linux创建raw设备

总结一下，看了一下他们的blog，几乎没有谁详细的总结raw的创建。

其实raw设备创建要分多路径链路创建和普通创建。

[root@localhost dev]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             241G  6.3G  222G   3% /
/dev/sda1              99M   13M   82M  14% /boot
tmpfs                  32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
[root@localhost dev]# multipath -ll
mpath2 (36d4ae52000a8364a000003bc50f4ef28) dm-1 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:0:0  sdab 65:176 [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:1:0  sdo  8:224  [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:1:0  sdao 66:128 [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:0:0  sdb  8:16   [active][ghost]
mpath1 (36d4ae52000a835fb0000033c50f0853d) dm-0 DELL,Universal Xport
[size=20M][features=0][hwhandler=0][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=4][active]
 \_ 1:0:1:31 sdaa 65:160 [active][ready]
 \_ 2:0:0:31 sdan 66:112 [active][ready]
 \_ 2:0:1:31 sdba 67:64  [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:0:31 sdn  8:208  [active][ready]
mpath0 (36d4ae52000a8364a000003c550f4ef74) dm-12 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:0:11 sdam 66:96  [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:1:11 sdz  65:144 [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:1:11 sdaz 67:48  [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:0:11 sdm  8:192  [active][ghost]
mpath9 (36d4ae52000a8364a000003c150f4ef4e) dm-8 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:0:7  sdai 66:32  [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:1:7  sdv  65:80  [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:1:7  sdav 66:240 [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:0:7  sdi  8:128  [active][ghost]
mpath8 (36d4ae52000a835fb000003d150f4f655) dm-7 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:1:6  sdau 66:224 [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:0:6  sdh  8:112  [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:0:6  sdah 66:16  [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:1:6  sdu  65:64  [active][ghost]
mpath7 (36d4ae52000a8364a000003bf50f4ef3a) dm-6 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:0:5  sdag 66:0   [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:1:5  sdt  65:48  [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:1:5  sdat 66:208 [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:0:5  sdg  8:96   [active][ghost]
mpath6 (36d4ae52000a835fb000003cf50f4f643) dm-5 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:1:4  sdas 66:192 [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:0:4  sdf  8:80   [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:0:4  sdaf 65:240 [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:1:4  sds  65:32  [active][ghost]
mpath12 (36d4ae52000a835fb000003d550f4f679) dm-11 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:1:10 sday 67:32  [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:0:10 sdl  8:176  [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:0:10 sdal 66:80  [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:1:10 sdy  65:128 [active][ghost]
mpath5 (36d4ae52000a835fb000003d950f4f69e) dm-4 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:1:3  sdar 66:176 [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:0:3  sde  8:64   [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:0:3  sdae 65:224 [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:1:3  sdr  65:16  [active][ghost]
mpath11 (36d4ae52000a8364a000003c350f4ef5f) dm-10 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:0:9  sdak 66:64  [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:1:9  sdx  65:112 [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:1:9  sdax 67:16  [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:0:9  sdk  8:160  [active][ghost]
mpath4 (36d4ae52000a8364a000003c750f4ef85) dm-3 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:0:2  sdad 65:208 [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:1:2  sdq  65:0   [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:1:2  sdaq 66:160 [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:0:2  sdd  8:48   [active][ghost]
mpath10 (36d4ae52000a835fb000003d350f4f667) dm-9 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:1:8  sdaw 67:0   [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:0:8  sdj  8:144  [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:0:8  sdaj 66:48  [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:1:8  sdw  65:96  [active][ghost]
mpath3 (36d4ae52000a835fb000003d750f4f68d) dm-2 DELL,MD32xx
[size=1.8T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
 \_ 2:0:1:1  sdap 66:144 [active][ready]
 \_ 1:0:0:1  sdc  8:32   [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
 \_ 2:0:0:1  sdac 65:192 [active][ghost]
 \_ 1:0:1:1  sdp  8:240  [active][ghost]
[root@localhost dev]# ls /dev/mapper/
control  mpath0p1  mpath10    mpath11    mpath12    mpath2    mpath3    mpath4    mpath5    mpath6    mpath7    mpath8    mpath9
mpath0   mpath1    mpath10p1  mpath11p1  mpath12p1  mpath2p1  mpath3p1  mpath4p1  mpath5p1  mpath6p1  mpath7p1  mpath8p1  mpath9p1

 

 [root@localhost dev]# ls /dev/mapper/
control  mpath0p1  mpath10    mpath11    mpath12    mpath2    mpath3    mpath4    mpath5    mpath6    mpath7    mpath8    mpath9
mpath0   mpath1    mpath10p1  mpath11p1  mpath12p1  mpath2p1  mpath3p1  mpath4p1  mpath5p1  mpath6p1  mpath7p1  mpath8p1  mpath9p1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

---情况二   （不是多路径）

[root@DP1 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
# raw device bindings
# format:  <rawdev> <major> <minor>
#          <rawdev> <blockdev>
# example: /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1
#          /dev/raw/raw2 8 5

#crs
/dev/raw/raw1  /dev/sdb1

#data
/dev/raw/raw2  /dev/sdb2
/dev/raw/raw3  /dev/sdd
/dev/raw/raw4  /dev/sdh
/dev/raw/raw5  /dev/sdj
[root@DP1 ~]# 

设置权限
vi /etc/rc.local
[oracle@DP2 dbs]$ more /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
chown grid:oinstall /dev/raw/raw1
chown grid:oinstall /dev/raw/raw2
chown grid:oinstall /dev/raw/raw3
chown grid:oinstall /dev/raw/raw4

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw1
chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw2
chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw3
chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw4
touch /var/lock/subsys/local

删除裸设备
raw /dev/raw/raw1 0 0

使裸设备重启

/etc/init.d/rawdevices restart
 
--查看裸设备
[root@DP2 product]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 16
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 48
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 112
/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 144
[root@DP2 product]#

 

另一种配置方式, 通用于linux5.x 和linux6.x

vi  /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules

# Enter raw device bindings here.

#

# An example would be:

#   ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"

# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or  -- 注意这里有个OR

#   ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"

# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.

 

 

比如：

fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 

 

[root@SE ~]# more /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules 
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
#   ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
#   ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.


ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdd", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw[1-2]", OWNER="grid", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660" 

[root@SE ~]# start_udev

[root@SE ~]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 32
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 48