ORACLE 常用函数

一）日期函数[重点掌握前四个日期函数]

1,add_months[返回日期加(减)指定月份后(前)的日期]

select sysdate S1,add_months(sysdate,10) S2,

add_months(sysdate,5) S3 from dual;

2,last_day [返回该月最后一天的日期]

select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

3,months_between[返回日期之间的月份数]

select sysdate S1, months_between('1-4月-04',sysdate) S2,

months_between('1-4月-04','1-2月-04') S3 from dual

4,next_day(d,day):返回下个星期的日期,day为1-7或星期日-星期六,1表示星期日

select sysdate S1,next_day(sysdate,1) S2,

next_day(sysdate,'星期日') S3 FROM DUAL

5,round[舍入到最接近的日期](day:舍入到最接近的星期日)

select sysdate S1,

round(sysdate) S2 ,

round(sysdate,'year') YEAR,

round(sysdate,'month') MONTH ,

round(sysdate,'day') DAY from dual

6,trunc[截断到最接近的日期]

select sysdate S1,

trunc(sysdate) S2,

trunc(sysdate,'year') YEAR,

trunc(sysdate,'month') MONTH ,

trunc(sysdate,'day') DAY from dual

7,返回日期列表中最晚日期

select greatest('01-1月-04','04-1月-04','10-2月-04') from dual

 

 

二）字符函数(可用于字面字符或数据库列)

1，字符串截取

select substr('abcdef',1,3) from dual

2,查找子串位置

select instr('abcfdgfdhd','fd') from dual

3,字符串连接

select 'HELLO'||'hello world' from dual;

4, 1)去掉字符串中的空格

select ltrim(' abc') s1,

rtrim('zhang ') s2,

trim(' zhang ') s3 from dual

2)去掉前导和后缀

select trim(leading 9 from 9998767999) s1,

trim(trailing 9 from 9998767999) s2,

trim(9 from 9998767999) s3 from dual;

5,返回字符串首字母的Ascii值

select ascii('a') from dual

6,返回ascii值对应的字母

select chr(97) from dual

7,计算字符串长度

select length('abcdef') from dual

8,initcap（首字母变大写）,lower(变小写),upper(变大写)

select lower('ABC') s1,

upper('def') s2,

initcap('efg') s3 from dual;

9,Replace

select replace('abc','b','xy') from dual;

10,translate

select translate('abc','b','xx') from dual; -- x是1位

11,lpad [左添充] rpad [右填充](用于控制输出格式)

select lpad('func',15,'=') s1, rpad('func',15,'-') s2 from dual;

select lpad(dname,14,'=') from dept;

12, decode[实现if ..then逻辑]

select deptno,decode(deptno,10,'1',20,'2',30,'3','其他') from dept;

 

三）数字函数

1，取整函数（ceil向上取整,floor向下取整）

select ceil(66.6) N1,floor(66.6) N2 from dual;

2,取幂(power)和求平方根(sqrt)

select power(3,2) N1,sqrt(9) N2 from dual;

3,求余

select mod(9,5) from dual;

4,返回固定小数位数(round:四舍五入，trunc:直接截断)

select round(66.667,2) N1,trunc(66.667,2) N2 from dual;

5,返回值的符号(正数返回为1,负数为-1)

select sign(-32),sign(293) from dual;