JAVA动态代理内部实现

JAVA动态代理内部实现

一　代理设计模式

代理模式为目标对象提供一种代理以控制对实际对象的访问。在某些情况下，一个客户不想或者不能直接引用另一个对象，而代理对象可以在客户端和目标对象之间起到中介的作用。

为了保持行为的一致性，代理类和实际委托类通常会实现相同的接口，所以在访问者看来两者没有丝毫的区别。

　代理模式类图　　

常见的代理有:
1) 远程代理(Remote proxy)：对一个位于不同的地址空间对象提供一个局域代表对象，如RMI中的stub。　
2) 虚拟代理(Virtual proxy)：根据需要将一个资源消耗很大或者比较复杂的对象，延迟加载，在真正需要的时候才创建。
3) 保护代理(Protect or Access Proxy)：控制对一个对象的访问权限。
4) 智能引用(Smart Reference Proxy)：提供比目标对象额外的服务和功能。

通过代理类这一中间层，能够有效控制对实际委托类对象的直接访问，也可以很好地隐藏和保护实际对，实施不同的控制策略，从而在设计上获得了更大的灵活性。

二　动态代理使用

JAVA动态代理机制以巧妙的方式实现了代理模式的设计理念。

 

 

动态代理类图

动态代理在代理ProxySubject和RealSubject之间增加了InvocationHandler，这是一种通信间接化， 增加了灵 性性，例如可以把这个中间层实现为一个框架Framework，直接通过xml文件等方式来调用RealSubject。

在普通的设计中，我们一般不会使用动态代理。但是在一些框架结构设计中，动态代理非常重要，如RMI,EJB中都使用动态代理。

 

interface Subject { public void doSomething(); } class RealSubject implements Subject { public void doSomething() { System.out.println( "call doSomething()" ); } } class ProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler { private Object proxied; public ProxyHandler( Object proxied ) { this.proxied = proxied; } public Object invoke( Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args ) throws Throwable { return method.invoke( proxied, args); } }

 

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator; import java.io.*; public class DynamicProxy { public static void main( String args[] ) { RealSubject real = new RealSubject(); Subject proxySubject = ( Subject ) 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　Proxy.newProxyInstance( 　　　　　　　　　　　Subject.class.getClassLoader(), 　　　new Class[] { Subject.class }, 　new ProxyHandler( real ) ); proxySubject.doSomething(); 　　//write proxySubject class binary data to file createProxyClassFile(); } public static void createProxyClassFile() { String name = "ProxySubject"; byte[] data = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( name, new Class[] { Subject.class } ); try { FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream( name + ".class" ); out.write( data ); out.close(); } catch( Exception e ) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

 

三　动态代理内部实现

类Proxy的getProxyClass方法调用ProxyGenerator的 generateProxyClass方法产生ProxySubject.class的二进制数据：

public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name, Class[] interfaces)

 

我们可以import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator，调用 generateProxyClass方法产生binary data，然后写入文件，最后通过反编译工具来查看内部实现原理。

 

反编译后的ProxySubject.java：

import java.lang.reflect.*; public final class ProxySubject extends Proxy implements Subject { private static Method m1; private static Method m0; private static Method m3; private static Method m2; public ProxySubject(InvocationHandler invocationhandler) { super(invocationhandler); } public final boolean equals(Object obj) { try { return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { obj })).booleanValue(); } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } public final int hashCode() { try { return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue(); } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } public final void doSomething() { try { super.h.invoke(this, m3, null); return; } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } public final String toString() { try { return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, null); } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } static { try { m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") }); m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]); m3 = Class.forName("Subject").getMethod("doSomething", new Class[0]); m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]); } catch(NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception) { throw new NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage()); } catch(ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception) { throw new NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage()); } } }

 

通过 ProxySubject.java，我们可以看到动态代理的内部是如何实现的，并且我们可以实现自己的一个动态代理生成器。

ProxyGenerator内部是如何生成class二进制数据，可以参考源代码。

 

private byte[] generateClassFile() { /* * Record that proxy methods are needed for the hashCode, equals, * and toString methods of java.lang.Object. This is done before * the methods from the proxy interfaces so that the methods from * java.lang.Object take precedence over duplicate methods in the * proxy interfaces. */ addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class); addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class); addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class); /* * Now record all of the methods from the proxy interfaces, giving * earlier interfaces precedence over later ones with duplicate * methods. */ for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) { Method[] methods = interfaces[i].getMethods(); for (int j = 0; j < methods.length; j++) { addProxyMethod(methods[j], interfaces[i]); } } /* * For each set of proxy methods with the same signature, * verify that the methods' return types are compatible. */ for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) { checkReturnTypes(sigmethods); } /* ============================================================ * Step 2: Assemble FieldInfo and MethodInfo structs for all of * fields and methods in the class we are generating. */ try { methods.add(generateConstructor()); for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) { for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) { // add static field for method's Method object fields.add(new FieldInfo(pm.methodFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;", ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC)); // generate code for proxy method and add it methods.add(pm.generateMethod()); } } methods.add(generateStaticInitializer()); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception"); } /* ============================================================ * Step 3: Write the final class file. */ /* * Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the * following items before starting to write the final class file. */ cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className)); cp.getClass(superclassName); for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) { cp.getClass(dotToSlash(interfaces[i].getName())); } /* * Disallow new constant pool additions beyond this point, since * we are about to write the final constant pool table. */ cp.setReadOnly(); ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(bout); try { /* * Write all the items of the "ClassFile" structure. * See JVMS section 4.1. */ // u4 magic; dout.writeInt(0xCAFEBABE); // u2 minor_version; dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MINOR_VERSION); // u2 major_version; dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MAJOR_VERSION); cp.write(dout); // (write constant pool) // u2 access_flags; dout.writeShort(ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SUPER); // u2 this_class; dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className))); // u2 super_class; dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(superclassName)); // u2 interfaces_count; dout.writeShort(interfaces.length); // u2 interfaces[interfaces_count]; for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) { dout.writeShort(cp.getClass( dotToSlash(interfaces[i].getName()))); } // u2 fields_count; dout.writeShort(fields.size()); // field_info fields[fields_count]; for (FieldInfo f : fields) { f.write(dout); } // u2 methods_count; dout.writeShort(methods.size()); // method_info methods[methods_count]; for (MethodInfo m : methods) { m.write(dout); } // u2 attributes_count; dout.writeShort(0); // (no ClassFile attributes for proxy classes) } catch (IOException e) { throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception"); } return bout.toByteArray();