在Linux单机上运行Hadoop-0.19.0实例

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最新推荐文章于 2021-10-27 23:58:13 发布

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分类专栏： Open Source 文章标签： linux input server output logging hadoop

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Hadoop-0.19.0的代码可以到Apache上下载，链接为http://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/core/hadoop-0.19.0/，我使用的Linux机器是RHEL 5，Linux上安装的Java版本为1.6.0_16，并且JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_16。

实践过程

1、ssh无密码验证登陆localhost

保证Linux系统的ssh服务已经启动，并保证能够通过无密码验证登陆本机Linux系统。如果不能保证，可以按照如下的步骤去做：

（1）启动命令行窗口，执行命令行：

$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa 
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

（2）ssh登陆localhost，执行命令行：

$ ssh localhost

第一次登录，会提示你无法建立到127.0.0.1的连接，是否要建立，输入yes即可，下面是能够通过无密码验证登陆的信息：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# ssh localhost
Last login: Sun Aug 1 18:35:37 2010 from 192.168.0.104
[root@localhost ~]#

2、Hadoop-0.19.0配置

下载hadoop-0.19.0.tar.gz，大约是40.3M，解压缩到Linux系统指定目录，这里我的是/root/hadoop-0.19.0目录下。

下面按照有序的步骤来说明配置过程：

（1）修改hadoop-env.sh配置

将Java环境的配置进行修改后，并取消注释“#”，修改后的行为：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_16

（2）修改hadoop-site.xml配置

在<configuration>与</configuration>加上3个属性的配置，修改后的配置文件内容为：

<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>  <configuration> <property> <name>fs.default.name</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value> </property> <property> <name>mapred.job.tracker</name> <value>localhost:9001</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property> </configuration>

3、运行wordcount实例

wordcount例子是hadoop发行包中自带的实例，通过运行实例可以感受并尝试理解hadoop在执行MapReduce任务时的执行过程。按照官方的“Hadoop Quick Start”教程基本可以容易地实现，下面简单说一下我的练习过程。

导航到hadoop目录下面，我的是/root/hadoop-0.19.0。

（1）格式化HDFS

执行格式化HDFS的命令行：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop namenode -format

格式化执行信息如下所示：

10/08/01 19:04:02 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: 
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG:   host = localhost/127.0.0.1
STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG:   version = 0.19.0
STARTUP_MSG:   build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/core/branches/branch-0.19 -r 713890; compiled by 'ndaley' on Fri Nov 14 03:12:29 UTC 2008
************************************************************/
Re-format filesystem in /tmp/hadoop-root/dfs/name ? (Y or N) y
Format aborted in /tmp/hadoop-root/dfs/name
10/08/01 19:04:05 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: 
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at localhost/127.0.0.1
************************************************************/

（2）启动Hadoop相关后台进程

执行命令行：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/start-all.sh

启动执行信息如下所示：

starting namenode, logging to /root/hadoop-0.19.0/bin/../logs/hadoop-root-namenode-localhost.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /root/hadoop-0.19.0/bin/../logs/hadoop-root-datanode-localhost.out
localhost: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /root/hadoop-0.19.0/bin/../logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-localhost.out
starting jobtracker, logging to /root/hadoop-0.19.0/bin/../logs/hadoop-root-jobtracker-localhost.out
localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /root/hadoop-0.19.0/bin/../logs/hadoop-root-tasktracker-localhost.out

（3）准备执行wordcount任务的数据

首先，这里在本地创建了一个数据目录input，并拷贝一些文件到该目录下面，如下所示：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# mkdir input
[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# cp CHANGES.txt LICENSE.txt NOTICE.txt README.txt input/

然后，将本地目录input上传到HDFS文件系统上，执行如下命令：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop fs -put input/ input

（4）启动wordcount任务

执行如下命令行：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop jar hadoop-0.19.0-examples.jar wordcount input output

元数据目录为input，输出数据目录为output。

任务执行信息如下所示：

10/08/01 19:06:15 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 4
10/08/01 19:06:15 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201008011904_0002
10/08/01 19:06:16 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0%
10/08/01 19:06:22 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 20% reduce 0%
10/08/01 19:06:24 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 40% reduce 0%
10/08/01 19:06:25 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 60% reduce 0%
10/08/01 19:06:27 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 80% reduce 0%
10/08/01 19:06:28 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 0%
10/08/01 19:06:38 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 26%
10/08/01 19:06:40 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 100%
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201008011904_0002
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 16
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:   File Systems
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     HDFS bytes read=301489
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     HDFS bytes written=113098
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Local bytes read=174004
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Local bytes written=348172
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Job Counters 
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched reduce tasks=1
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched map tasks=5
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Data-local map tasks=5
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Map-Reduce Framework
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Reduce input groups=8997
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Combine output records=10860
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map input records=7363
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Reduce output records=8997
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output bytes=434077
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map input bytes=299871
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Combine input records=39193
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output records=39193
10/08/01 19:06:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Reduce input records=10860

（5）查看任务执行结果

可以通过如下命令行：

bin/hadoop fs -cat output/*

执行结果，截取部分显示如下所示：

vijayarenu      20
violations.     1
virtual 3
vis-a-vis       1
visible 1
visit   1
volume  1
volume, 1
volumes 2
volumes.        1
w.r.t   2
wait    9
waiting 6
waiting.        1
waits   3
want    1
warning 7
warning,        1
warnings        12
warnings.       3
warranties      1
warranty        1
warranty,       1

（6）终止Hadoop相关后台进程

执行如下命令行：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/stop-all.sh

执行信息如下所示：
stopping jobtracker
localhost: stopping tasktracker
stopping namenode
localhost: stopping datanode
localhost: stopping secondarynamenode

已经将上面列出的5个进程jobtracker、tasktracker、namenode、datanode、secondarynamenode终止。

异常分析

在进行上述实践过程中，可能会遇到某种异常情况，大致分析如下：

1、Call to localhost/127.0.0.1:9000 failed on local exception异常

（1）异常描述

可能你会在执行如下命令行的时候出现：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop jar hadoop-0.19.0-examples.jar wordcount input output

出错异常信息如下所示：

10/08/01 19:50:55 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 0 time(s).
10/08/01 19:50:56 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 1 time(s).
10/08/01 19:50:57 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 2 time(s).
10/08/01 19:50:58 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 3 time(s).
10/08/01 19:50:59 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 4 time(s).
10/08/01 19:51:00 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 5 time(s).
10/08/01 19:51:01 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 6 time(s).
10/08/01 19:51:02 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 7 time(s).
10/08/01 19:51:03 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 8 time(s).
10/08/01 19:51:04 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000. Already tried 9 time(s).
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.IOException: Call to localhost/127.0.0.1:9000 failed on local exception: Connection refused
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.getWorkingDirectory(JobConf.java:323)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(FileInputFormat.java:295)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(FileInputFormat.java:268)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount.run(WordCount.java:146)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:65)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount.main(WordCount.java:155)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:68)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.driver(ProgramDriver.java:141)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:61)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:165)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobShell.run(JobShell.java:54)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:65)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:79)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobShell.main(JobShell.java:68)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Call to localhost/127.0.0.1:9000 failed on local exception: Connection refused
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:699)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Invoker.invoke(RPC.java:216)
        at $Proxy0.getProtocolVersion(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC.getProxy(RPC.java:319)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.createRPCNamenode(DFSClient.java:104)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.<init>(DFSClient.java:177)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.initialize(DistributedFileSystem.java:74)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.createFileSystem(FileSystem.java:1367)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.access$200(FileSystem.java:56)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem$Cache.get(FileSystem.java:1379)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.get(FileSystem.java:215)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.get(FileSystem.java:120)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf.getWorkingDirectory(JobConf.java:319)
        ... 21 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
        at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.checkConnect(Native Method)
        at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:574)
        at sun.nio.ch.SocketAdaptor.connect(SocketAdaptor.java:100)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupIOstreams(Client.java:299)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.access$1700(Client.java:176)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.getConnection(Client.java:772)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:685)
        ... 33 more

（2）异常分析

从上述异常信息分析，这句是关键：

Retrying connect to server: localhost/127.0.0.1:9000.

是说在尝试10次连接到“server”时都无法成功，这就说明到server的通信链路是不通的。我们已经在hadoop-site.xml中配置了namenode结点的值，如下所示：

<property> <name>fs.default.name</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value> </property>

所以，敢肯定是无法连接到server，也就是很可能namenode进程根本就没有启动，更不必谈要执行任务了。

上述异常，我模拟的过程是：

格式化了HDFS，但是没有执行bin/start-all.sh，直接启动wordcount任务，就出现上述异常。

所以，应该执行bin/start-all.sh以后再启动wordcount任务。

2、Input path does not exist异常

（1）异常描述

当你在当前hadoop目录下面创建一个input目录，并cp某些文件到里面，开始执行：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop namenode -format

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/start-all.sh

这时候，你认为input已经存在，应该可以执行wordcount任务了：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop jar hadoop-0.19.0-examples.jar wordcount input output

结果抛出一堆异常，信息如下：

org.apache.hadoop.mapred.InvalidInputException: Input path does not exist: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/root/input
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.listStatus(FileInputFormat.java:179)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.getSplits(FileInputFormat.java:190)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJob(JobClient.java:782)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.runJob(JobClient.java:1127)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount.run(WordCount.java:149)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:65)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount.main(WordCount.java:155)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:68)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.driver(ProgramDriver.java:141)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:61)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:165)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobShell.run(JobShell.java:54)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:65)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:79)
        at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobShell.main(JobShell.java:68)

上述异常，我模拟的过程是：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop fs -rmr input
Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/root/input

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop fs -rmr output
Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/root/output

因为之前我已经成功执行过一次。

（2）异常分析

应该不用多说了，是因为本地的input目录并没有上传到HDFS上，所出现org.apache.hadoop.mapred.InvalidInputException: Input path does not exist: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/root/input

在我的印象中，好像使用hadoop-0.16.4的时候，只要input目录存在，是不用执行上传命令，就可以运行的，后期的版本是不行的。

只需要执行上传的命令即可：

[root@localhost hadoop-0.19.0]# bin/hadoop fs -put input/ input

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在Linux单机上运行Hadoop-0.19.0实例

Hadoop-0.19.0的代码可以到Apache上下载，链接为http://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/core/hadoop-0.19.0/，我使用的Linux机器是RHEL 5，Linux上安装的Java版本为1.6.0_16，并且JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_16。实践过程 1、ssh无密码验证登陆localh
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