKey', 'HostKeys', 'InteractiveQuery', 'Message', 'MissingHostKeyPolicy', 'OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED', 'OPEN_FAILED_CONNECT_FAILED', 'OPEN_FAILED_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE', 'OPEN_FAILED_UNKNOWN_CHANNEL_TYPE', 'OPEN_SUCCEEDED', 'PKey', 'Packetizer', 'PasswordRequiredException', 'RSAKey', 'RejectPolicy', 'SFTP', 'SFTPAttributes', 'SFTPClient', 'SFTPError', 'SFTPFile', 'SFTPHandle', 'SFTPServer', 'SFTPServerInterface', 'SFTP_BAD_MESSAGE', 'SFTP_CONNECTION_LOST', 'SFTP_EOF', 'SFTP_FAILURE', 'SFTP_NO_CONNECTION', 'SFTP_NO_SUCH_FILE', 'SFTP_OK', 'SFTP_OP_UNSUPPORTED', 'SFTP_PERMISSION_DENIED', 'SSHClient', 'SSHConfig', 'SSHException', 'SecurityOptions', 'ServerInterface', 'SubsystemHandler', 'Transport', 'WarningPolicy', '__all__', '__author__', '__builtins__', '__date__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__license__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__version__', '__version_info__', 'agent', 'auth_handler', 'ber', 'buffered_pipe', 'channel', 'client', 'common', 'compress', 'config', 'dsskey', 'file', 'hostkeys', 'kex_gex', 'kex_group1', 'message', 'packet', 'pipe', 'pkey', 'primes', 'randpool', 'resource', 'rng', 'rng_posix', 'rsakey', 'server', 'sftp', 'sftp_attr', 'sftp_client', 'sftp_file', 'sftp_handle', 'sftp_server', 'sftp_si', 'ssh_exception', 'sys', 'transport', 'util']


>>>




例子1：ssh到多台主机，执行相同的命令。


#!/usr/bin/python


import paramiko


USER = 'root'


PASSWORD = '123456'


COMMAND = 'mkdir 888'


for line in open('/root/ip.txt'):


    IP = line


    paramiko.util.log_to_file('/root/zhu.log')


    s = paramiko.SSHClient()


    s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())


    s.connect(hostname=IP,username=USER,password=PASSWORD)


    s.exec_command(COMMAND)


    s.close


###############


[root@zhu ~]# cat ip.txt


192.168.56.101


192.168.56.102




例子2：把指定的文件上传到多台主机上。


#!/usr/bin/python


import paramiko


PORT = 22


USER = 'root'


PASSWORD = '123456'


REMORE_PATH = '/tmp/qianshan.txt'


LOCAL_PATH = '/root/1.txt'


for line in open('/root/ip.txt'):


    IP = line


    t = paramiko.Transport((IP,PORT))


    t.connect(username=USER,password=PASSWORD)


    s = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)


    s.put(LOCAL_PATH,REMORE_PATH)


    t.close


###################


192.168.56.101

192.168.56.102

自已实际操作：

报错：ImportError: No module named ecdsa

　解决办法：

　　下载安装包：https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/e/ecdsa/ecdsa-0.11.tar.gz

　　cd ecdsa-0.11

　　tar -xzf ecdsa-0.11.tar.gz

　　python setup.py install

---------------------------------用户名/密码方式--------------------------------------------------

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf-8


import paramiko
import sys
import os


host = sys.argv[1]
user = 'root'
password = '123456'


cmd = sys.argv[2]


#绑定实例
s = paramiko.SSHClient()


#加载本机host主机文件
s.load_system_host_keys()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())


s.connect(host,22,user,password,timeout=5)


#执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = s.exec_command(cmd)


#读取结果
cmd_result = stdout.read(), stderr.read()


for line in cmd_result:
    print line


s.close()

-------------------------ssh互信登陆---------------------------------------------------

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf-8


import paramiko
import sys
import os


host = sys.argv[1]
pkey_file = '/root/.ssh/id_rsa'
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pkey_file)


cmd = sys.argv[2]


s = paramiko.SSHClient()
s.load_system_host_keys()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())


s.connect(host,22,pkey=key,timeout=5)
stdin, stdout, stderr = s.exec_command(cmd)


cmd_result = stdout.read(), stderr.read()


for line in cmd_result:
    print line


s.close()

----------------------sftp传文件--------------------------------------------------------------

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf-8


import paramiko
import sys
import os


host = sys.argv[1]
myuser = 'root'
mypassword = '123456'


#绑定实例
s = paramiko.SSHClient()


#加载本机host主机文件
s.load_system_host_keys()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())


t = paramiko.Transport((host,22))
t.connect(username=myuser,password=mypassword)


sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
sftp.get('/home/paramkio_sftp.py','/tmp/paramiko2_sftp.py')
sftp.put('/home/test.py','/tmp/kkk.py')


t.close()