参数化的函数对象

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;


class student
{
public:
	int NO;
	string strName;
	int  score;

public:

	//构造函数
	student(int NO,string strName,int score)
	{
		this->NO=NO;
		this->strName=strName;
		this->score=score;
	}

	//运算符重载  ==
	bool operator==(int NO)
	{
		return (this->NO==NO);
	}

};

class MatchExpress
{
private:
	int lowGrade;
	int highGrade;
public:
	MatchExpress(int lowScore,int highScore)
	{
		lowGrade=lowScore;
        highGrade=highScore;		
	}

	bool operator()(student &s)
	{
		return (s.score>=lowGrade && s.score<=highGrade);
	}
};


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	vector<student> v;

	student s1(101,"ss1",60);
	student s2(102,"ss2",70);
	student s3(103,"ss3",80);
	student s4(104,"ss4",90);

	v.push_back(s1);
	v.push_back(s2);
	v.push_back(s3);
	v.push_back(s4);

	//----------------------------------------------
	//对象查找，必须重载运算符"=="
	vector<student>::iterator  ite;
	ite=find(v.begin(),v.end(),102);//运算符（==）重载即可

	if(ite!=v.end())
		printf("102 is found in %d\n",ite-v.begin());
	else
       printf("102 is not found\n");

	//----------------------------------------------
	//函数对象类MatchExpress的使用，可进行带参数的范围查询
	int k=count_if(v.begin(),v.end(),MatchExpress(75,80));

	printf("above [75,80] is found in %d\n",k);	

	getchar();


   return 0;
}

   1）定义了一个函数对象类MatchExpress，重载了operator() (student & s)运算符函数。

   2）当执行count_if语句时，把第三个参数MatchExpress(75,80)作为函数对象，先调用构造函数给MatchExpress的成员变量赋值（lowGrade，hIghGrade），

  然后向量中的每个学生对象作为函数对象的参数调用operator() (student& s)函数，判断学生的成绩是否在范围之内。

   

   当然，可在MatchExpress类中定义更多的成员变量，形成更复杂的表达式。