从jdk1.5开始我们可以利用Future来跟踪异步计算的结果。在此之前主线程要想获得工作线程(异步计算线程)的结果是比较麻烦的事情,需要我们进行特殊的程序结构设计,
比较繁琐而且容易出错。有了Future我们就可以设计出比较优雅的异步计算程序结构模型:根据分而治之的思想,我们可以把异步计算的线程按照职责分为3类:
1. 异步计算的发起线程(控制线程):负责异步计算任务的分解和发起,把分解好的任务交给异步计算的work线程去执行,发起异步计算后,发起线程可以获得Futrue的集合,
从而可以跟踪异步计算结果
2. 异步计算work线程:负责具体的计算任务
3. 异步计算结果收集线程:从发起线程那里获得Future的集合,并负责监控Future的状态,根据Future的状态来处理异步计算的结果。
以下是我根据上述想法写的一个例子:
Java代码 收藏代码
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class AsyncController {
//线程池
private ExecutorService executorService;
//保存异步计算的Future
private FutureContext<String> context;
public AsyncController() {
this.executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
this.context = new FutureContext<String>();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动异步计算
AsyncController controller = new AsyncController();
controller.startAsyncCompution();
//启动异步计算结果输出线程,该线程扫描异步计算Futrue的状态,如果已经完成,则输出异步计算结果
OutputResult output = new OutputResult();
output.setFutureContext(controller.getFutureContext());
Thread resultThread = new Thread(output);
resultThread.start();
}
public FutureContext<String> getFutureContext() {
return this.context;
}
public void startAsyncCompution() {
/**
* 开启100个异步计算,每个异步计算线程随机sleep几秒来模拟计算耗时。
*/
final Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
Future<String> future = this.executorService
.submit(new Callable<String>() {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
Thread.sleep(randomInt * 1000);
return "" + randomInt;
}
});
//每个异步计算的结果存放在context中
this.context.addFuture(future);
}
}
public static class FutureContext<T> {
private List<Future<T>> futureList = new ArrayList<Future<T>>();
public void addFuture(Future<T> future) {
this.futureList.add(future);
}
public List<Future<T>> getFutureList() {
return this.futureList;
}
}
public static class OutputResult implements Runnable {
private FutureContext<String> context;
public void setFutureContext(FutureContext<String> context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("start to output result:");
List<Future<String>> list = this.context.getFutureList();
for (Future<String> future : list) {
this.outputResultFromFuture(future);
}
System.out.println("finish to output result.");
}
private void outputResultFromFuture(Future<String> future) {
try {
while (true) {
if (future.isDone() && !future.isCancelled()) {
System.out.println("Future:" + future + ",Result:"
+ future.get());
break;
} else {
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}