（4）Bean的加载

protected <T> T doGetBean(
        final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
        throws BeansException {

    final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
    Object bean;

    // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
    /*检查缓存中或者实例工厂中是否有对应的实例
     *因为在创建单例bean的时候会存在依赖注入的情况，为了避免循环引用
     *Spring创建bean的原则是不等bean创建完成就会将创建bean的ObjectFactory提早曝光
     *即将ObjectFactory加入到缓存之中，一旦下一个bean创建的时候需要依赖上一个bean则直接
     *使用beanFactory 
    */
    Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
    if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
                        "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
            }
            else {
                logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
            }
        }
        bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
    }

    else {
        // Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
        // We're assumably within a circular reference.
        // 原型类型的bean是不允许循环依赖的，所以Exception
        if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
            throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
        }

        // Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
        BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
        if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
            // Not found -> check parent.
            String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
            if (args != null) {
                // Delegation to parent with explicit args.
                return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
            }
            else {
                // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
                return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
            }
        }
        //如果不仅仅是做类型检查，则需要进行记录
        if (!typeCheckOnly) {
            markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
        }

        try {
            final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
            checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

            // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
            String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
            if (dependsOn != null) {
                for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) {
                    if (isDependent(beanName, dependsOnBean)) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException("Circular depends-on relationship between '" +
                                beanName + "' and '" + dependsOnBean + "'");
                    }
                    registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName);
                    getBean(dependsOnBean);
                }
            }

            // Create bean instance.
            if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
                sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
                    @Override
                    public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
                        try {
                            return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                        }
                        catch (BeansException ex) {
    // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
    // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
    // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
                            destroySingleton(beanName);
                            throw ex;
                        }
                    }
                });
                bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
            }

            else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
                // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
                Object prototypeInstance = null;
                try {
                    beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                    prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                }
                finally {
                    afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                }
                bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
            }

            else {
                String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
                final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
                if (scope == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope '" + scopeName + "'");
                }
                try {
                    Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
                        @Override
                        public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
                            beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                            try {
                                return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                            }
                            finally {
                                afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
                catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                    "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; " +
                    "consider defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it 
                    from a singleton",
                            ex);
                }
            }
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    // Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
    if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) {
        try {
            return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
        }
        catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type [" +
                        ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "]", ex);
            }
            throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
        }
    }
    return (T) bean;
}

实际的doGetBean过程很复杂，拆成步骤来分析
1.转换对应的beanName

因为这里传入的参数可能是别名，也可能是FactoryBean，所以要进行一系列的解析，解析的内容包括：
去除FactoryBean的修饰符，也就是如果name=”&aa”,那么会首先去除&而使name=”aa”
取置顶alias所表示的最终beanName，例如别名A指向名称为B的bean则返回B，如果A指向B，B又指向C则返回C

2.尝试从缓存中加载bean

默认allowEarlyReference是设置为true的
这个的作用是为了处理singleton bean的依赖注入的情况，在创建依赖的时候为了避免循环依赖，Spring创建bean的原则是不等bean创建完成就会将创建的ObjectFactory提早曝光加入到缓存中，一旦下一个bean创建时需要依赖上一个bean，则直接使用ObjectFactory

注：定义bean的时候是可以指定scope的，默认是单例

先说一下各个缓存的作用：

singletonObjects:
用于保存BeanName和创建bean实例之间的关系，bean name -> bean instance
singletonFactories:
用于保存BeanName和创建bean的工厂之间的关系，bean name -> ObjectFactory
earlySingletonObjects:
也是保存BeanName和创建bean实例之间的关系，与SingletonObjects的不同之处在于，当一个实例bean被放到这里面后，那么当bean还在创建的过程中，就可以通过getBean方法获取到了，其目的是用来检测循环引用
registeredSingletons:
用来保存当前所有已注册的bean

在缓存之中没有拿到bean

3.Bean的实例化，如果从缓存中得到了bean的原始状态，则需要对bean进行实例化。

强调：缓存中记录的只是最原始的bean状态，并不一定是我们最终想要的bean。
切记

在getBean方法中，getObjectForBeanInstance是个高频率使用的方法，无论是从缓存中获得bean还是根据不同的scope策略加载bean。总之，得到bean的实例后要做的第一件事就是调用这个方法来检测一下正确性。



这里为什么会有&作为前缀？通常使用的FactoryBean也是直接用BeanName来获取的。
当使用&作为前缀的时候表示用户想要的是直接获取FactoryBean工厂实例而不是FactoryBean.getObject()对应的实例。

处理FactoryBean

先是从缓存中拿FactoryBean，如果拿不到真正的获取FactoryBean的逻辑委托给getObjectFromFactoryBean

这里还是就判定一下是否单例，是单例需要保证全局唯一，并且使用缓存。实际的创建逻辑在doGetObjectFromFactoryBean之中

终于看到了factory.getObject()
不过在调用factory.getObject()获取bean之后并没有直接返回bean，还有下面一部分：

调用的是AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory之中的postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean()


这里是调用了后处理器，这里可以了解Spring获取bean的规则中的一条：
尽可能保证所有bean初始化后都会调用注册的BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization方法进行处理，在实际的开发工程中大可以针对此特性设计自己的业务逻辑。

同时说一下applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization

暂时还没有看到调用的时机

到此全部是从缓存中寻找是否有singletonbean，已经从FactoryBean之中获取bean

如果都失败了，那么进入else

只有在单例情况下才会尝试解决循环依赖，如果A依赖B，B依赖A，那么造成循环依赖，引起BeanCurrentlyInCreationException