清草离原

We have designed and implemented the Google File Sys- tem, a scalable distributed file system for large distributed data-intensive applications. It provides fault tolerance while running on inexpensive commodity hardware, and it delivers high aggregate performance to a large number of clients. While sharing many of the same goals as previous dis- tributed file systems, our design has been driven by obser- vations of our application workloads and technological envi- ronment, both current and anticipated, that reflect a marked departure from some earlier file system assumptions. This has led us to reexamine traditional choices and explore rad- ically different design points. The file system has successfully met our storage needs. It is widely deployed within Google as the storage platform for the generation and processing of data used by our ser- vice as well as research and development efforts that require large data sets. The largest cluster to date provides hun- dreds of terabytes of storage across thousands of disks on over a thousand machines, and it is concurrently accessed by hundreds of clients. In this paper, we present file system interface extensions designed to support distributed applications, discuss many aspects of our design, and report measurements from both micro-benchmarks and real world use.

Since I wrote the first edition of this book, servlets and the server-side Java platform have grown in popularity beyond everyone's wildest expectations. Adoption is pervasive. Web server vendors now offer servlet support as a standard feature. The Java 2, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), specification has included servlets as a core component, and application server vendors wouldn't be caught dead without a scalable servlet implementation. It's more than just vendor-driven hype too. Servlets have become the basis for JavaServer Pages (JSP) and other frameworks, and servlet technology now supports such high-traffic sites as ESPN.com and AltaVista.com. Not surprisingly, the servlet landscape looks somewhat different today than it did when the first edition went to print. The Servlet API has undergone two revisions, with a third revision on the way. The familiar startup companies Live Software and New Atlanta that once made money selling the JRun and ServletExec servlet engines (now called servlet containers) have gotten themselves noticed and were purchased by larger web-focused companies, Allaire and Unify, respectively. They now offer features above and beyond basic servlet support in an effort to differentiate themselves. Amazingly, the official javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages have been the first Java classes to be officially released as open source. They were transferred to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) and now reside at http://jakarta.apache.org. The packages continue to follow the Servlet API specification, but bug fixes and specification updates can now be handled by a set of trusted open source developers—including yours truly, who recently had the chance to fix a bug to improve conditional GET request handling in HttpServlet. In addition, the server that acts as the Servlet API reference implementation was also transferred to the ASF and made available as open source under the name Apache Tomcat. Tomcat has since become one of the most popular servlet containers. For more information, see http://opensource.org. The servlet world has changed, and this book brings you up-to-date. It explains everything you need to know about Java servlet programming, from start to finish. The first five chapters cover the basics: what servlets are, what they do, and how they work. The following 15 chapters are where the true meat is—they explore the things you are likely to do with servlets and the tools you're likely to use. You'll find numerous examples, several suggestions, a few warnings, and even a couple of true hacks that somehow made it past technical review.

搜 索 引 擎 — 原理、技术与系统 Search Engine: Principle, Technology and Systems 李晓明 闫宏飞 王继民 著 by Li Xiaoming, Yan Hongfei and Wang Jimin 本书比较系统地介绍了互联网搜索引擎的工作原理、实现技术及其系统构建 方案。全书分三篇共13章内容，从基本工作原理概述开始，到一个小型简单搜索 引擎实现的具体细节，进而详细讨论了大规模分布式搜索引擎系统的设计要点及 其关键技术；最后面向主题和个性化的Web信息服务，阐述了中文网页自动分类 等技术及其应用。本书层次分明，由浅入深；既有深入的理论分析，也有大量的 实验数据，具有学习和实用双重意义。 本书可作为高等院校计算机科学与技术、信息管理与信息系统、电子商务等 专业的研究生或高年级本科生的教学参考书和技术资料，对广大从事网络技术、 Web站点的管理、数字图书馆、Web挖掘等研究和应用开发的科技人员也有很大 的参考价值。

内容简介回到顶部↑本书介绍了标准C++以及由C++所支持的关键性编程技术和设计技术。标准C++较以前的版本功能更强大，其中许多新的语言特性，如名字空间、异常、模板、运行时类型声明等使得新技术得以直接应用。本书围绕语言及库功能来组织，内容涉及C++的主要特征及标准库，并通过系统软件领域中的实例解释说明一些关键性的概念与技术。 　　本书的目的就是帮助读者了解C++是如何支持编程技术的，使读者能从中获得新的理解，从而成为一名优秀的编程人员和设计人员。适合做高校面向对象编程课程的教科书，也可作为C++爱好者的参考书。 [center] [a href=http://www.china-pub.com/main/sale/c%2B%2Btb.htm target=_blank]C++之父Bjarne Stroustrup博士专访[/a] [a href="http://www.is.pku.edu.cn/%7Eqzy/cpp.htm" target="_blank"]《C++程序设计语言》程序的更正和更新[/a] [a href="http://www.china-pub.com/temporary/list/cooperate/zipdownload/zg.zip" target="_blank"]本书忠告[/a] [/center]

GNU EMACS 是 GNU 计划下的第一个产品 EMACS 为 Editor MACros 的缩写 Richard Stallman 於 1975 年在 MIT 首次 撰写 EMACS editor 目前 GNU EMACS 已发展到 19.28 版 本文所讨论的 GNU EMACS 也以 19.28 版为主 GNU EMACS 秉持著 GNU 的精神 它依然是 free 的 任何人都可以 “anonymous ftp” 的方式至 prep.ai.mit.edu 这个 site 取得 GNU EMACS 的 原始码 GNU EMACS 不是 public domain 的产物 它有版权也有使用上的限制 那就是任何得 到它的人都不可以将其视为私有的财产 修改过的 GNU EMACS 也不可以作为商品来牟利 金钱 交易的行为是绝对被禁止

c99标准 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are member of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.

GNU 的编程标准 The GNU Coding Standards were written by Richard Stallman and other GNU Project volunteers. Their purpose is to make the GNU system clean, consistent, and easy to install. This document can also be read as a guide to writing portable, robust and reliable programs. It focuses on programs written in C, but many of the rules and principles are useful even if you write in another programming language. The rules often state reasons for writing in a certain way