8-1-3运算符重载（扩展+，-..功能，定义一目运算符“-”）

/* (程序头部注释开始)
* 程序的版权和版本声明部分
* Copyright (c) 2011, 烟台大学计算机学院学生
* All rights reserved.
* 文件名称： 复数类中的运算符重载
* 作 者： 张传新
* 完成日期： 2012 年 04 月 07 日
* 版 本 号： V.1.0

* 对任务及求解方法的描述部分
* 问题描述：实现复数类中的运算符重载,定义一个复数类重载运算符+、-、*、/，使之能用于复数的加减乘除。
在方案二的基础上，扩展+、-、*、/运算符的功能，使之能与double型数据进行运算。设Complex c; double d; c?d和d?c的结果为将d视为实部为d的复数同c运算的结果（其中?为+、-、*、/之一）。另外，定义一目运算符-，-c相当于0-c。
* 程序头部的注释结束

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex
{
public:
	Complex(){real = 0;imag = 0;}
	Complex(double r,double i){real = r;imag = i;}
	friend Complex operator + (Complex &c1,Complex &c2);//复数加法
	friend Complex operator - (Complex &c1,Complex &c2);//复数减法
	friend Complex operator * (Complex &c1,Complex &c2);//复数乘法
	friend Complex operator / (Complex &c1,Complex &c2);//复数除法
	friend Complex operator + (Complex &c1,const double &i);//复数加非复数
	friend Complex operator + (const double &i,Complex &c1);//非复数加复数
	friend Complex operator - (Complex &c1);//定义一目运算符“-”
	void display();
private:
	double real;
	double imag;
};

//下面定义成员函数
void Complex::display()
{
	cout << "(" << real << ","  << imag << "i)" << endl;
}
//复数加法
Complex operator + (Complex &c1,Complex &c2)
 {
	 return Complex(c1.real + c2.real,c1.imag + c2.imag);
 }
//复数减法
Complex operator - (Complex &c1,Complex &c2)
 {
	 return Complex(c1.real - c2.real,c1.imag - c2.imag);
 }
//复数乘法
Complex operator * (Complex &c1,Complex &c2)
 {
	 return Complex(c1.real * c2.real - c1.imag * c2.imag,c1.imag * c2.real + c1.real * c2.imag);
 }
//复数除法
Complex operator /  (Complex &c1,Complex &c2)
 {
	 return Complex((c1.real*c2.real+c1.imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag), 
    (c1.imag*c2.real-c1.real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag));  

 }
//复数与double型相加
Complex operator+(Complex &c1,const double &i)  
{  
    return Complex(c1.real + i,c1.imag);  
}  
//double型与复数相加
Complex operator+(const double &i,Complex &c1)  
{  
    return Complex(c1.real + i,c1.imag);  
}  
//定义一目运算符“-”
Complex operator - (Complex &c1)
{
	return Complex(-c1.real,-c1.imag);
}

 void main()
 {
	 Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
	 cout<<"c1 = ";  
     c1.display();  
     cout<<"c2 = ";  
     c2.display();  
	 c3 = c1 + c2;
	 cout << "c1 + c2 = ";
	 c3.display();
	 c3 = c1 - c2;
	 cout << "c1 - c2 = ";
	 c3.display();
	 c3 = c1 * c2; 
	 cout << "c1 * c2 = ";
	 c3.display();
	 c3 = c1 / c2;
	 cout << "c1 / c2 = ";
	 c3.display();
	 c3 = c1 + 1.11;
	 cout << "c1 + 1.11 = ";
	 c3.display();
	 c3 = 1.11 + c1;
	 cout << "1.11 + c1 = ";
	 c3.display();
	 c3 = -c1;
	 cout<< "-c1 = ";
	 c3.display();
	 system("pause");
 }

运行结果：

经验积累：

1.重载不能改变运算符运算对象的个数。

2.重载的运算符必须和用户定义的自定义类型的对象一起

使用，其参数至少应有一个是类对象（或类对象的引用）。