转自:http://blog.csdn.net/cutesource/article/details/7770055
客户端与服务端基于HTTP和WebSocket网络协议来通讯,其中HTTP用于从客户端向服务端的请求,WebSocket用于从服务端向客户端的推送,因此服务器端需要支持HTTP和WebSocket两种协议。HTTP好说,所有Web服务器都支持,而支持WebSocket的倒不多。
- Java阵营:Tomcat 7和Netty
- .Net阵营:System.Net.WebSockets
- Nodejs阵营:Socket.io
.Net和Nodejs俺不熟,就不作评论,Tomcat 7在最新版本里加入对Websocket支持,但我需要更为轻量级的方案,最好是内嵌,因此Netty就成了我首选。Netty源码里有websocket的Samples,我就是直接在samples上进行修改,总结下来需要如下几步:
- 打开网络端口
- (new Thread(new Runnable(){
- @Override
- public void run() {
- ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(
- Executors.newCachedThreadPool(), Executors.newCachedThreadPool()));
- // Set up the event pipeline factory.
- bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new WebSocketServerPipelineFactory());
- int port = 8080;
- // Bind and start to accept incoming connections.
- bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
- System.out.println("Web socket server started at port " + port + '.');
- }
- })).start();
- 创建处理数据流的pipeline,特别是加入Websocket的handler
- public class WebSocketServerPipelineFactory implements ChannelPipelineFactory {
- public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
- // Create a default pipeline implementation.
- ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
- pipeline.addLast("decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder());
- pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpChunkAggregator(65536));
- pipeline.addLast("encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());
- pipeline.addLast("handler", new WebSocketServerHandler());
- return pipeline;
- }
- }
- 实现在WebSocketServerHandler里实现messageReceived,接收网络数据。这里数据分为HTTP和WebSocket两种,如何是HTTP,那说明是处理最开始的Handshake阶段,这是需要为WebSocket建立握手
- // Handshake
- WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory wsFactory = new WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory(
- this.getWebSocketLocation(req), null, false);
- this.handshaker = wsFactory.newHandshaker(req);
- if (this.handshaker == null) {
- wsFactory.sendUnsupportedWebSocketVersionResponse(ctx.getChannel());
- } else {
- this.handshaker.handshake(ctx.getChannel(), req).addListener(WebSocketServerHandshaker.HANDSHAKE_LISTENER);
- }
- String request = ((TextWebSocketFrame) frame).getText();
- 向客户端推送数据,这里只要是channel没关,并且能拿到channel对象即可
- ctx.getChannel().write(new TextWebSocketFrame("some message"));
- 实现channelOpen、channelClosed等方法,实现对网络连接整个生命周期的监控
值得注意的是目前WebSocket的实现对二进制流支持不够好,因此当需要服务端向客户端推送类似与文件类IO流时,我采取的折中方案,就是先让websocket向客户端发通知,然后再让客户端向服务端请求文件下载,当然这样的代价就是两次连接,如果有更好的方案请推荐给我。
对于HTTP,Netty从原理上说是支持的,不过支持得不够好,最新的不稳定版本才有HTTP Request的解析支持,我也没太多时间来写这块,于是乎又找了另外一个可以内嵌的Web服务器Jetty来支持HTTP和servlet,当然我用了比较老版本的Jetty 6,这个版本比较轻量,内嵌比较简单,几行代码就可以打开网络端口并支持servlet:
- (new Thread(new Runnable(){
- @Override
- public void run() {
- int port = 8081;
- Server server = new Server(port);
- Context root = new Context(server,"/",Context.SESSIONS);
- root.addServlet(new ServletHolder(new LoginSTServlet()), "/login");
- try{
- server.start();
- System.out.println("Http server started at port " + port + '.');
- }catch(Exception err){
- err.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- })).start();