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当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。内容提供者将数据封装,只暴露出我们希望提供给其他程序的数据。内容提供者中数据更改可被监听。
在清单文件的
application节点下进行配置,provider标签中需要指定name和authorities属性name为类名,包名从程序Package开始,以“.”开始
authorities:是访问Provider时的路径,要唯一URI代表要操作的数据,由scheme、authorites、path三部分组成。
当外部应用需要对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作时,可以使用ContentResolver 类来完成,要获取ContentResolver 对象,可以使用Activity提供的getContentResolver()方法。 ContentResolver 类提供了与ContentProvider类相同签名的四个方法:
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values)
该方法用于往ContentProvider添加数据。
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
该方法用于从ContentProvider删除数据。
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
该方法用于更新ContentProvider中的数据。
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder)
该方法用于从ContentProvider中获取数据。
使用ContentResolver对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作:
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person”);
//添加一条记录
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(“name”, “itcast”);
values.put(“age”, 25);
resolver.insert(uri, values);
//获取person表中所有记录
Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, “personid desc”);
while(cursor.moveToNext()){
Log.i(“ContentTest”, “personid=”+ cursor.getInt(0)+ “,name=”+ cursor.getString(1));
}
//把id为1的记录的name字段值更改新为liming
ContentValues updateValues = new ContentValues();
updateValues.put(“name”, “liming”);
Uri updateIdUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 2);
resolver.update(updateIdUri, updateValues, null, null);
//删除id为2的记录
Uri deleteIdUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 2);
resolver.delete(deleteIdUri, null, null);
ContentProvider演示:
package com.sqlitedemo.providers;
import com.sqlitedemo.db.PersonSQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider";
private static final int PRESON_INSERT_CODE = 0; // 操作person表添加的操作的uri匹配码
private static final int PERSON_DELETE_CODE = 1;
private static final int PERSON_UPDATE_CODE = 2;
private static final int PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE = 3;
private static final int PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE = 4;
private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;
private PersonSQLiteOpenHelper mOpenHelper; // person表的数据库帮助对象
static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
// 添加一些uri(分机号)
// content://com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/insert
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/insert", PRESON_INSERT_CODE);
// content://com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/delete
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/delete", PERSON_DELETE_CODE);
// content://com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/update
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/update", PERSON_UPDATE_CODE);
// content://com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/queryAll
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/queryAll", PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE);
// content://com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/query/#
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/query/#", PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
mOpenHelper = new PersonSQLiteOpenHelper(getContext());
return true;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE: // 查询所有人的uri
if(db.isOpen()) {
Cursor cursor = db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
return cursor;
// db.close(); 返回cursor结果集时, 不可以关闭数据库
}
break;
case PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE: // 查询的是单条数据, uri末尾出有一个id
if(db.isOpen()) {
long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
Cursor cursor = db.query("person", projection, "_id = ?", new String[]{id + ""}, null, null, sortOrder);
return cursor;
}
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配: " + uri);
}
return null;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE: // 返回多条的MIME-type
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
case PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE: // 返回单条的MIME-TYPE
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PRESON_INSERT_CODE: // 添加人到person表中
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(db.isOpen()) {
long id = db.insert("person", null, values);
db.close();
return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);
}
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配: " + uri);
}
return null;
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_DELETE_CODE: // 在person表中删除数据的操作
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(db.isOpen()) {
int count = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);
db.close();
return count;
}
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配: " + uri);
}
return 0;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_UPDATE_CODE: // 更新person表的操作
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(db.isOpen()) {
int count = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);
db.close();
return count;
}
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配: " + uri);
}
return 0;
}
}