Java NIO详解(一): FileChannel

概述

FileChannel是用来读，写，映射, 操作文件的channel(概念参见我的另一篇Java NIO概述).

A channel for reading, writing, mapping, and manipulating a file.

获取FileChannel对象有三种方式:

FileInputStream.getChannel();
FileOutputStream.getChannel();
RandomAccessFile.getChannel();

FileChannel特点

1. 不能注册到selector
2. 只能阻塞的运行(就是channel的read方法是阻塞的)
3. FileChannel对象是线程安全的

上代码

public static void testFileNio(){
    FileInputStream is = null;
    FileChannel inChannel = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    FileChannel outChannel = null;
    try {
        is = new FileInputStream("f:/text.txt");
        inChannel = is.getChannel();
        System.out.println("file size --->"+inChannel.size());
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
        System.out.println("buffer init position --->"+buffer.position()+"---- buffer init remaining --->"+buffer.remaining());
        //这里标记了后面才可以调用buffer.reset(), 而且只能调用一次,
        //不然会抛出java.nio.InvalidMarkException
        //buffer.mark();
        int flag = 0;
        int i = 1;
        while(flag != -1){
            System.out.println("this is "+i+" time");
            //返回读取的字节数, 当读到末尾时, 可能返回0 或者 -1
            flag = inChannel.read(buffer);
            if(flag == -1 || flag == 0){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println("buffer after read , position-->"+buffer.position()+"---remaining-->"+buffer.remaining());
            //写数据
            fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("f:/text2.txt"),true);
            outChannel = fos.getChannel();
            if(buffer.remaining() > "this is the end".getBytes().length ){
                buffer.put("this is the end".getBytes());
            }
            System.out.println("buffer after append--position-->"+buffer.position()+"---remaining-->"+buffer.remaining()+"--- flag --->"+flag);
            //开始写, remaining也变成了当前的position,然后将position置为0
            buffer.flip();
            System.out.println("buffer after flip  position-->"+buffer.position()+"---remaining-->"+buffer.remaining());
            while(buffer.hasRemaining()){
                outChannel.write(buffer);
            }
            System.out.println("buffer after write,  position-->"+buffer.position()+"---remaining-->"+buffer.remaining());
            //和buffer.reset()的区别, buffer.reset()是回到buffer.mark()的位置
            //此处不能调用buffer.flip(),;
            //clear方法会将position置0, limit置为capacity, 也就是remaining是capacity的值         
            buffer.clear();
            System.out.println("buffer clear position --->"+buffer.position()+"---- buffer  clear remaining --->"+buffer.remaining());
            i++;
        }

    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
        //本来想省略以下代码的, 但是还是忍不住唠叨几句
        //1.空指针判断, 这个应该没啥
        //2. 为什么不是所有的close操作都写在一个catch块了,而是写的这么冗长
        // 原因是如果一个close操作抛出异常, 其他close操作依然可以执行; 如果写在一个catch块，第一个close抛出异常的话,  其他close操作都将无法进行
        if(is != null){
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(inChannel != null){
            try{
                inChannel.close();
            }catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(fos != null){
            try{
                fos.close();
            }catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(outChannel != null){
            try{
                outChannel.close();
            }catch(IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//输出结果如下
file size --->10
buffer init position --->0---- buffer init remaining --->2
this is 1 time
buffer after read , position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer after append--position-->2---remaining-->0--- flag --->2
buffer after flip  position-->0---remaining-->2
buffer after write,  position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer clear position --->0---- buffer  clear remaining --->2
this is 2 time
buffer after read , position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer after append--position-->2---remaining-->0--- flag --->2
buffer after flip  position-->0---remaining-->2
buffer after write,  position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer clear position --->0---- buffer  clear remaining --->2
this is 3 time
buffer after read , position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer after append--position-->2---remaining-->0--- flag --->2
buffer after flip  position-->0---remaining-->2
buffer after write,  position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer clear position --->0---- buffer  clear remaining --->2
this is 4 time
buffer after read , position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer after append--position-->2---remaining-->0--- flag --->2
buffer after flip  position-->0---remaining-->2
buffer after write,  position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer clear position --->0---- buffer  clear remaining --->2
this is 5 time
buffer after read , position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer after append--position-->2---remaining-->0--- flag --->2
buffer after flip  position-->0---remaining-->2
buffer after write,  position-->2---remaining-->0
buffer clear position --->0---- buffer  clear remaining --->2
this is 6 time

问题

1. 既然FileChannel只能阻塞的运行, 不能注册到selector，那么与FileInputStream，FileOutputStream, RandomAccessFile有何区别呢？

   答案： 其实在Java SE API文档里已经给出答案了,如下:

In addition to the familiar read, write, and close operations of byte channels, this class defines the following file-specific
operations:

Bytes may be read or written at an absolute position in a file in a
way that does not affect the channel’s current position.

A region of a file may be mapped directly into memory; for large files
this is often much more efficient than invoking the usual read or
write methods.

Updates made to a file may be forced out to the underlying storage
device, ensuring that data are not lost in the event of a system
crash.

Bytes can be transferred from a file to some other channel, and vice
versa, in a way that can be optimized by many operating systems into a
very fast transfer directly to or from the filesystem cache.

A region of a file may be locked against access by other programs.

参考资料

• Java8 SE API文档