ffmpeg2.1对HEVC/H.265视频进行解码的例子

新版的ffmpeg 2.1已经加入了对最新视频编解码标准H.265/HEVC的支持，因此可以解码该格式的视频了。这对视频产业来说将起到一种巨大的推动作用。本文所示的demo是一个简单的H.265格式视频的playback程序，是在http://blog.csdn.net/mu399/article/details/5814859这篇文章的基础上针对新版ffmpeg2.1做了部分修改。与参考文章一样，这个demo同样没有加入播放延迟，所以视频的帧率是不正常的，随着学习的深入会逐渐解决这个问题。工程的下载地址为：http://download.csdn.net/detail/shaqoneal/6571657。

这个工程需要用到ffmpeg和SDL的库，如何将这些库加入到工程中，有很多教程可以参考，就不在这里赘述了，上传到资源中的工程已经设置好了。

文件很简单，头文件如下：

//header.h
#pragma once

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

源文件：

//main.cpp
#include "header.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "SDL/include/SDL.h"
#include <stdlib.h>   
#include <string.h>  
#include <math.h> 

static int sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC; 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
	AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = NULL;  
    int i, videoStream(-1);  
    AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx;  
    AVCodec *pCodec;  
    AVFrame *pFrame;  
    AVPacket packet;  
    int frameFinished;  
    float aspect_ratio;  
    AVCodecContext *aCodecCtx;  
    SDL_Overlay *bmp;  
    SDL_Surface *screen;  
    SDL_Rect rect;  
    SDL_Event event;  
    if(argc < 2)  
    {  
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: test /n");  
        exit(1);  
    }  
  
    av_register_all();  
 
    if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,argv[1],NULL,NULL))  
        return -1; // Couldn't open file  
    if(av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx)<0)  
        return -1; // Couldn't find stream information  
    // Dump information about file onto standard error  
//    dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, argv[1], 0);  
  
    // Find the first video stream  
    for(i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)  
    {  
        if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && videoStream<0)  
        {  
            videoStream=i;  
        }  
    }  
    if(videoStream==-1)  
      return -1; // Didn't find a video stream  
  
    // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream  
  
    pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;  
    pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);  
    if(pCodec==NULL)  
    {  
        fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec!/n");  
        return -1; // Codec not found  
    }  
    // Open codec  
    if(avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, NULL)<0)  
        return -1; // Could not open codec  
  
    // Allocate video frame  
    pFrame=avcodec_alloc_frame();  
  
    uint8_t *buffer;  
    int numBytes;  
    // Determine required buffer size and allocate buffer  
    numBytes=avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_RGB24, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);  
    buffer=(uint8_t *)av_malloc(numBytes*sizeof(uint8_t));  
  
    if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER))  
    {  
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize SDL - %s/n", SDL_GetError());  
        exit(1);  
    }  
  
#ifndef __DARWIN__  
    screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 0, 0);  
#else  
    screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 24, 0);  
#endif  
    if(!screen)  
    {  
        fprintf(stderr, "SDL: could not set video mode - exiting/n");  
        exit(1);  
    }  
  
    bmp = SDL_CreateYUVOverlay(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,  
        SDL_YV12_OVERLAY, screen);  
  
    static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;  
    if (img_convert_ctx == NULL)  
    {  
        img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,  
                                         pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,  
                                         pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,  
                                         PIX_FMT_YUV420P,  
                                         sws_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);  
        if (img_convert_ctx == NULL)  
        {  
            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize the conversion context/n");  
            exit(1);  
        }  
    }  
    i=0;  
    while(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet)>=0)  
    {  
        // Is this a packet from the video stream?  
        if(packet.stream_index==videoStream)  
        {  
            // Decode video frame  
            avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, &packet);

            // Did we get a video frame?  
            if(frameFinished)  
            {  
                // Convert the image from its native format to RGB  
                /*sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 
                      0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameRGB->data, pFrameRGB->linesize);*/  
                // Save the frame to disk  
                /*if(++i<=5) 
                    SaveFrame(pFrameRGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, i);*/  
                SDL_LockYUVOverlay(bmp);  
                AVPicture pict;  
                pict.data[0] = bmp->pixels[0];  
                pict.data[1] = bmp->pixels[2];  
                pict.data[2] = bmp->pixels[1];  
  
                pict.linesize[0] = bmp->pitches[0];  
                pict.linesize[1] = bmp->pitches[2];  
                pict.linesize[2] = bmp->pitches[1];  
  
                // Convert the image into YUV format that SDL uses  
                /*img_convert(&pict, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, 
                    (AVPicture *)pFrame, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, 
                    pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);*/  
                sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize,  
                    0, pCodecCtx->height, pict.data, pict.linesize);  
                SDL_UnlockYUVOverlay(bmp);  
                rect.x = 0;  
                rect.y = 0;  
                rect.w = pCodecCtx->width;  
                rect.h = pCodecCtx->height;  
                SDL_DisplayYUVOverlay(bmp, &rect);  
                //Sleep(60);  
            }  
        }  
  
        // Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame  
        av_free_packet(&packet);  
  
        SDL_PollEvent(&event);  
        switch(event.type)  
        {  
        case SDL_QUIT:  
            SDL_Quit();  
            exit(0);  
            break;  
        default: break;  
        }  
    };  
    // Free the RGB image  
    av_free(buffer);  
    //av_free(pFrameRGB);  
    // Free the YUV frame  
    av_free(pFrame);  
    // Close the codec  
    avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);  
    // Close the video file  
    av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);  
    return 0;  
};

今后一段时间里讲尽可能详细地解析上面的每一个类、语句的结构和作用，最终的目的是彻底搞通ffmpeg进行视频处理的原理，可以方便地完成基于ffmpeg的各种开发。一起加油吧！