设计参考的代码PS和PL端的下载链接如下，linuxkernel版本号4.4，基于Zedboard 的ADAU1761功放芯片
ADI公司kernel和hdlgit链接地址
Took Linux (device tree is included) from here https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/linux
And HDL from here https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/hdl先说一下为什么会写这篇文章，这篇文章是为了参考DMA其设计的产物，zynq系列器件为PL和PS之间提供了各种DMA，PS端pl330类型的DMA共8个channel，PL端有三种类型，根据需要channel可以有若干个。DMA是zynq系列器件的灵魂。通过它，才将PS和PL更加紧密的联系在了一起。
Zedboard启动时如下两行输出：
229 ALSA device list:
230 #0: HDMI monitor
231 #1: ZED ADAU1761输出信息是last.c文件打印出来的。231行是<sound/soc/adi/zed_adau1761.c>的102行指定的声卡名称，由zed_adau1761_probe调用snd_soc_register_card进行注册的。另一个声卡是由adv7511_hdmi.c文件注册的。这两个声卡的cpu dai是一样的。而audio dai一个是adv7511一个是adau1761.
<sound/last.c>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <sound/core.h>
static int __init alsa_sound_last_init(void)
{
int idx, ok = 0;
printk(KERN_INFO "ALSA device list:\n");
for (idx = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS; idx++)
if (snd_cards[idx] != NULL) {
printk(KERN_INFO " #%i: %s\n", idx, snd_cards[idx]->longname);
ok++;
}
if (ok == 0)
printk(KERN_INFO " No soundcards found.\n");
return 0;
}
late_initcall_sync(alsa_sound_last_init);<sound/sound_core.c>,由于只支持ALSA，所以该文件实际上只是创建了一个sound的class。
struct class *sound_class;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sound_class);
sound_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sound"); 337 static const char *snd_device_type_name(int type)
338 {
339 switch (type) {
340 case SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL:
341 return "control";
342 case SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP:
343 return "hardware dependent";
344 case SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI:
345 return "raw midi";
346 case SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK:
347 return "digital audio playback";
348 case SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE:
349 return "digital audio capture";
350 case SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_SEQUENCER:
351 return "sequencer";
352 case SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_TIMER:
353 return "timer";
354 default:
355 return "?";
356 }
357 }
358
359 static void snd_minor_info_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
360 {
361 int minor;
362 struct snd_minor *mptr;
363
364 mutex_lock(&sound_mutex);
365 for (minor = 0; minor < SNDRV_OS_MINORS; ++minor) {
366 if (!(mptr = snd_minors[minor]))
367 continue;
368 if (mptr->card >= 0) {
369 if (mptr->device >= 0)
370 snd_iprintf(buffer, "%3i: [%2i-%2i]: %s\n",
371 minor, mptr->card, mptr->device,
372 snd_device_type_name(mptr->type));
373 else
374 snd_iprintf(buffer, "%3i: [%2i] : %s\n",
375 minor, mptr->card,
376 snd_device_type_name(mptr->type));
377 } else
378 snd_iprintf(buffer, "%3i: : %s\n", minor,
379 snd_device_type_name(mptr->type));
380 }
381 mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
382 }
383
384 int __init snd_minor_info_init(void)
385 {
386 struct snd_info_entry *entry;
387
388 entry = snd_info_create_module_entry(THIS_MODULE, "devices", NULL);
389 if (!entry)
390 return -ENOMEM;
391 entry->c.text.read = snd_minor_info_read;
392 return snd_info_register(entry); /* freed in error path */
393 } root@linaro-ubuntu-desktop:/proc/asound# cat devices
0: [ 0] : control
16: [ 0- 0]: digital audio playback
32: [ 1] : control
33: : timer
48: [ 1- 0]: digital audio playback
56: [ 1- 0]: digital audio capture
root@linaro-ubuntu-desktop:/proc/asound# alsactl -v
alsactl version 1.0.24.2 root@linaro-ubuntu-desktop:/proc/asound# aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
Home directory /root not ours.
card 0: monitor [HDMI monitor], device 0: HDMI adv7511-0 []
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: ADAU1761 [ZED ADAU1761], device 0: adau1761 adau-hifi-0 []
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
root@linaro-ubuntu-desktop:/proc/asound#
Codec侧信息
<sound/soc/codecs/adau1761-i2c.c>
该函数是adau1761的i2c驱动注册函数，文件内容不长，全部粘贴于此：
10 #include <linux/i2c.h>
11 #include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/regmap.h>
14 #include <sound/soc.h>
15
16 #include "adau1761.h"
17
18 static int adau1761_i2c_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
19 const struct i2c_device_id *id)
20 {
21 struct regmap_config config;
22
23 config = adau1761_regmap_config;
24 config.val_bits = 8;
25 config.reg_bits = 16;
26
27 return adau1761_probe(&client->dev,
28 devm_regmap_init_i2c(client, &config),
29 id->driver_data, NULL);
30 }
31
32 static int adau1761_i2c_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
33 {
34 snd_soc_unregister_codec(&client->dev);
35 return 0;
36 }
37
38 static const struct i2c_device_id adau1761_i2c_ids[] = {
39 { "adau1361", ADAU1361 },
40 { "adau1461", ADAU1761 },
41 { "adau1761", ADAU1761 },
42 { "adau1961", ADAU1361 },
43 { }
44 };
45 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, adau1761_i2c_ids);
46
47 static struct i2c_driver adau1761_i2c_driver = {
48 .driver = {
49 .name = "adau1761",
50 },
51 .probe = adau1761_i2c_probe,
52 .remove = adau1761_i2c_remove,
53 .id_table = adau1761_i2c_ids,
54 };
55 module_i2c_driver(adau1761_i2c_driver);
56
57 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ASoC ADAU1361/ADAU1461/ADAU1761/ADAU1961 CODEC I2C driver");
58 MODULE_AUTHOR("Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>");
59 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");<sound/soc/codecs/adau1761.c>
926 const struct regmap_config adau1761_regmap_config = {
927 .val_bits = 8,
928 .reg_bits = 16,
929 .max_register = 0x40fa,
930 .reg_defaults = adau1761_reg_defaults,
931 .num_reg_defaults = ARRAY_SIZE(adau1761_reg_defaults),
932 .readable_reg = adau1761_readable_register,
933 .volatile_reg = adau17x1_volatile_register,
934 .precious_reg = adau17x1_precious_register,
935 .cache_type = REGCACHE_RBTREE,
936 };
937 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(adau1761_regmap_config);
938 回到adau1761_i2c_probe函数，第27行调用了adau1761_probe函数，这是codec侧的probe函数。这个函数定义于adau761.c。
899 int adau1761_probe(struct device *dev, struct regmap *regmap,
900 enum adau17x1_type type, void (*switch_mode)(struct device *dev))
901 {
902 struct snd_soc_dai_driver *dai_drv;
903 const char *firmware_name;
904 int ret;
905
906 /* ZED board hack */
907 if (!dev->platform_data)
908 dev->platform_data = &zed_pdata;
909
910 if (type == ADAU1361) {
911 dai_drv = &adau1361_dai_driver;
912 firmware_name = NULL;
913 } else {
914 dai_drv = &adau1761_dai_driver;
915 firmware_name = ADAU1761_FIRMWARE;
916 }
917
918 ret = adau17x1_probe(dev, regmap, type, switch_mode, firmware_name);
919 if (ret)
920 return ret;
921
922 return snd_soc_register_codec(dev, &adau1761_codec_driver, dai_drv, 1);
923 }
924 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(adau1761_probe);908和914行对应于同名.c文件的873~897行
873 static struct snd_soc_dai_driver adau1761_dai_driver = {
874 .name = "adau-hifi",
875 .playback = {
876 .stream_name = "Playback",
877 .channels_min = 2,
878 .channels_max = 8,
879 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_96000,
880 .formats = ADAU1761_FORMATS,
881 },
882 .capture = {
883 .stream_name = "Capture",
884 .channels_min = 2,
885 .channels_max = 8,
886 .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_96000,
887 .formats = ADAU1761_FORMATS,
888 },
889 .ops = &adau17x1_dai_ops,
890 };
891
892 static struct adau1761_platform_data zed_pdata = {
893 .input_differential = true,
894 .lineout_mode = ADAU1761_OUTPUT_MODE_LINE,
895 .headphone_mode = ADAU1761_OUTPUT_MODE_HEADPHONE,
896 .digmic_jackdetect_pin_mode = ADAU1761_DIGMIC_JACKDET_PIN_MODE_NONE,
897 };914行指示的是codec dai（digital audio interface）接口驱动，playback和capture分别对应于播放和接收的能力（采样率，通道数，IIS数据格式），关键的一项是adau17x1_dai_ops的调用。由于ADI公司该系列的功放芯片读写方法较为类似，所以将这个方法抽象到了<sound/soc/codecs/adau17x1.c>
684 const struct snd_soc_dai_ops adau17x1_dai_ops = {
685 .hw_params = adau17x1_hw_params,
686 .set_sysclk = adau17x1_set_dai_sysclk,
687 .set_fmt = adau17x1_set_dai_fmt,
688 .set_pll = adau17x1_set_dai_pll,
689 .set_tdm_slot = adau17x1_set_dai_tdm_slot,
690 .startup = adau17x1_startup,
691 };
692 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(adau17x1_dai_ops);snd_soc_register_codec(dev, &adau1761_codec_driver, dai_drv, 1);static const struct snd_soc_codec_driver adau1761_codec_driver = {
.probe = adau1761_codec_probe,
.resume = adau17x1_resume,
.set_bias_level = adau1761_set_bias_level,
.suspend_bias_off = true,
.controls = adau1761_controls,
.num_controls = ARRAY_SIZE(adau1761_controls),
.dapm_widgets = adau1x61_dapm_widgets,
.num_dapm_widgets = ARRAY_SIZE(adau1x61_dapm_widgets),
.dapm_routes = adau1x61_dapm_routes,
.num_dapm_routes = ARRAY_SIZE(adau1x61_dapm_routes),
};该函数用于注册一个codec到ASOC核心层。参数有codec driver， dai driver，最后的1是dai的个数。
前面的dai driver和codec driver依赖于struct snd_soc_codec这样的一个结构体，其就是在snd_soc_register_codec中进行注册的。
这就到了linux 内核alsa框架层了。<sound/soc/soc-core.c>
3049 int snd_soc_register_codec(struct device *dev,
3050 const struct snd_soc_codec_driver *codec_drv,
3051 struct snd_soc_dai_driver *dai_drv,
3052 int num_dai)
3053 {
3054 struct snd_soc_dapm_context *dapm;
3055 struct snd_soc_codec *codec;
3056 struct snd_soc_dai *dai;
3057 int ret, i;
3058
3059 dev_dbg(dev, "codec register %s\n", dev_name(dev));
3060
3061 codec = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_soc_codec), GFP_KERNEL);
3062 if (codec == NULL)
3063 return -ENOMEM;3065 codec->component.codec = codec;
3066
3067 ret = snd_soc_component_initialize(&codec->component,
3068 &codec_drv->component_driver, dev);
3069 if (ret)
3070 goto err_free;component->name将会以驱动名和总线地址的结合，这里就是adau1761.0-003b
component->dev = dev;
component->driver = driver;
component->probe = component->driver->probe;
component->remove = component->driver->remove;
component->controls = driver->controls;
component->num_controls = driver->num_controls;
component->dapm_widgets = driver->dapm_widgets;
component->num_dapm_widgets = driver->num_dapm_widgets;
component->dapm_routes = driver->dapm_routes;
component->num_dapm_routes = driver->num_dapm_routes;
3072 if (codec_drv->controls) {
3073 codec->component.controls = codec_drv->controls;
3074 codec->component.num_controls = codec_drv->num_controls;
3075 }
3076 if (codec_drv->dapm_widgets) {
3077 codec->component.dapm_widgets = codec_drv->dapm_widgets;
3078 codec->component.num_dapm_widgets = codec_drv->num_dapm_widgets;
3079 }
3080 if (codec_drv->dapm_routes) {
3081 codec->component.dapm_routes = codec_drv->dapm_routes;
3082 codec->component.num_dapm_routes = codec_drv->num_dapm_routes;
3083 }
3084
3085 if (codec_drv->probe)
3086 codec->component.probe = snd_soc_codec_drv_probe;
3087 if (codec_drv->remove)
3088 codec->component.remove = snd_soc_codec_drv_remove;
3089 if (codec_drv->write)
3090 codec->component.write = snd_soc_codec_drv_write;
3091 if (codec_drv->read)
3092 codec->component.read = snd_soc_codec_drv_read;
3093 codec->component.ignore_pmdown_time = codec_drv->ignore_pmdown_time;3102 codec->dev = dev;
3103 codec->driver = codec_drv;使用ASOC核心注册DAI设备
3119 ret = snd_soc_register_dais(&codec->component, dai_drv, num_dai, false);
2570 static int snd_soc_register_dais(struct snd_soc_component *component,
2571 struct snd_soc_dai_driver *dai_drv, size_t count,
2572 bool legacy_dai_naming)
2573 {
2574 struct device *dev = component->dev;
2575 struct snd_soc_dai *dai;
2576 unsigned int i;
2577 int ret;
2578
2579 dev_dbg(dev, "ASoC: dai register %s #%Zu\n", dev_name(dev), count);
2580
2581 component->dai_drv = dai_drv;
2582 component->num_dai = count;
2583
2584 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
2585
2586 dai = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_soc_dai), GFP_KERNEL);
2587 if (dai == NULL) {
2588 ret = -ENOMEM;
2589 goto err;
2590 }2616 dai->component = component;
2617 dai->dev = dev;
2618 dai->driver = &dai_drv[i];
2619 if (!dai->driver->ops)
2620 dai->driver->ops = &null_dai_ops;2622 list_add(&dai->list, &component->dai_list);
将dai用component的dai_list成员串接起来。在声卡实例化时用到该链表。
声卡的注册
adi/zed_adau1761.c:131: return snd_soc_register_card(card);
Binary file adi/adv7511_hdmi.o matches
Binary file adi/zed_adau1761.o matches
adi/adv7511_hdmi.c:73: return snd_soc_register_card(card);
Binary file adi/snd-soc-zed-adau1761.o matches
Binary file adi/built-in.o matches
Binary file built-in.o matches声卡包括两个部分，一个codec一个是cpudai，这两个部分会被绑定到一块，在devicetree中会注册。
<devicetree>
124 zed_sound: zed_sound {
125 compatible = "digilent,zed-sound";
126 audio-codec = <&adau1761>;
127 cpu-dai = <&axi_i2s_0>;
128 }; <sound/soc/adi/zed_adau1761.c>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/timer.h>
18 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
19 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
20 #include <linux/of.h>
21 #include <sound/core.h>
22 #include <sound/pcm.h>
23 #include <sound/soc.h>
24 #include "../codecs/adau17x1.h"
25
<span style="font-family:Droid Sans Fallback;">...</span>
142
143 static const struct of_device_id zed_adau1761_of_match[] = {
144 { .compatible = "digilent,zed-sound", },
145 {},
146 };
147 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, zed_adau1761_of_match);
148
149 static struct platform_driver zed_adau1761_card_driver = {
150 .driver = {
151 .name = "zed-adau1761-snd",
152 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
153 .of_match_table = zed_adau1761_of_match,
154 .pm = &snd_soc_pm_ops,
155 },
156 .probe = zed_adau1761_probe,
157 .remove = zed_adau1761_remove,
158 };
159 module_platform_driver(zed_adau1761_card_driver);<sound/soc/adi/zed_adau1761.c>
26 static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget zed_adau1761_widgets[] = {
27 SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Line Out", NULL),
28 SND_SOC_DAPM_HP("Headphone Out", NULL),
29 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Mic In", NULL),
30 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Line In", NULL),
31 };
32
33 static const struct snd_soc_dapm_route zed_adau1761_routes[] = {
34 { "Line Out", NULL, "LOUT" },
35 { "Line Out", NULL, "ROUT" },
36 { "Headphone Out", NULL, "LHP" },
37 { "Headphone Out", NULL, "RHP" },
38 { "Mic In", NULL, "MICBIAS" },
39 { "LINN", NULL, "Mic In" },
40 { "RINN", NULL, "Mic In" },
41 { "LAUX", NULL, "Line In" },
42 { "RAUX", NULL, "Line In" },
43 };
45 static int<span style="font-size:14px;"> zed_adau1761_hw_params</span>(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
46 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
47 {
48 struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd = substream->private_data;
49 struct snd_soc_dai *codec_dai = rtd->codec_dai;
50 unsigned int pll_rate;
51 int ret;
52
53 switch (params_rate(params)) {
54 case 48000:
55 case 8000:
56 case 12000:
57 case 16000:
58 case 24000:
59 case 32000:
60 case 96000:
61 pll_rate = 48000 * 1024;
62 break;
63 case 44100:
64 case 7350:
65 case 11025:
66 case 14700:
67 case 22050:
68 case 29400:
69 case 88200:
70 pll_rate = 44100 * 1024;
71 break;
72 default:
73 return -EINVAL;
74 }
75
76 ret = <span style="font-size:14px;">snd_soc_dai_set_pll(</span>codec_dai, ADAU17X1_PLL,
77 ADAU17X1_PLL_SRC_MCLK, 12288000, pll_rate);
78 if (ret)
79 return ret;
80
81 ret = <span style="font-size:14px;">snd_soc_dai_set_sysclk(</span>codec_dai, ADAU17X1_CLK_SRC_PLL, pll_rate,
82 SND_SOC_CLOCK_IN);
83
84 return ret;
85 }
86
87 static struct snd_soc_ops <span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_ops</span> = {
88 .hw_params =<span style="font-size:14px;"> zed_adau1761_hw_params</span>,
89 };
90
91 static struct snd_soc_dai_link <span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_dai_link </span>= {
92 .name = "adau1761",
93 .stream_name = "adau1761",
94 .codec_dai_name = "adau-hifi",
95 .dai_fmt = SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S |
96 SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF |
97 SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS,
98 .ops = &<span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_ops</span>,
99 };
100
101 static struct snd_soc_card <span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_card</span> = {
102 .name = "ZED ADAU1761",
103 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
104 .dai_link = &zed_adau1761_dai_link,
105 .num_links = 1,
106 .dapm_widgets = zed_adau1761_widgets,
107 .num_dapm_widgets = ARRAY_SIZE(zed_adau1761_widgets),
108 .dapm_routes = zed_adau1761_routes,
109 .num_dapm_routes = ARRAY_SIZE(zed_adau1761_routes),
110 .fully_routed = true,
111 };
112
113 static int zed_adau1761_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
114 {
115 struct snd_soc_card *card = &<span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_card</span>;
116 struct device_node *of_node = pdev->dev.of_node;
117
118 if (!of_node)
119 return -ENXIO;
120
121 card->dev = &pdev->dev;
122
123 <span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_dai_link</span>.codec_of_node = of_parse_phandle(of_node, "audio-codec", 0);
124 <span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;"> zed_adau1761_dai_link</span>.cpu_of_node = of_parse_phandle(of_node, "cpu-dai", 0);
125 <span style="font-size:14px;"> <span style="color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_dai_link</span></span>.platform_of_node = <span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_dai_link</span>.cpu_of_node;
126
127 if (!<span style="color:#FF6666;"><span style="font-size:14px;">zed_adau1761_dai_link</span>.</span>codec_of_node ||
128 !<span style="font-size:14px;color:#FF6666;">zed_adau1761_dai_link</span>.cpu_of_node)
129 return -ENXIO;
130
131 return <span style="font-size:14px;color:#9999FF;">snd_soc_register_card</span>(card);
132 }
dai_link字段是和CPU的dai将绑定的CODEC侧的 dai，其后的若干有damp字段是动态功耗管理之用。zed_adau1761_dai_link描述的是dai link相关信息，包括该dai支持的pcm数据格式和，dai的硬件codec的pll设置。
123~124行是解析设备树，获得codec侧和cpu侧的dai设备树信息。
<devicetree>
115 axi_i2s_0: axi-i2s@0x77600000 {
116 compatible = "adi,axi-i2s-1.00.a";
117 reg = <0x77600000 0x1000>;
118 dmas = <&dmac_s 1 &dmac_s 2>;
119 dma-names = "tx", "rx";
120 clocks = <&clkc 15>, <&audio_clock>;
121 clock-names = "axi", "ref"; 50 adau1761: adau1761@3b {
51 compatible = "adi,adau1761";
52 reg = <0x3b>;
53 }; 131行调用声卡注册函数,zed_adau1761_card的name字段就是文章开篇列出的最后扫描声卡链表打印的字段信息。
<sound/soc/soc-core.c>
2337 int snd_soc_register_card(struct snd_soc_card *card)
2338 {
2339 int i, j, ret;
2340
2341 if (!card->name || !card->dev)
2342 return -EINVAL;
2343
2344 for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) {
2345 struct snd_soc_dai_link *link = &card->dai_link[i];
2346
2347 ret = snd_soc_init_multicodec(card, link);
2348 if (ret) {
2349 dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: failed to init multicodec\n");
2350 return ret;
2351 }
2304 static int snd_soc_init_multicodec(struct snd_soc_card *card,
2305 struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link)
2306 {
2307 /* Legacy codec/codec_dai link is a single entry in multicodec */
2308 if (dai_link->codec_name || dai_link->codec_of_node ||
2309 dai_link->codec_dai_name) {
2310 dai_link->num_codecs = 1;
2311
2312 dai_link->codecs = devm_kzalloc(card->dev,
2313 sizeof(struct snd_soc_dai_link_component),
2314 GFP_KERNEL);
2315 if (!dai_link->codecs)
2316 return -ENOMEM;
2317
2318 dai_link->codecs[0].name = dai_link->codec_name;
2319 dai_link->codecs[0].of_node = dai_link->codec_of_node;
2320 dai_link->codecs[0].dai_name = dai_link->codec_dai_name;
2321 }
2322
2323 if (!dai_link->codecs) {
2324 dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: DAI link has no CODECs\n");
2325 return -EINVAL;
2326 }
2327
2328 return 0;
2329 }
2301行将num_codecs赋值为1，该循环同样只执行一次。
2407 dev_set_drvdata(card->dev, card);
2408
2409 snd_soc_initialize_card_lists(card);
static inline void snd_soc_initialize_card_lists(struct snd_soc_card *card)
{
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->codec_dev_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->widgets);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->paths);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->dapm_list);
}初始化声卡的runtime环境。
2411 card->rtd = devm_kzalloc(card->dev,
2412 sizeof(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime) *
2413 (card->num_links + card->num_aux_devs),
2414 GFP_KERNEL);
2415 if (card->rtd == NULL)
2416 return -ENOMEM;
2417 card->num_rtd = 0;
2418 card->rtd_aux = &card->rtd[card->num_links];
2420 for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) {
2421 card->rtd[i].card = card;
2422 card->rtd[i].dai_link = &card->dai_link[i];
2423 card->rtd[i].codec_dais = devm_kzalloc(card->dev,
2424 sizeof(struct snd_soc_dai *) *
2425 (card->rtd[i].dai_link->num_codecs),
2426 GFP_KERNEL);
2427 if (card->rtd[i].codec_dais == NULL)
2428 return -ENOMEM;
2429 }
2440 ret = snd_soc_instantiate_card(card);
2441 if (ret != 0)
2442 return ret;CPU侧i2s
CPU侧的i2s和通常的AP芯片不一样，这是因为zynq芯片的ps端并没有i2s控制的硬核，该核是在PL端使用verilog编写的iis控制器。其还涉及到DMA将数据传递给IIS控制器。
259 static const struct of_device_id axi_i2s_of_match[] = {
260 { .compatible = "adi,axi-i2s-1.00.a", },
261 {},
262 };
263 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, axi_i2s_of_match);
264
265 static struct platform_driver axi_i2s_driver = {
266 .driver = {
267 .name = "axi-i2s",
268 .of_match_table = axi_i2s_of_match,
269 },
270 .probe = axi_i2s_probe,
271 .remove = axi_i2s_dev_remove,
272 };
273 module_platform_driver(axi_i2s_driver);
115 axi_i2s_0: axi-i2s@0x77600000 {
116 compatible = "adi,axi-i2s-1.00.a";
117 reg = <0x77600000 0x1000>;
118 dmas = <&dmac_s 1 &dmac_s 2>;
119 dma-names = "tx", "rx";
120 clocks = <&clkc 15>, <&audio_clock>;
121 clock-names = "axi", "ref";
122 };
/* 第116行的字段和<sound/soc/adi/axi-i2s.c>的260行相互匹配，reg这个字段在vivado的block design中Address Editor可以看出0x77600000是i2s是基地址，
0x1000是寄存器段的大小，dmas是dma字段，使用了PS端的dmac 1和dmac 2，dmac 0在vivado的设计中并没有设备，所以spdif的驱动并没有注册，这两个dma分别用于发送和
接收，clocks字段第一个是axi接口的时钟，第二个是iis的master时钟，这里就是12.288MHz。 这个IIS 控制器dai，实际上在PL里，但是相对adau1761这些外置dai而言，它们是cpu dai*/ 181 static int axi_i2s_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
182 {
183 struct resource *res;
184 struct axi_i2s *i2s;
185 void __iomem *base;
186 int ret;
187
188 i2s = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*i2s), GFP_KERNEL);
189 if (!i2s)
190 return -ENOMEM;
191
192 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, i2s);
193
194 res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
195 base = devm_ioremap_resource(&pdev->dev, res);
196 if (IS_ERR(base))
197 return PTR_ERR(base);接下来根据设备树获得axi模块时钟和参考mclk时钟。它们分别在设备树那里讲过这些字段的意义。接着使能i2s模块的时钟。
204 i2s->clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "axi");
205 if (IS_ERR(i2s->clk))
206 return PTR_ERR(i2s->clk);
207
208 i2s->clk_ref = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "ref");
209 if (IS_ERR(i2s->clk_ref))
210 return PTR_ERR(i2s->clk_ref);
211
212 ret = clk_prepare_enable(i2s->clk);
213 if (ret)
214 return ret;
216 i2s->playback_dma_data.addr = res->start + AXI_I2S_REG_TX_FIFO;
217 i2s->playback_dma_data.addr_width = 4;
218 i2s->playback_dma_data.maxburst = 1;
219
220 i2s->capture_dma_data.addr = res->start + AXI_I2S_REG_RX_FIFO;
221 i2s->capture_dma_data.addr_width = 4;
222 i2s->capture_dma_data.maxburst = 1;
223
232 regmap_write(i2s->regmap, AXI_I2S_REG_RESET, AXI_I2S_RESET_GLOBAL);234 ret = devm_snd_soc_register_component(&pdev->dev, &axi_i2s_component,
235 &axi_i2s_dai, 1);
236 if (ret)
237 goto err_clk_disable;
238
239 ret = devm_snd_dmaengine_pcm_register(&pdev->dev, NULL, 0);
240 if (ret)
241 goto err_clk_disable;
static struct snd_soc_dai_driver axi_i2s_dai = {
.probe = axi_i2s_dai_probe,
.playback = {
.channels_min = 2,
.channels_max = 2,
.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT,
.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U32_LE,
},
.capture = {
.channels_min = 2,
.channels_max = 2,
.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT,
.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U32_LE,
},
.ops = &<span style="font-size:18px;color:#FF6666;">axi_i2s_dai_ops</span>,
.symmetric_rates = 1,
};static const struct snd_soc_component_driver axi_i2s_component = {
.name = "axi-i2s",
};和codec类似ops指向了cpu侧dai的操作集。
static const struct snd_soc_dai_ops axi_i2s_dai_ops = {
.startup = axi_i2s_startup,
.shutdown = axi_i2s_shutdown,
.trigger = axi_i2s_trigger,
.hw_params = axi_i2s_hw_params,
};这里就是cpu侧dai的操作集。
239行是沟通DMA和ALSA的桥梁，是窥探DMA使用的好线索。
这里总结一下，zynq上功放驱动，设备codec，machine以及cpu三个方面，codec定义了其dai能力，cpu侧定义了cpu侧dai的能力，machine用于绑定这两个设备。由于codec侧dai和cpu侧dai的功能类似，它们的代码也是相似的。在cpu侧的dai会应用dma方式传递数据，但是dma的初始化并不在这里，设备树里专门有关于dma的初始化。
由此可见DMA是内核传递数据的一种方式，其本身并不是一个设备，所以在使用DMA时，需要抽象设备驱动，并将dma方式封装成driver为设备提供的读写方法。
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