spring缓存机制-根据key更新缓存(二)

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-30 14:38:48 发布

IluckySi

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-30 14:38:48 发布

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分类专栏： ------spring 文章标签： spring cahe 缓存

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sidongxue2/article/details/30516947

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spring是一个轻量级开源框架,以IoC(Inverse of Control:控制反转)和AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming:面向切面编程)为内核,
兼具功能强大的的原生展现层spring mvc,原生持久层spring jdbc和原生业务层等技术,并且以海纳百川的胸怀整合了开源世界里众多
著名的第三方框架和类库,已经逐渐成为世界上使用最多的JavaEE企业级应用开源框架.
spring3.2.3中负责cache的模块是org.spring.framework.context-3.2.3.RELEASE.jar.
@Cacheable负责将方法的返回值加入到缓存中,支持如下参数:
value:缓存位置名称,不能为空.
key:缓存的key,默认为空,支持springEL表达式.
condition:触发条件,只有满足条件的情况下才会加入缓存,默认为空,表示全部加入缓存,支持springEL表达式.
@CachEvict负责清除缓存,支持如下参数:
value:缓存位置名称,不能为空.
key:缓存的key,默认为空,支持springEL表达式.
condition:触发条件,只有满足条件的情况下才会清除缓存,默认为空,支持springEL表达式.
allEntries:ture表示清除value中的全部缓存,默认为false.
一般来说我们的添加,更新和删除操作,只需要操作缓存中的某一个对象或某些对象,所以定义缓存的key值得最好是能够唯一,
因为这样我们就可以根据key值准取的更新特定的缓存,而不会影响到其他的缓存,进而提高我们的效率.
例如针对用户的操作,我们可以使用(id+方法名)作为key值,下面通过一个实例简单介绍一下spring缓存的使用.

1.通过maven构建项目,直接看pom.xml文件.

<span style="font-size:12px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.ilucky.spring</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cache</artifactId>
	<version>1.0.0</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<dependencies>
		  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

	</dependencies>
</project>
</span>

2.创建service,dao和model,并将spring缓存加在service层,直接看代码UserService,UserServiceImpl,UserDao,UserDaoImpl和User.

<span style="font-size:12px;">package com.ilucky.spring.cache.service;

import java.util.Map;

import com.ilucky.spring.cache.model.User;

/**
 * @author IluckySi
 * @date 20140613
 */
public interface UserService {

	public abstract void add(User user);
	
	public abstract void delete(String id);
	
	public abstract void update(User user);
	
	public abstract User find(String id);
	
	public abstract Map<String, User> getAll();
}
</span>

<span style="font-size:12px;">package com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.impl;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;

import com.ilucky.spring.cache.dao.UserDao;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.model.User;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.UserService;

/**
 * @author IluckySi
 * @date 20140613
 */
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

	private UserDao userDao;
	
	/**
	 * JVM加载spring配置文件时, 通过set方法注入本类的依赖.
	 * @param userDao
	 */
	public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
		this.userDao = userDao;
	}

	/**
	 * 对数据进行增删改时清空缓存, 查询时使用缓存, 其中value为缓存区,
	 * allEntries表示清空缓存中所有的数据, 使用#"user.id + '方法名'"做为key.
	 */
	@Override
    @CacheEvict(value = "data", key = "#user.id + 'add'")  
	public void add(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method- add(User user)" );
		userDao.add(user);
	}

	@Override
	@CacheEvict(value = "data", key = "#id + 'delete'")  
	public void delete(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-delete(String id)" );
		userDao.delete(id);
	}

	@Override
	@CacheEvict(value = "data", key = "#user.id+ 'update'")  
	public void update(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-update(User user)" );
		userDao.update(user);
	}

	@Override
	@Cacheable(value = "data")   
	public User find(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-find(String id)" );
		return userDao.find(id);
	}

	@Override
	@Cacheable(value = "data")  
	public Map<String, User> getAll() {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-getAll()" );
		return userDao.getAll();
	}
}
</span>

<span style="font-size:12px;">package com.ilucky.spring.cache.dao;

import java.util.Map;

import com.ilucky.spring.cache.model.User;

/**
 * @author IluckySi
 * @date 20140613
 */
public interface UserDao {

	public abstract void add(User user);
	
	public abstract void delete(String id);
	
	public abstract void update(User user);
	
	public abstract User find(String id);
	
	public abstract Map<String, User> getAll();
}
</span>

<span style="font-size:12px;">package com.ilucky.spring.cache.dao.impl;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.ilucky.spring.cache.dao.UserDao;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.model.User;

/**
 * @author IluckySi
 * @date 20140613
 */
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

	//使用Map模拟数据表.
	private Map<String, User> users = new HashMap<String, User>();
	
	@Override
	public void add(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserDao method- add(User user)" );
		users.put(user.getId(), user);
	}

	@Override
	public void delete(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserDao method- delete(String id)" );
		users.remove(id);
	}

	@Override
	public void update(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserDao method- update(User user)" );
		users.put(user.getId(), user);
	}

	@Override
	public User find(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserDao method- find(String id)" );
		return users.get(id);
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, User> getAll() {
		System.out.println("UserDao method- getAll()" );
		return users;
	}
}
</span>

其中UserServiceImpl中的内容分为两种,直接看代码UserServiceImpl_bak(每次更新数据更新所有的缓存),和UserServiceImpl_bak2

(每次更新数据更新指定的缓存),其中更新指定的缓存是通过配置key值来实现的.

<span style="font-size:12px;">package com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.impl;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;

import com.ilucky.spring.cache.dao.UserDao;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.model.User;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.UserService;

/**
 * @author IluckySi
 * @date 20140613
 */
public class UserServiceImpl_bak implements UserService {

	private UserDao userDao;
	
	/**
	 * JVM加载spring配置文件时, 通过set方法注入本类的依赖.
	 * @param userDao
	 */
	public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
		this.userDao = userDao;
	}

	/**
	 * 对数据进行增删改时清空缓存, 查询时使用缓存, 其中value为缓存区,
	 * allEntries表示清空缓存中所有的数据.
	 */
	@Override
    @CacheEvict(value = "data", allEntries = true)  
	public void add(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method- add(User user)" );
		userDao.add(user);
	}

	@Override
	@CacheEvict(value = "data", allEntries = true)  
	public void delete(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-delete(String id)" );
		userDao.delete(id);
	}

	@Override
	@CacheEvict(value = "data", allEntries = true)  
	public void update(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-update(User user)" );
		userDao.update(user);
	}

	@Override
	@Cacheable(value = "data")   
	public User find(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-find(String id)" );
		return userDao.find(id);
	}

	@Override
	@Cacheable(value = "data")  
	public Map<String, User> getAll() {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-getAll()" );
		return userDao.getAll();
	}
}
</span>

<span style="font-size:12px;">package com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.impl;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;

import com.ilucky.spring.cache.dao.UserDao;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.model.User;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.UserService;

/**
 * @author IluckySi
 * @date 20140613
 */
public class UserServiceImpl_bak2 implements UserService {

	private UserDao userDao;
	
	/**
	 * JVM加载spring配置文件时, 通过set方法注入本类的依赖.
	 * @param userDao
	 */
	public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
		this.userDao = userDao;
	}

	/**
	 * 对数据进行增删改时清空缓存, 查询时使用缓存, 其中value为缓存区,
	 * allEntries表示清空缓存中所有的数据, 使用#"user.id + '方法名'"做为key.
	 */
	@Override
    @CacheEvict(value = "data", key = "#user.id + 'add'")  
	public void add(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method- add(User user)" );
		userDao.add(user);
	}

	@Override
	@CacheEvict(value = "data", key = "#id + 'delete'")  
	public void delete(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-delete(String id)" );
		userDao.delete(id);
	}

	@Override
	@CacheEvict(value = "data", key = "#user.id+ 'update'")  
	public void update(User user) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-update(User user)" );
		userDao.update(user);
	}

	@Override
	@Cacheable(value = "data")   
	public User find(String id) {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-find(String id)" );
		return userDao.find(id);
	}

	@Override
	@Cacheable(value = "data")  
	public Map<String, User> getAll() {
		System.out.println("UserService: method-getAll()" );
		return userDao.getAll();
	}
}
</span>

3.创建spring配置文件,配置spring自己的缓存管理器和bean之间的依赖关系,直接看代码spring-cahce.xml.

<span style="font-size:12px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
	xsi:schemaLocation="   
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd   
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd">


	<!-- 应用spring cache注解功能  -->
	<cache:annotation-driven />

 	<!-- 创建spring cache bean -->
	<bean id="cacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.support.SimpleCacheManager">
		<property name="caches">
			<set>
				<bean
					class="org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheFactoryBean"
					p:name="default" />
				<bean
					class="org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheFactoryBean"
					p:name="data" />
			</set>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 创建User Dao bean -->
	<bean id="userDao" class="com.ilucky.spring.cache.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" ></bean>

	<!-- 创建User Service bean -->
	<bean id="userService" class="com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" >
		<property name="userDao" >
			<ref bean="userDao"></ref>
		 </property>
	</bean> 
</beans>  </span>

4.最后通过测试类测试spring缓存机制是否生效,直接看代码MainTest.

<span style="font-size:12px;">package com.ilucky.spring.cache;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.ilucky.spring.cache.model.User;
import com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.UserService;

/**
 * @author IluckySi
 * @date 20140613
 * 测试spring缓存机制是否生效.
 */
public class MainTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		//加载ClassPath路径下的spring配置文件, 并获取service bean.
		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-cache.xml");  
		UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class); 
		System.out.println("service bean: " + userService);
		
		//添加三个用户, 然后查询并输出.
		userService.add(new User("1", "Ilucky1", "pwd1"));
		userService.add(new User("2", "Ilucky2", "pwd2"));
		userService.add(new User("3", "Ilucky3", "pwd3"));
		Map<String, User> map = userService.getAll();
		for(Entry<String, User> entry : map.entrySet()) {
			System.out.println(entry.getValue());
		}
		
		//验证用户数据已经放入getAll()缓存中.
		Map<String, User> map2 = userService.getAll();
		for(Entry<String, User> entry : map2.entrySet()) {
			System.out.println(entry.getValue());
		}
		
		//更新用户1数据, 然后查询并输出, 同时将更新后的用户1数据放入缓存中. 
		userService.update(new User("1", "Ilucky1_new", "pwd1_new"));
		
		//验证更新用户1数据后, 是清除了所有缓存还是只是更新了用户1的数据缓存(通过UseServiceImpl和UserServiceImpl_bak两个文件验证).
		Map<String, User> map3 = userService.getAll();
		for(Entry<String, User> entry : map3.entrySet()) {
			System.out.println(entry.getValue());
		}
	}
}
/**
如果不配置key, 只配置allEntries=true(即用UserServiceImpl_bak文件里面的内容).
输出结果:
service bean: com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.impl.UserServiceImpl@1860038
UserService: method- add(User user)
UserDao method- add(User user)
UserService: method- add(User user)
UserDao method- add(User user)
UserService: method- add(User user)
UserDao method- add(User user)
UserService: method-getAll()
UserDao method- getAll()
3-Ilucky3-pwd3
2-Ilucky2-pwd2
1-Ilucky1-pwd1
3-Ilucky3-pwd3
2-Ilucky2-pwd2
1-Ilucky1-pwd1
UserService: method-update(User user)
UserDao method- update(User user)
UserService: method-getAll()
UserDao method- getAll()
3-Ilucky3-pwd3
2-Ilucky2-pwd2
1-Ilucky1_new-pwd1_new

只配置key, 即只更新指定条件的缓存(即用UserServiceImpl_bak2文件里面的内容).
输出结果:
service bean: com.ilucky.spring.cache.service.impl.UserServiceImpl@a522a6
UserService: method- add(User user)
UserDao method- add(User user)
UserService: method- add(User user)
UserDao method- add(User user)
UserService: method- add(User user)
UserDao method- add(User user)
UserService: method-getAll()
UserDao method- getAll()
3-Ilucky3-pwd3
2-Ilucky2-pwd2
1-Ilucky1-pwd1
3-Ilucky3-pwd3
2-Ilucky2-pwd2
1-Ilucky1-pwd1
UserService: method-update(User user)
UserDao method- update(User user)
3-Ilucky3-pwd3
2-Ilucky2-pwd2
1-Ilucky1_new-pwd1_new
*/</span>

在测试代码中通过ClassPathXmlApplicationContext类加载spring配置文件,因为此maven项目是jar项目,且在maven中默认约定资源
放在src/main/resources目录,所以spring配置文件需要放在src/main/resources目录下.
另外比较重要的一点是:针对通过key值来更新指定的缓存,其实可以将spring的缓存看做是一个map,这个map有自己的标示符,即value值,

缓存中的内容是根据key来进行区分的.

附图片：项目目录结构

点击链接下载源码

IluckySi

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spring缓存机制-根据key更新缓存(二)

spring是一个轻量级开源框架,以IoC(Inverse of Control:控制反转)和AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming:面向切面编程)为内核,兼具功能强大的的原生展现层spring mvc,原生持久层spring jdbc和原生业务层等技术,并且以海纳百川的胸怀整合了开源世界里众多著名的第三方框架和类库,已经逐渐成为世界上使用最多的JavaEE企业级应
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