Intel 80x86(IA-32) Assembly Language OpCodes
The following table provides a list of x86-Assembler mnemonics, that is not complete. Most of them can be found, for others see at www.intel.com
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- Notations and Format used in this Document
- AAA - Ascii Adjust for Addition
- AAD - Ascii Adjust for Division
- AAM - Ascii Adjust for Multiplication
- AAS - Ascii Adjust for Subtraction
- ADC - Add With Carry
- ADD - Arithmetic Addition
- AND - Logical And
- ARPL - Adjusted Requested Privilege Level of Selector
- BOUND - Array Index Bound Check
- BSF - Bit Scan Forward
- BSR - Bit Scan Reverse
- BSWAP - Byte Swap
- BT - Bit Test
- BTC - Bit Test with Compliment
- BTR - Bit Test with Reset
- BTS - Bit Test and Set
- CALL - Procedure Call
- CBW - Convert Byte to Word
- CDQ - Convert Double to Quad
- CLC - Clear Carry
- CLD - Clear Direction Flag
- CLI - Clear Interrupt Flag
- CLTS - Clear Task Switched Flag
- CMC - Complement Carry Flag
- CMP - Compare
- CMPS - Compare String
- CMPXCHG - Compare and Exchange
- CWD - Convert Word to Doubleword
- CWDE - Convert Word to Extended Doubleword
- DAA - Decimal Adjust for Addition
- DAS - Decimal Adjust for Subtraction
- DEC - Decrement
- DIV - Divide
- ENTER - Make Stack Frame
- ESC - Escape
- Floating point instuctions - no descriptions
- HLT - Halt CPU
- IDIV - Signed Integer Division
- IMUL - Signed Multiply
- IN - Input Byte or Word From Port
- INC - Increment
- INS - Input String from Port
- INT - Interrupt
- INTO - Interrupt on Overflow
- INVD - Invalidate Cache
- INVLPG - Invalidate Translation Look-Aside Buffer Entry
- IRET/IRETD - Interrupt Return
- JA/JNBE - Jump Above / Jump Not Below or Equal
- JAE/JNB - Jump Above or Equal / Jump on Not Below
- JB/JNAE - Jump Below / Jump Not Above or Equal
- JBE/JNA - Jump Below or Equal / Jump Not Above
- JC - Jump on Carry
- JCXZ/JECXZ - Jump if Register (E)CX is Zero
- JE/JZ - Jump Equal / Jump Zero
- JG/JNLE - Jump Greater / Jump Not Less or Equal
- JGE/JNL - Jump Greater or Equal / Jump Not Less
- JL/JNGE - Jump Less / Jump Not Greater or Equal
- JLE/JNG - Jump Less or Equal / Jump Not Greater
- JMP - Unconditional Jump
- JNC - Jump Not Carry
- JNE/JNZ - Jump Not Equal / Jump Not Zero
- JNO - Jump Not Overflow
- JNS - Jump Not Signed
- JNP/JPO - Jump Not Parity / Jump Parity Odd
- JO - Jump on Overflow
- JP/JPE - Jump on Parity / Jump on Parity Even
- JS - Jump Signed
- LAHF - Load Register AH From Flags
- LAR - Load Access Rights
- LDS - Load Pointer Using DS
- LEA - Load Effective Address
- LEAVE - Restore Stack for Procedure Exit
- LES - Load Pointer Using ES
- LFS - Load Pointer Using FS
- LGDT - Load Global Descriptor Table
- LIDT - Load Interrupt Descriptor Table
- LGS - Load Pointer Using GS
- LLDT - Load Local Descriptor Table
- LMSW - Load Machine Status Word
- LOCK - Lock Bus
- LODS - Load String
- LOOP - Decrement CX and Loop if CX Not Zero
- LOOPE/LOOPZ - Loop While Equal / Loop While Zero
- LOOPNZ/LOOPNE - Loop While Not Zero / Loop While Not Equal
- LSL - Load Segment Limit
- LSS - Load Pointer Using SS
- LTR - Load Task Register
- MOV - Move Byte or Word
- MOVS - Move String
- MOVSX - Move with Sign Extend
- MOVZX - Move with Zero Extend
- MUL - Unsigned Multiply
- NEG - Two’s Complement Negation
- NOP - No Operation
- NOT - One’s Compliment Negation
- OR - Inclusive Logical OR
- OUT - Output Data to Port
- OUTS - Output String to Port
- POP - Pop Word off Stack
- POPA/POPAD - Pop All Registers onto Stack
- POPF/POPFD - Pop Flags off Stack
- PUSH - Push Word onto Stack
- PUSHA/PUSHAD - Push All Registers onto Stack
- PUSHF/PUSHFD - Push Flags onto Stack
- RCL - Rotate Through Carry Left
- RCR - Rotate Through Carry Right
- REP - Repeat String Operation
- REPE/REPZ - Repeat Equal / Repeat Zero
- REPNE/REPNZ - Repeat Not Equal / Repeat Not Zero
- RET/RETF - Return From Procedure
- ROL - Rotate Left
- ROR - Rotate Right
- SAHF - Store AH Register into FLAGS
- SAL/SHL - Shift Arithmetic Left / Shift Logical Left
- SAR - Shift Arithmetic Right
- SBB - Subtract with Borrow
- SCAS - Scan String
- SETAE/SETNB - Set if Above or Equal / Set if Not Below
- SETB/SETNAE - Set if Below / Set if Not Above or Equal
- SETBE/SETNA - Set if Below or Equal / Set if Not Above
- SETE/SETZ - Set if Equal / Set if Zero
- SETNE/SETNZ - Set if Not Equal / Set if Not Zero
- SETL/SETNGE - Set if Less / Set if Not Greater or Equal
- SETGE/SETNL - Set if Greater or Equal / Set if Not Less
- SETLE/SETNG - Set if Less or Equal / Set if Not greater or Equal
- SETG/SETNLE - Set if Greater / Set if Not Less or Equal
- SETS - Set if Signed
- SETNS - Set if Not Signed
- SETC - Set if Carry
- SETNC - Set if Not Carry
- SETO - Set if Overflow
- SETNO - Set if Not Overflow
- SETP/SETPE - Set if Parity / Set if Parity Even
- SETNP/SETPO - Set if No Parity / Set if Parity Odd
- SGDT - Store Global Descriptor Table
- SIDT - Store Interrupt Descriptor Table
- SHR - Shift Logical Right
- SHLD/SHRD - Double Precision Shift
- SLDT - Store Local Descriptor Table
- SMSW - Store Machine Status Word
- STC - Set Carry
- STD - Set Direction Flag
- STI - Set Interrupt Flag
- STOS - Store String
- STR - Store Task Register
- SUB - Subtract
- TEST - Test For Bit Pattern
- VERR - Verify Read
- VERW - Verify Write
- WAIT/FWAIT - Event Wait
- WBINVD - Write-Back and Invalidate Cache
- XCHG - Exchange
- XLAT/XLATB - Translate
- XOR - Exclusive OR
Notations and Format used in this Document
Notation
- Instruction syntax
- Instruction OpCode
- Additional Code bytes
-
Sign Bit
- E: Sign-extended 8-bit immediate data
- N: Non
-
Word/byte Bit
- W: 16-bit operanrs
- B: 8-bit operanrs
- Instruction length
-
- ——–c - Carry flag
- ——-p- - Parity flag
- ——a– - Auxiliary flag
- —–z— - Zero flag
- —-s—- - Sign flag
- —t—– - Trap flag
- –i—— - Interrupt flag
- -d——- - Direction flag
- o——– - Overflow flag
mnemonics
op
xx
s
w
len
flags
- Addressing mode Byte = MODRM(mod-reg-r/m)
- 2nd or 3rd Opcode (MODRM bits 5,4,3 from reg field)
- Displacement [Low-byte High-byte]
- Immediate word value
- Offset value
- Segment value
mr
/0~7
d0 d1
i0 i1
o0 o1
s0 s1
- Relative Short Displacement to label ‘sl’ (-128/+127 bytes)
- Relative Long Displacement to label ‘ll’ (-32768/+32767 bytes)
r0
r0 r1
Mnemonic Notation
mb mw md mq |
rb rw rd |
rmb rmw |
sl ll
np fp |
ib iw |
mwr mdr mqr mtr |
cr |
dr |
tr |
| PreFix | OpCode | modRM | Disp | Imm |
AAA - Ascii Adjust for Addition
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAA | 37 | 1 | ——a- |
- AAA
- AF CF (OF,PF,SF,ZF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Changes contents of AL to valid unpacked decimal.
The high order nibble is zeroed.
AAD - Ascii Adjust for Division
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAD | D5 0A | 2 | —-sz-p |
- AAD
- SF ZF PF (AF,CF,OF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Used before dividing unpacked decimal numbers.
Multiplies AH by 10 and the adds result into AL. Sets AH to zero.
This instruction is also known to have an undocumented behavior.
AAM - Ascii Adjust for Multiplication
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAM | D4 0A | 2 | —-sz-p |
- AAM
- PF SF ZF (AF,CF,OF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Used after multiplication of two unpacked decimal numbers, this
instruction adjusts an unpacked decimal number. The high order
nibble of each byte must be zeroed before using this instruction.
This instruction is also known to have an undocumented behavior.
AAS - Ascii Adjust for Subtraction
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAS | 3F | 1 | ——a- |
- AAS
- AF CF (OF,PF,SF,ZF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Corrects result of a previous unpacked decimal subtraction in AL.
High order nibble is zeroed.
ADC - Add With Carry
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADC AL,ib | 14 i0 | B | 2 | o—szap |
| ADC AX,iw | 15 i0 i1 | W | 3 | o—szap |
| ADC rb,rmb | 12 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| ADC rw,rmw | 13 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
| ADC rmb,ib | 80 /2 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | o—szap |
| ADC rmw,iw | 81 /2 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | o—szap |
| ADC rmw,ib | 83 /2 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | o—szap |
| ADC rmb,rb | 10 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| ADC rmw,rw | 11 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- ADC dest,src
- AF CF OF SF PF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Sums two binary operands placing the result in the destination.
If CF is set, a 1 is added to the destination.
ADD - Arithmetic Addition
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADD AL,ib | 04 i0 | B | 2 | o—szap |
| ADD AX,iw | 05 i0 i1 | W | 3 | o—szap |
| ADD rb,rmb | 02 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| ADD rw,rmw | 03 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
| ADD rmb,ib | 80 /0 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | o—szap |
| ADD rmw,iw | 81 /0 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | o—szap |
| ADD rmw,ib | 83 /0 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | o—szap |
| ADD rmb,rb | 00 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| ADD rmw,rw | 01 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- ADD dest,src
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Adds “src” to “dest” and replacing the original contents of “dest”.
Both operands are binary.
AND - Logical And
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AND AL,ib | 24 i0 | B | 2 | 0—sz-p |
| AND AX,iw | 25 i0 i1 | W | 3 | 0—sz-p |
| AND rb,rmb | 22 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | 0—sz-p |
| AND rw,rmw | 23 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | 0—sz-p |
| AND rmb,ib | 80 /4 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | 0—sz-p |
| AND rmw,iw | 81 /4 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | 0—sz-p |
| AND rmw,ib | 83 /4 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | 0—sz-p |
| AND rmb,rb | 20 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | 0—sz-p |
| AND rmw,rw | 21 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | 0—sz-p |
- AND dest,src
- CF OF PF SF ZF (AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Performs a logical AND of the two operands replacing the destination with the result.
ARPL - Adjusted Requested Privilege Level of Selector (286+ protected mode)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARPL rmw,rw [286] | 63 mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | —–z– |
- ARPL dest,src
- ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Compares the RPL bits of “dest” against “src”. If the RPL bits
of “dest” are less than “src”, the destination RPL bits are set
equal to the source RPL bits and the Zero Flag is set. Otherwise
the Zero Flag is cleared.
BOUND - Array Index Bound Check (80188+)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOUND rw,rmw [186] | 62 mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– |
- BOUND src,limit
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Array index in source register is checked against upper and lower
bounds in memory source. The first word located at “limit” is
the lower boundary and the word at “limit+2” is the upper array bound.
Interrupt 5 occurs if the source value is less than or higher than
the source.
BSF - Bit Scan Forward (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSF rw,rmw [386] | 0F BC mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | —–z– |
- BSF dest,src
- ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Scans source operand for first bit set. Sets ZF if a bit is found
set and loads the destination with an index to first set bit. Clears
ZF is no bits are found set. BSF scans forward across bit pattern
(0-n) while BSR scans in reverse (n-0).
BSR - Bit Scan Reverse (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSR rw,rmw [386] | 0F BD mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | —–z– |
- BSR dest,src
- ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Scans source operand for first bit set. Sets ZF if a bit is found
set and loads the destination with an index to first set bit. Clears
ZF is no bits are found set. BSF scans forward across bit pattern
(0-n) while BSR scans in reverse (n-0).
BSWAP - Byte Swap (486+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSWAP eax [486] | 0F C8 | 2 | ——– | |
| BSWAP ecx [486] | 0F C9 | 2 | ——– | |
| BSWAP edx [486] | 0F CA | 2 | ——– | |
| BSWAP ebx [486] | 0F CB | 2 | ——– | |
| BSWAP esp [486] | 0F CC | 2 | ——– | |
| BSWAP ebp [486] | 0F CD | 2 | ——– | |
| BSWAP esi [486] | 0F CE | 2 | ——– | |
| BSWAP edi [486] | 0F CF | 2 | ——– |
- BSWAP reg32
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Changes the byte order of a 32 bit register from big endian to
little endian or vice versa. Result left in destination register
is undefined if the operand is a 16 bit register.
BT - Bit Test (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BT rmw,ib [386] | 0F BA /4 d0 d1 i0 | 4~6 | ——– | |
| BT rmw,rw [386] | 0F A3 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- BT dest,src
- CF
Usage
Modifies flags
The destination bit indexed by the source value is copied into the Carry Flag.
BTC - Bit Test with Compliment (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BTC rmw,ib [386] | 0F BA /7 d0 d1 i0 | 4~6 | ——– | |
| BTC rmw,rw [386] | 0F BB mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- BTC dest,src
- CF
Usage
Modifies flags
The destination bit indexed by the source value is copied into the
Carry Flag after being complimented (inverted).
BTR - Bit Test with Reset (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BTR rmw,ib [386] | 0F BA /6 d0 d1 i0 | 4~6 | ——– | |
| BTR rmw,rw [386] | 0F B3 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- BTR dest,src
- CF
Usage
Modifies flags
The destination bit indexed by the source value is copied into the
Carry Flag and then cleared in the destination.
BTS - Bit Test and Set (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BTS rmw,ib [386] | 0F BA /5 d0 d1 i0 | 4~6 | ——– | |
| BTS rmw,rw [386] | 0F AB mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- BTS dest,src
- CF
Usage
Modifies flags
The destination bit indexed by the source value is copied into the
Carry Flag and then set in the destination.
CALL - Procedure Call
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CALL np | E8 o0 o1 | 3 | ——– | |
| CALL rw | FF /2 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| CALL DWORD PTR[rw] | FF /3 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| CALL FAR PTR fp | 9A o0 o1 sl sh | 5 | ——– |
- CALL destination
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Pushes Instruction Pointer (and Code Segment for far calls) onto
stack and loads Instruction Pointer with the address of proc-name.
Code continues with execution at CS:IP.
CBW - Convert Byte to Word
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBW | 98 | 1 | ——– |
- CBW
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Converts byte in AL to word Value in AX by extending sign of AL throughout register AH.
CDQ - Convert Double to Quad (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDQ [32bit] | 66| 99 | 1+1 | ——– |
- CDQ
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Converts signed DWORD in EAX to a signed quad word in EDX:EAX by
extending the high order bit of EAX throughout EDX
CLC - Clear Carry
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLC | F8 | 1 | ——– |
- CLC
- CF
Usage
Modifies flags
Clears the Carry Flag.
CLD - Clear Direction Flag
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLD | FC | 1 | -0—— |
- CLD
- DF
Usage
Modifies flags
Clears the Direction Flag causing string instructions to increment the SI and DI index registers.
CLI - Clear Interrupt Flag (Disable Interrupts)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLI | FA | 1 | –0—– |
- CLI
- IF
Usage
Modifies flags
Disables the maskable hardware interrupts by clearing the Interrupt
flag. NMI’s and software interrupts are not inhibited.
CLTS - Clear Task Switched Flag (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLTS [286] | 0F 06 | 2 | ——– |
- CLTS
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Clears the Task Switched Flag in the Machine Status Register. This
is a privileged operation and is generally used only by operating system code.
CMC - Complement Carry Flag
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMC | F5 | 1 | ——– |
- CMC
- CF
Usage
Modifies flags
Toggles (inverts) the Carry Flag
CMP - Compare
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMP AL,ib | 3C i0 | B | 2 | o—szap |
| CMP AX,iw | 3D i0 i1 | W | 3 | o—szap |
| CMP rb,rmb | 3A mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| CMP rw,rmw | 3B mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
| CMP rmb,ib | 80 /7 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | o—szap |
| CMP rmw,iw | 81 /7 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | o—szap |
| CMP rmw,ib | 83 /7 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | o—szap |
| CMP rmb,rb | 38 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| CMP rmw,rw | 39 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- CMP dest,src
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Subtracts source from destination and updates the flags but does
not save result. Flags can subsequently be checked for conditions.
CMPS - Compare String (Byte, Word or Doubleword)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMPSB | A6 | B | 1 | od–szap |
| CMPSW | A7 | W | 1 | od–szap |
| CMPSD [32bit] | 66| A7 | D | 1+1 | od–szap |
-
CMPS dest,src
CMPSB
CMPSW
CMPSD (386+ only)
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Subtracts destination value from source without saving results.
Updates flags based on the subtraction and the index registers
(E)SI and (E)DI are incremented or decremented depending on the
state of the Direction Flag. CMPSB inc/decrements the index
registers by 1, CMPSW inc/decrements by 2, while CMPSD increments
or decrements by 4. The REP prefixes can be used to process
entire data items.
CMPXCHG/CMPXCHG8B - Compare and Exchange
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMPXCHG rmb,rb [486] | 0F A6 mr d0 d1 | B | 3~5 | o—szap |
| CMPXCHG rmw,rw [486] | 0F A7 mr d0 d1 | W | 3~5 | o—szap |
| CMPXCHG rmb,rb [486] | 0F B0 mr d0 d1 | B | 3~5 | o—szap |
| CMPXCHG rmw,rw [486] | 0F B1 mr d0 d1 | W | 3~5 | o—szap |
| CMPXCHG8B rmq,rd [P5] | 0F C7 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | —–z– |
-
CMPXCHG dest,src (486+)
CMPXCHG8B dest, src (P5+)
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Compares the accumulator (8-32 bits) with “dest”. If equal the
“dest” is loaded with “src”, otherwise the accumulator is loaded
with “dest”.
CWD - Convert Word to Doubleword
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CWD | 99 | 1 | ——– |
- CWD
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Extends sign of word in register AX throughout register DX forming
a doubleword quantity in DX:AX.
CWDE - Convert Word to Extended Doubleword (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CWDE [32bit] | 66| 98 | 1+1 | ——– |
- CWDE
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Converts a signed word in AX to a signed doubleword in EAX by
extending the sign bit of AX throughout EAX.
DAA - Decimal Adjust for Addition
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAA | 27 | 1 | —-szap |
- DAA
- AF CF PF SF ZF (OF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Corrects result (in AL) of a previous BCD addition operation.
Contents of AL are changed to a pair of packed decimal digits.
DAS - Decimal Adjust for Subtraction
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAS | 2F | 1 | —-szap |
- DAS
- AF CF PF SF ZF (OF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Corrects result (in AL) of a previous BCD subtraction operation.
Contents of AL are changed to a pair of packed decimal digits.
DEC - Decrement
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEC AX | 48 | 1 | o—szap | |
| DEC BP | 4C | 1 | o—szap | |
| DEC BX | 4A | 1 | o—szap | |
| DEC CX | 49 | 1 | o—szap | |
| DEC DI | 4F | 1 | o—szap | |
| DEC DX | 49 | 1 | o—szap | |
| DEC rmb | FE /1 d0 d1 | 2~4 | o—szap | |
| DEC rmw | FF /1 d0 d1 | 2~4 | o—szap | |
| DEC SI | 4D | 1 | o—szap | |
| DEC SP | 4B | 1 | o—szap |
- DEC dest
- AF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Unsigned binary subtraction of one from the destination.
DIV - Divide
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIV rmb | F6 /6 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| DIV rmw | F7 /6 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- DIV src
- (AF,CF,OF,PF,SF,ZF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Unsigned binary division of accumulator by source. If the source
divisor is a byte value then AX is divided by “src” and the quotient
is placed in AL and the remainder in AH. If source operand is a word
value, then DX:AX is divided by “src” and the quotient is stored in AX
and the remainder in DX.
ENTER - Make Stack Frame (80188+)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENTER iw,ib [186] | C8 i0 i1 i0 | 4 | ——– |
- ENTER locals,level
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Modifies stack for entry to procedure for high level language.
Operand “locals” specifies the amount of storage to be allocated
on the stack. “Level” specifies the nesting level of the routine.
Paired with the LEAVE instruction, this is an efficient method of
entry and exit to procedures.
A description of the floating point instructions is not available at yet.
The following table has been provided for op-codes:
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F2XM1 | D9 F0 | 2 | ——– | |
| FABS | D9 E1 | 2 | ——– | |
| FADD | DE C1 | 2 | ——– | |
| FADD mdr | D8 /0 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FADD mqr | DC /0 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FADD st(i),st | DC C0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FADD st,st(i) | D8 C0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FADDP st(i),st | DE C0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FBLD mtr | DF /4 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| FBSTP mtr | DF /6 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| FCHS | D9 E0 | 2 | ——– | |
| FCLEX | 9B DB E2 | 3 | ——– | |
| FCOM | D8 D1 | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FCOM mdr | D8 /2 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FCOM mqr | DC /2 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FCOM st(i) | D8 D0+i | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FCOMP | D8 D9 | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FCOMP mdr | D8 /3 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FCOMP mqr | DC /3 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FCOMP st(i) | D8 D8+i | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FCOMPP | DE D9 | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FCOS [387] | D9 FF | 2 | ——– | |
| FDECSTP | D9 F6 | 2 | ——– | |
| FDISI | 9B DB E1 | 3 | ——– | |
| FDIV mdr | D8 /6 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FDIV mqr | DC /6 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FDIV st(i),st | DC F8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FDIV st,st(i) | DC F0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FDIVP | DE F9 | 2 | ——– | |
| FDIVP st(i),st | DE F8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FDIVR mdr | D8 /7 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FDIVR mqr | DC /7 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FDIVR st(i),st | DC F0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FDIVR st,st(i) | DC F8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FDIVRP | DE F1 | 2 | ——– | |
| FDIVRP st(i),st | DE F0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FENI | 9B DB E0 | 3 | ——– | |
| FFREE st(i) | DD C0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FIADD mw | DE /0 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FIADD md | DA /0 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FICOM mdr | DE /2 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FICOM mqr | DA /2 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FICOMP md | DE /3 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FICOMP mq | DA /3 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | —–z-p |
| FIDIV mw | DE /6 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FIDIV md | DA /6 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FIDIVR mw | DE /7 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FIDIVR md | DA /7 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FILD mw | DF /0 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FILD md | DB /0 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FILD mq | DF /5 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FIMUL mw | DE /1 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FIMUL md | DA /1 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FINCSTP | D9 F7 | 2 | ——– | |
| FINIT | 9B DB E3 | 3 | ——– | |
| FIST mw | DF /2 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FIST md | DB /2 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FISTP mw | DF /3 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FISTP md | DB /3 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FISTP mq | DF /7 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FISUB mw | DE /4 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FISUB md | DA /4 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FISUBR mw | DE /5 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FISUBR md | DA /5 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FLD mdr | D9 /0 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FLD mqr | DD /0 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FLD mtr | DB /5 d0 d1 | T | 2~4 | ——– |
| FLD st(i) | D9 C0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FLD1 | D9 E8 | 2 | ——– | |
| FLDCW mw | D9 /5 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FLDENV m14 | D9 /4 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| FLDL2E | D9 EA | 2 | ——– | |
| FLDL2T | D9 E9 | 2 | ——– | |
| FLDLG2 | D9 EC | 2 | ——– | |
| FLDLN2 | D9 ED | 2 | ——– | |
| FLDPI | D9 EB | 2 | ——– | |
| FLDZ | D9 EE | 2 | ——– | |
| FMUL | DE C9 | 2 | ——– | |
| FMUL mdr | D8 /1 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FMUL mqr | DC /1 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FMUL st(i),st | DC C8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FMUL st,st(i) | D8 C8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FMULP st(i),st | DE C8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FNCLEX | DB E2 | 2 | ——– | |
| FNDISI | DB E1 | 2 | ——– | |
| FNENI | DB E0 | 2 | ——– | |
| FNINIT | DB E3 | 2 | ——– | |
| FNOP | D9 D0 | 2 | ——– | |
| FNSAVE m94 | DD /6 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| FNSTCW mw | D9 /7 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FNSTENV m14 | D9 /6 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| FNSTSW ax | DF E0 | 2 | ——– | |
| FNSTSW mw | DD /7 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| FPATAN | D9 F3 | 2 | ——– | |
| FPREM | D9 F8 | 2 | ——– | |
| FPREM1 [387] | D9 F5 | 2 | ——– | |
| FPTAN | D9 F2 | 2 | ——– | |
| FRNDINT | D9 FC | 2 | ——– | |
| FRSTOR m94 | DD /4 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| FSAVE m94 | 9B DD /6 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– | |
| FSCALE | D9 FD | 2 | ——– | |
| FSETPM | DB E4 | 2 | ——– | |
| FSIN [387] | D9 FE | 2 | ——– | |
| FSINCOS [387] | D9 FB | 2 | ——– | |
| FSQRT | D9 FA | 2 | ——– | |
| FST mdr | D9 /2 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FST mqr | DD /2 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FST st(i) | DD D0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FSTCW mw | 9B D9 /7 d0 d1 | W | 3~5 | ——– |
| FSTENV m14 | 9B D9 /6 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– | |
| FSTP mdr | D9 /3 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FSTP mqr | DD /3 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FSTP mtr | DB /7 d0 d1 | T | 2~4 | ——– |
| FSTP st(i) | DD D8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FSTSW ax | 9B DF E0 | 3 | ——– | |
| FSTSW mw | 9B DD /7 d0 d1 | W | 3~5 | ——– |
| FSUB mdr | D8 /4 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FSUB mqr | DC /4 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FSUB st(i),st | DC E8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FSUB st,st(i) | D8 E0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FSUBP | DE E9 | 2 | ——– | |
| FSUBP st(i),st | DE E8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FSUBR | DE E1 | 2 | ——– | |
| FSUBR mdr | D8 /5 d0 d1 | D | 2~4 | ——– |
| FSUBR mqr | DC /5 d0 d1 | Q | 2~4 | ——– |
| FSUBR st(i),st | DC E0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FSUBR st,st(i) | D8 E8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FSUBRP st(i),st | DE E0+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FTST | D9 E4 | 2 | ——– | |
| FUCOM [387] | DD E1 | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FUCOM st(i) [387] | DD E0+i | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FUCOMP st(i) [387] | DD E8+i | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FUCOMPP [387] | DA E9 | 2 | —–z-p | |
| FXAM | D9 E5 | 2 | ——– | |
| FXCH | D9 C9 | 2 | ——– | |
| FXCH st(i) | D9 C8+i | 2 | ——– | |
| FXTRACT | D9 F4 | 2 | ——– | |
| FYL2X | D9 F1 | 2 | ——– | |
| FYL2XP1 | D9 F9 | 2 | ——– |
ESC - Escape
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESC | ? | 2 | ——– |
- ESC immed,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Provides access to the data bus for other resident processors.
The CPU treats it as a NOP but places memory operand on bus.
HLT - Halt CPU
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HLT | F4 | 1 | ——– |
- HLT
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Halts CPU until RESET line is activated, NMI or maskable interrupt
received. The CPU becomes dormant but retains the current CS:IP
for later restart.
IDIV - Signed Integer Division
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDIV rmb | F6 /7 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| IDIV rmw | F7 /7 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- IDIV src
- (AF,CF,OF,PF,SF,ZF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Signed binary division of accumulator by source. If source is a
byte value, AX is divided by “src” and the quotient is stored in
AL and the remainder in AH. If source is a word value, DX:AX is
divided by “src”, and the quotient is stored in AL and the
remainder in DX.
IMUL - Signed Multiply
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMUL rb,rmb [386] | 0F AF mr d0 d1 | B | 3~5 | o—szap |
| IMUL rd,ib | 6B mr i0 | W | 3 | o—szap |
| IMUL rd,id | 69 mr i0 i1 i2 i3 | W | 6 | o—szap |
| IMUL rd,rmd,ib | 6B mr d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o—szap |
| IMUL rd,rmd,id | 69 mr d0 d1 i0~i3 | W | 6~8 | o—szap |
| IMUL rmb | F6 /5 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| IMUL rmw | F7 /5 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
| IMUL rw,ib | 6B mr i0 | B | 3 | o—szap |
| IMUL rw,iw | 69 mr i0 i1 | B | 4 | o—szap |
| IMUL rw,rmw [386] | 0F AF mr d0 d1 | W | 3~5 | o—szap |
| IMUL rw,rmw,ib | 6B mr d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o—szap |
| IMUL rw,rmw,iw | 69 mr d0 d1 i0 i1 | B | 4~6 | o—szap |
-
IMUL src
IMUL src,immed (286+ only)
IMUL dest,src,immed8 (286+ only)
IMUL dest,src (386+ only)
- CF OF (AF,PF,SF,ZF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Signed multiplication of accumulator by “src” with result placed
in the accumulator. If the source operand is a byte value, it
is multiplied by AL and the result stored in AX. If the source
operand is a word value it is multiplied by AX and the result is
stored in DX:AX. Other variations of this instruction allow
specification of source and destination registers as well as a
third immediate factor.
IN - Input Byte or Word From Port
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN AL,ib | E4 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| IN AL,DX | EC | B | 1 | ——– |
| IN AX,ib | E5 i0 | W | 2 | ——– |
| IN AX,DX | ED | W | 1 | ——– |
- IN accum,port
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
A byte, word or dword is read from “port” and placed in AL, AX or
EAX respectively. If the port number is in the range of 0-255
it can be specified as an immediate, otherwise the port number
must be specified in DX. Valid port ranges on the PC are 0-1024,
though values through 65535 may be specified and recognized by
third party vendors and PS/2’s.
INC - Increment
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INC AX | 40 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC CX | 41 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC DX | 42 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC BX | 43 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC SP | 44 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC BP | 45 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC SI | 46 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC DI | 47 | 1 | o—szap | |
| INC rmb | FE /0 d0 d1 | 2~4 | o—szap | |
| INC rmw | FF /0 d0 d1 | 2~4 | o—szap |
- INC dest
- AF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Adds one to destination unsigned binary operand.
INS - Input String from Port (80188+)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INSB [186] | 6C | B | 1 | ——– |
| INSW [186] | 6D | W | 1 | ——– |
| INSD [32bit] | 66| 6D | D | 1+1 | ——– |
-
INS dest,port
INSB
INSW
INSD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads data from port to the destination ES:(E)DI (even if a
destination operand is supplied). (E)DI is adjusted by the size
of the operand and increased if the Direction Flag is cleared and
decreased if the Direction Flag is set. For INSB, INSW, INSD no
operands are allowed and the size is determined by the mnemonic.
INT - Interrupt
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INT 3 | CC | 1 | –00—- | |
| INT ib | CD i0 | 2 | –00—- |
- INT num
- TF IF
Usage
Modifies flags
Initiates a software interrupt by pushing the flags, clearing the
Trap and Interrupt Flags, pushing CS followed by IP and loading
CS:IP with the value found in the interrupt vector table. Execution
then begins at the location addressed by the new CS:IP
INTO - Interrupt on Overflow
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INTO | CE | 1 | –00—- |
- INTO
- IF TF
Usage
Modifies flags
If the Overflow Flag is set this instruction generates an INT 4
which causes the code addressed by 0000:0010 to be executed.
INVD - Invalidate Cache (486+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INVD [486] | 0F 08 | 2 | ——– |
- INVD
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Flushes CPU internal cache. Issues special function bus cycle
which indicates to flush external caches. Data in write-back
external caches is lost.
INVLPG - Invalidate Translation Look-Aside Buffer Entry (486+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INVLPG m [486] | 0F 01 /7 | 3 | ——– |
- INVLPG
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Invalidates a single page table entry in the Translation
Look-Aside Buffer. Intel warns that this instruction may be
implemented differently on future processors.
IRET/IRETD - Interrupt Return
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRET | CF | 1 | oditszap | |
| IRETD [32bit] | 66| CF | 1+1 | oditszap |
-
IRET
IRETD (386+ only)
- AF CF DF IF PF SF TF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Returns control to point of interruption by popping IP, CS
and then the Flags from the stack and continues execution at
this location. CPU exception interrupts will return to the
instruction that cause the exception because the CS:IP placed
on the stack during the interrupt is the address of the offending
instruction.
JA/JNBE - Jump Above / Jump Not Below or Equal
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JA ll [386] | 0F 87 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JA sl | 77 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JA label
JNBE label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Carry Flag and Zero Flag
are both clear. Unsigned comparison.
*) JA/JNBE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JAE/JNB - Jump Above or Equal / Jump on Not Below
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JAE ll [386] | 0F 83 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JAE sl | 73 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JAE label
JNB label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Carry Flag is clear.
Functionally similar to JNC. Unsigned comparison.
*) JAE/JNB are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JB/JNAE - Jump Below / Jump Not Above or Equal
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JB ll [386] | 0F 82 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JB sl | 72 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JB label
JNAE label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Carry Flag is set.
Functionally similar to JC. Unsigned comparison.
*) JB/JNAE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JBE/JNA - Jump Below or Equal / Jump Not Above
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JBE ll [386] | 0F 86 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JBE sl | 76 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JBE label
JNA label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Carry Flag or
the Zero Flag is set. Unsigned comparison.
*) JBE/JNA are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JC - Jump on Carry
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JC ll [386] | 0F 82 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JC sl | 72 r0 | 2 | ——– |
- JC label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Carry Flag is set.
Functionally similar to JB and JNAE. Unsigned comparison.
JCXZ/JECXZ - Jump if Register (E)CX is Zero
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JCXZ sl | E3 r0 | 2 | ——– | |
| JECXZ sl [32bit] | 67| E3 r0 | 1+2 | ——– |
-
JCXZ label
JECXZ label (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if register CX is zero. Uses unsigned comparison.
JE/JZ - Jump Equal / Jump Zero
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JE ll [386] | 0F 84 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JE sl | 74 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JE label
JZ label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Zero Flag is set. Uses unsigned comparison.
*) JE/JZ are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JG/JNLE - Jump Greater / Jump Not Less or Equal
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JG ll [386] | 0F 8F r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JG sl | 7F r0 | 4 | ——– |
-
JG label
JNLE label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Zero Flag is clear or
the Sign Flag equals the Overflow Flag. Signed comparison.
*) JG/JNLE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JGE/JNL - Jump Greater or Equal / Jump Not Less
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JGE ll [386] | 0F 8D r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JGE sl | 7D r0 | 4 | ——– |
-
JGE label
JNL label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Sign Flag equals
the Overflow Flag. Signed comparison.
*) JGE/JNL are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JL/JNGE - Jump Less / Jump Not Greater or Equal
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JL ll [386] | 0F 8C r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JL sl | 7C r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JL label
JNGE label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Sign Flag is not equal
to Overflow Flag. Unsigned comparison.
*) JL/JNGE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JLE/JNG - Jump Less or Equal / Jump Not Greater
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JLE ll [386] | 0F 8E r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JLE sl | 7E r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JLE label
JNG label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Zero Flag is set or the
Sign Flag is not equal to the Overflow Flag. Signed comparison.
*) JLE/JNG are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JMP - Unconditional Jump
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JMP SHORT sl | EB r0 | 2 | ——– | |
| JMP np | E9 o0 o1 | 3 | ——– | |
| JMP rmw | FF /4 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| JMP DWORD PTR [rmw] | FF /5 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| JMP FAR PTR fp | EA o0 o1 s0 s1 | 5 | ——– |
- JMP target
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Unconditionally transfers control to “label”. Jumps by default
are within -32768 to 32767 bytes from the instruction following
the jump. NEAR and SHORT jumps cause the IP to be updated while FAR
jumps cause CS and IP to be updated.
JNC - Jump Not Carry
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JNC ll [386] | 0F 83 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JNC sl | 73 r0 | 2 | ——– |
- JNC label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Carry Flag is clear.
Functionally similar to JAE or JNB. Unsigned comparison.
JNE/JNZ - Jump Not Equal / Jump Not Zero
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JNE ll [386] | 0F 85 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JNE sl | 75 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JNE label
JNZ label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Zero Flag is clear. Unsigned comparison.
*) JNE/JNZ are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JNO - Jump Not Overflow
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JNO ll [386] | 0F 81 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JNO sl | 71 r0 | 2 | ——– |
- JNO label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Overflow Flag is clear. Signed comparison.
JNS - Jump Not Signed
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JNS ll [386] | 0F 89 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JNS sl | 79 r0 | 2 | ——– |
- JNS label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Sign Flag is clear. Signed comparison.
JNP/JPO - Jump Not Parity / Jump Parity Odd
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JNP ll [386] | 0F 8B r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JNP sl | 7B r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JNP label
JPO label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Parity Flag is clear. Unsigned comparison.
*) JNE/JPO are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JO - Jump on Overflow
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JO ll [386] | 0F 80 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JO sl | 70 r0 | 2 | ——– |
- JO label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Overflow Flag is set. Signed comparison.
JP/JPE - Jump on Parity / Jump on Parity Even
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP ll [386] | 0F 8A r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JP sl | 7A r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
JP label
JPE label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Parity Flag is set. Unsigned comparison.
*) JP/JPE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
JS - Jump Signed
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JS ll [386] | 0F 88 r0 r1 | 4 | ——– | |
| JS sl | 78 r0 | 2 | ——– |
- JS label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Causes execution to branch to “label” if the Sign Flag is set. Signed comparison.
LAHF - Load Register AH From Flags
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAHF | 9F | 1 | ——– |
- LAHF
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Copies bits 0-7 of the flags register into AH. This includes flags
AF, CF, PF, SF and ZF other bits are undefined.
LAR - Load Access Rights (286+ protected)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAR rw,rmw [286] | 0F 02 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | —–z– |
- LAR dest,src
- ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
The high byte of the of the destination register is overwritten by
the value of the access rights byte and the low order byte is zeroed
depending on the selection in the source operand. The Zero Flag is
set if the load operation is successful.
LDS - Load Pointer Using DS
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDS rw,md | C5 mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– |
- LDS dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads 32-bit pointer from memory source to destination register
and DS. The offset is placed in the destination register and the
segment is placed in DS. To use this instruction the word at the
lower memory address must contain the offset and the word at the
higher address must contain the segment. This simplifies the loading
of far pointers from the stack and the interrupt vector table.
LEA - Load Effective Address
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEA rw,mw | 8D mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– |
- LEA dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers offset address of “src” to the destination register.
LEAVE - Restore Stack for Procedure Exit (80188+)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAVE [186] | C9 | 1 | ——– |
- LEAVE
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Releases the local variables created by the previous ENTER
instruction by restoring SP and BP to their condition before
the procedure stack frame was initialized.
LES - Load Pointer Using ES
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LES rw,md | C4 mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– |
- LES dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads 32-bit pointer from memory source to destination register
and ES. The offset is placed in the destination register and the
segment is placed in ES. To use this instruction the word at the
lower memory address must contain the offset and the word at the
higher address must contain the segment. This simplifies the loading
of far pointers from the stack and the interrupt vector table.
LFS - Load Pointer Using FS (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LFS rw,md [386] | 0F B4 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LFS dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads 32-bit pointer from memory source to destination register
and FS. The offset is placed in the destination register and the
segment is placed in FS. To use this instruction the word at the
lower memory address must contain the offset and the word at the
higher address must contain the segment. This simplifies the loading
of far pointers from the stack and the interrupt vector table.
LGDT - Load Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LGDT mw [286] | 0F 01 /2 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LGDT src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads a value from an operand into the Global Descriptor Table (GDT) register.
LIDT - Load Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIDT mw [286] | 0F 01 /3 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LIDT src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads a value from an operand into the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) register.
LGS - Load Pointer Using GS (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LGS rw,md [386] | 0F B5 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LGS dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads 32-bit pointer from memory source to destination register
and GS. The offset is placed in the destination register and the
segment is placed in GS. To use this instruction the word at the
lower memory address must contain the offset and the word at the
higher address must contain the segment. This simplifies the loading
of far pointers from the stack and the interrupt vector table.
LLDT - Load Local Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LLDT rmw [286] | 0F 00 /2 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LLDT src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads a value from an operand into the Local Descriptor Table Register (LDTR).
LMSW - Load Machine Status Word (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMSW rmw [286] | 0F 01 /6 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LMSW src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads the Machine Status Word (MSW) from data found at “src”
LOCK - Lock Bus
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOCK | F0 | 1 | ——– |
-
LOCK
LOCK: (386+ prefix)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
This instruction is a prefix that causes the CPU assert bus lock
signal during the execution of the next instruction. Used to
avoid two processors from updating the same data location. The
286 always asserts lock during an XCHG with memory operands. This
should only be used to lock the bus prior to XCHG, MOV, IN and
OUT instructions.
LODS - Load String (Byte, Word or Double)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LODSB | AC | B | 1 | ——– |
| LODSW | AD | W | 1 | ——– |
| LODSD [32bit] | 66| AD | D | 1+1 | ——– |
-
LODS src
LODSB
LODSW
LODSD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers string element addressed by DS:SI (even if an operand is
supplied) to the accumulator. SI is incremented based on the size
of the operand or based on the instruction used. If the Direction
Flag is set SI is decremented, if the Direction Flag is clear SI
is incremented. Use with REP prefixes.
LOOP - Decrement CX and Loop if CX Not Zero
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOOP sl | E2 r0 | 2 | ——– |
- LOOP label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Decrements CX by 1 and transfers control to “label” if CX is not
Zero. The “label” operand must be within -128 or 127 bytes of the
instruction following the loop instruction
LOOPE/LOOPZ - Loop While Equal / Loop While Zero
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOOPE sl | E1 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
LOOPE label
LOOPZ label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Decrements CX by 1 (without modifying the flags) and transfers
control to “label” if CX != 0 and the Zero Flag is set. The
“label” operand must be within -128 or 127 bytes of the instruction
following the loop instruction.
*) LOOPE/LOOPZ are different mnemonics for the same instruction
LOOPNZ/LOOPNE - Loop While Not Zero / Loop While Not Equal
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOOPNZ sl | E0 r0 | 2 | ——– |
-
LOOPNZ label
LOOPNE label
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Decrements CX by 1 (without modifying the flags) and transfers
control to “label” if CX != 0 and the Zero Flag is clear. The
“label” operand must be within -128 or 127 bytes of the instruction
following the loop instruction.
*) LOOPNZ/LOOPNE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
LSL - Load Segment Limit (286+ protected)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSL rw,rmw [286] | 0F 03 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LSL dest,src
- ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads the segment limit of a selector into the destination register
if the selector is valid and visible at the current privilege level.
If loading is successful the Zero Flag is set, otherwise it is
cleared.
LSS - Load Pointer Using SS (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSS rw,md [386] | 0F B2 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LSS dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads 32-bit pointer from memory source to destination register
and SS. The offset is placed in the destination register and the
segment is placed in SS. To use this instruction the word at the
lower memory address must contain the offset and the word at the
higher address must contain the segment. This simplifies the loading
of far pointers from the stack and the interrupt vector table.
LTR - Load Task Register (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTR rmw [286] | 0F 00 /3 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- LTR src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Loads the current task register with the value specified in “src”.
MOV - Move Byte or Word
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOV AL,rmb | A0 d0 d1 | B | 3 | ——– |
| MOV AX,rmw | A1 d0 d1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV AL,ib | B0 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV AH,ib | B4 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV AX,iw | B8 i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV CL,ib | B1 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV CH,ib | B5 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV CX,iw | B9 i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV DL,ib | B2 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV DH,ib | B6 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV DX,iw | BA i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV BL,ib | B3 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV BH,ib | B7 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| MOV BX,iw | BB i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV SP,iw | BC i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV BP,iw | BD i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV SI,iw | BE i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV DI,iw | BF i0 i1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV cr,rd [386] | 0F 22 mr | 3 | ——– | |
| MOV rd,cr [386] | 0F 20 mr | 3 | ——– | |
| MOV dr,rd [386] | 0F 23 mr | 3 | ——– | |
| MOV rd,dr [386] | 0F 21 mr | 3 | ——– | |
| MOV tr,rd [386] | 0F 26 mr | 2 | ——– | |
| MOV rd,tr [386] | 0F 24 mr | 3 | ——– | |
| MOV rb,rmb | 8A mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | ——– |
| MOV rmb,rb | 88 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | ——– |
| MOV rmb,AL | A2 d0 d1 | B | 3 | ——– |
| MOV rmw,AX | A3 d0 d1 | W | 3 | ——– |
| MOV rmb,ib | C6 mr d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | ——– |
| MOV rmw,iw | C7 mr d0 d1 i0 i1 | W | 4~6 | ——– |
| MOV rmw,rw | 89 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| MOV rw,rmw | 8B mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| MOV rmw,sr | 8C mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– | |
| MOV sr,rmw | 8E mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– |
- MOV dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Copies byte or word from the source operand to the destination
operand. If the destination is SS interrupts are disabled except
on early buggy 808x CPUs. Some CPUs disable interrupts if the
destination is any of the segment registers
MOVS - Move String (Byte or Word)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOVSB | A4 | B | 1 | ——– |
| MOVSW | A5 | W | 1 | ——– |
| MOVSD [32bit] | 66| A5 | D | 1+1 | ——– |
-
MOVS dest,src
MOVSB
MOVSW
MOVSD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Copies data from addressed by DS:SI (even if operands are given) to
the location ES:DI destination and updates SI and DI based on the
size of the operand or instruction used. SI and DI are incremented
when the Direction Flag is cleared and decremented when the Direction
Flag is Set. Use with REP prefixes.
MOVSX - Move with Sign Extend (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOVSX rw,rmb [386] | 0F BE mr d0 d1 | B | 3~5 | ——– |
| MOVSX rd,rmw [386] | 0F BF mr d0 d1 | W | 3~5 | ——– |
- MOVSX dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Copies the value of the source operand to the destination register
with the sign extended.
MOVZX - Move with Zero Extend (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOVZX rw,rmb [386] | 0F B6 mr d0 d1 | B | 3~5 | ——– |
| MOVZX rd,rmw [386] | 0F B7 mr d0 d1 | B | 3~5 | ——– |
- MOVZX dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Copies the value of the source operand to the destination register
with the zeroes extended.
MUL - Unsigned Multiply
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MUL rmb | F6 /4 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| MUL rmw | F7 /4 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- MUL src
- CF OF (AF,PF,SF,ZF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Unsigned multiply of the accumulator by the source. If “src” is
a byte value, then AL is used as the other multiplicand and the
result is placed in AX. If “src” is a word value, then AX is
multiplied by “src” and DX:AX receives the result. If “src” is
a double word value, then EAX is multiplied by “src” and EDX:EAX
receives the result. The 386+ uses an early out algorithm which
makes multiplying any size value in EAX as fast as in the 8 or 16
bit registers.
NEG - Two’s Complement Negation
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEG rmb | F6 /3 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| NEG rmw | F7 /3 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- NEG dest
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Subtracts the destination from 0 and saves the 2s complement of
“dest” back into “dest”.
NOP - No Operation
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOP | 90 | 1 | ——– |
- NOP
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
This is a do nothing instruction. It results in occupation of both
space and time and is most useful for patching :-) code [segments].
NOT - One’s Compliment Negation (Logical NOT)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOT rmb | F6 /2 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | ——– |
| NOT rmw | F7 /2 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
- NOT dest
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Inverts the bits of the “dest” operand forming the 1s complement.
OR - Inclusive Logical OR
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR AL,ib | 0C i0 | B | 2 | o—szap |
| OR AX,iw | 0D i0 i1 | W | 3 | o—szap |
| OR rb,rmb | 0A mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| OR rw,rmw | 0B mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
| OR rmb,ib | 80 /1 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | o—szap |
| OR rmw,iw | 81 /1 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | o—szap |
| OR rmw,ib | 83 /1 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | o—szap |
| OR rmb,rb | 08 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| OR rmw,rw | 09 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- OR dest,src
- CF OF PF SF ZF (AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Logical inclusive OR of the two operands returning the result in
the destination. Any bit set in either operand will be set in the
destination.
OUT - Output Data to Port
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OUT DX,AL | EE | B | 1 | ——– |
| OUT DX,AX | EF | W | 1 | ——– |
| OUT ib,AL | E6 i0 | B | 2 | ——– |
| OUT ib,AX | E7 i0 | W | 2 | ——– |
- OUT port,accum
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers byte in AL,word in AX or dword in EAX to the specified
hardware port address. If the port number is in the range of 0-255
it can be specified as an immediate. If greater than 255 then the
port number must be specified in DX. Since the PC only decodes 10
bits of the port address, values over 1023 can only be decoded by
third party vendor equipment and also map to the port range 0-1023.
OUTS - Output String to Port (80188+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OUTSB [186] | 6E | B | 1 | ——– |
| OUTSW [186] | 6F | W | 1 | ——– |
| OUTSD [32bit] | 66| 6F | D | 1+1 | ——– |
-
OUTS port,src
OUTSB
OUTSW
OUTSD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers a byte, word or doubleword from “src” to the hardware
port specified in DX. For instructions with no operands the “src”
is located at DS:SI and SI is incremented or decremented by the
size of the operand or the size dictated by the instruction format.
When the Direction Flag is set SI is decremented, when clear, SI is
incremented. If the port number is in the range of 0-255 it can
be specified as an immediate. If greater than 255 then the port
number must be specified in DX. Since the PC only decodes 10 bits
of the port address, values over 1023 can only be decoded by third
party vendor equipment and also map to the port range 0-1023.
POP - Pop Word off Stack
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| POP AX | 58 | 1 | ——– | |
| POP CX | 59 | 1 | ——– | |
| POP DX | 5A | 1 | ——– | |
| POP BX | 5B | 1 | ——– | |
| POP SP | 5C | 1 | ——– | |
| POP BP | 5D | 1 | ——– | |
| POP SI | 5E | 1 | ——– | |
| POP DI | 5F | 1 | ——– | |
| POP ES | 07 | 1 | ——– | |
| POP SS | 17 | 1 | ——– | |
| POP DS | 1F | 1 | ——– | |
| POP FS [386] | 0F A1 | 2 | ——– | |
| POP GS [386] | 0F A9 | 2 | ——– | |
| POP rmw | 8F mr d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– |
- POP dest
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers word at the current stack top (SS:SP) to the destination
then increments SP by two to point to the new stack top. CS is not
a valid destination.
POPA/POPAD - Pop All Registers onto Stack (80188+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| POPA [186] | 61 | 1 | ——– | |
| POPAD [32bit] | 66| 61 | 1+1 | ——– |
-
POPA
POPAD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Pops the top 8 words off the stack into the 8 general purpose 16/32
bit registers. Registers are popped in the following order: (E)DI,
(E)SI, (E)BP, (E)SP, (E)DX, (E)CX and (E)AX. The (E)SP value popped
from the stack is actually discarded.
POPF/POPFD - Pop Flags off Stack
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| POPF | 9D | 1 | oditszap | |
| POPFD [32bit] | 66| 9D | 1+1 | oditszap |
-
POPF
POPFD (386+ only)
- all flags
Usage
Modifies flags
Pops word/doubleword from stack into the Flags Register and then
increments SP by 2 (for POPF) or 4 (for POPFD).
PUSH - Push Word onto Stack
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PUSH AX | 50 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH CX | 51 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH DX | 52 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH BX | 53 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH SP | 54 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH BP | 55 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH SI | 56 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH DI | 57 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH ES | 06 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH CS | 0E | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH SS | 16 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH DS | 1E | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSH FS [386] | 0F A0 | 2 | ——– | |
| PUSH GS [386] | 0F A8 | 2 | ——– | |
| PUSH ib [186] | 6A i0 | E | 2 | ——– |
| PUSH iw [186] | 68 i0 i1 | N | 3 | ——– |
| PUSH rmw | FF /6 d0 d1 | 2~4 | ——– |
-
PUSH src
PUSH immed (80188+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Decrements SP by the size of the operand (two or four, byte values
are sign extended) and transfers one word from source to the stack
top (SS:SP).
PUSHA/PUSHAD - Push All Registers onto Stack (80188+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PUSHA [186] | 60 | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSHAD [32bit] | 66| 60 | 1+1 | ——– |
-
PUSHA
PUSHAD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Pushes all general purpose registers onto the stack in the following
order: (E)AX, (E)CX, (E)DX, (E)BX, (E)SP, (E)BP, (E)SI, (E)DI. The
value of SP is the value before the actual push of SP.
PUSHF/PUSHFD - Push Flags onto Stack
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PUSHF | 9C | 1 | ——– | |
| PUSHFD [32bit] | 66| 9C | 1+1 | ——– |
-
PUSHF
PUSHFD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers the Flags Register onto the stack. PUSHF saves a 16 bit
value while PUSHFD saves a 32 bit value.
RCL - Rotate Through Carry Left
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RCL rmb,1 | D0 /2 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCL rmb,CL | D2 /2 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCL rmb,ib [186] | C0 /2 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| RCL rmw,1 | D1 /2 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCL rmw,CL | D3 /2 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCL rmw,ib [186] | C1 /2 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
- RCL dest,count
- CF OF
Usage
Modifies flags
Rotates the bits in the destination to the left “count” times with
all data pushed out the left side re-entering on the right. The
Carry Flag holds the last bit rotated out.
RCR - Rotate Through Carry Right
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RCR rmb,1 | D0 /3 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCR rmb,CL | D2 /3 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCR rmb,ib [186] | C0 /3 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| RCR rmw,1 | D1 /3 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCR rmw,CL | D3 /3 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| RCR rmw,ib [186] | C1 /3 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
- RCR dest,count
- CF OF
Usage
Modifies flags
Rotates the bits in the destination to the right “count” times with
all data pushed out the right side re-entering on the left. The
Carry Flag holds the last bit rotated out.
REP - Repeat String Operation
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REP | F3 | 1 | —–z– |
- REP
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Repeats execution of string instructions while CX != 0. After
each string operation, CX is decremented and the Zero Flag is
tested. The combination of a repeat prefix and a segment override
on CPU’s before the 386 may result in errors if an interrupt occurs
before CX=0. The following code shows code that is susceptible to
this and how to avoid it:
again: rep movs byte ptr ES:[DI],ES:[SI] ; vulnerable instr.
jcxz next ; continue if REP successful
loop again ; interrupt goofed count
next:
REPE/REPZ - Repeat Equal / Repeat Zero
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REPE | F3 | 1 | ——– |
-
REPE
REPZ
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Repeats execution of string instructions while CX != 0 and the Zero
Flag is set. CX is decremented and the Zero Flag tested after
each string operation. The combination of a repeat prefix and a
segment override on processors other than the 386 may result in
errors if an interrupt occurs before CX=0.
*) REPE/REPZ are different mnemonics for the same instruction
REPNE/REPNZ - Repeat Not Equal / Repeat Not Zero
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REPNE | F2 | 1 | —–z– |
-
REPNE
REPNZ
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Repeats execution of string instructions while CX != 0 and the Zero
Flag is clear. CX is decremented and the Zero Flag tested after
each string operation. The combination of a repeat prefix and a
segment override on processors other than the 386 may result in
errors if an interrupt occurs before CX=0.
*) REPNE/REPNZ are different mnemonics for the same instruction
RET/RETF - Return From Procedure
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RET | C3 | 1 | ——– | |
| RET iw | C2 i0 i1 | 3 | ——– | |
| RETF | CB | 1 | ——– | |
| RETF iw | CA i0 i1 | 3 | ——– |
-
RET nBytes
RETF nBytes
RETN nBytes
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers control from a procedure back to the instruction address
saved on the stack. “n bytes” is an optional number of bytes to
release. Far returns pop the IP followed by the CS, while near
returns pop only the IP register.
ROL - Rotate Left
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROL rmb,1 | D0 /0 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROL rmb,CL | D2 /0 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROL rmb,ib [186] | C0 /0 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| ROL rmw,1 | D1 /0 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROL rmw,CL | D3 /0 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROL rmw,ib [186] | C1 /0 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
- ROL dest,count
- CF OF
Usage
Modifies flags
Rotates the bits in the destination to the left “count” times with
all data pushed out the left side re-entering on the right. The
Carry Flag will contain the value of the last bit rotated out.
ROR - Rotate Right
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROR rmb,1 | D0 /1 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROR rmb,CL | D2 /1 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROR rmb,ib [186] | C0 /1 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| ROR rmw,1 | D1 /1 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROR rmw,CL | D3 /1 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| ROR rmw,ib [186] | C1 /1 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
- ROR dest,count
- CF OF
Usage
Modifies flags
Rotates the bits in the destination to the right “count” times with
all data pushed out the right side re-entering on the left. The
Carry Flag will contain the value of the last bit rotated out.
SAHF - Store AH Register into FLAGS
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAHF | 9E | 1 | —-szap |
- SAHF
- AF CF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Transfers bits 0-7 of AH into the Flags Register. This includes AF, CF, PF, SF and ZF.
SAL/SHL - Shift Arithmetic Left / Shift Logical Left
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAL rmb,1 | D0 /4 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| SAL rmb,CL | D2 /4 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| SAL rmb,ib [186] | C0 /4 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| SAL rmw,1 | D1 /4 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SAL rmw,CL | D3 /4 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SAL rmw,ib [186] | C1 /4 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
| SHL rmb,1 | D0 /4 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHL rmb,CL | D2 /4 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHL rmb,ib [186] | C0 /4 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| SHL rmw,1 | D1 /4 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHL rmw,CL | D3 /4 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHL rmw,ib [186] | C1 /4 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
-
SAL dest,count
SHL dest,count
- CF OF PF SF ZF (AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Shifts the destination left by “count” bits with zeroes shifted
in on right. The Carry Flag contains the last bit shifted out.
SAR - Shift Arithmetic Right
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR rmb,CL | D2 /7 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| SAR rmb,ib [186] | C0 /7 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| SAR rmw,1 | D1 /7 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SAR rmw,CL | D3 /7 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SAR rmw,ib [186] | C1 /7 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
- SAR dest,count
- CF OF PF SF ZF (AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Shifts the destination right by “count” bits with the current sign
bit replicated in the leftmost bit. The Carry Flag contains the
last bit shifted out.
SBB - Subtract with Borrow
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBB AL,ib | 1C i0 | B | 2 | o—szap |
| SBB AX,iw | 1D i0 i1 | W | 3 | o—szap |
| SBB rb,rmb | 1A mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| SBB rw,rmw | 1B mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
| SBB rmb,ib | 80 /3 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | o—szap |
| SBB rmw,iw | 81 /3 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | o—szap |
| SBB rmw,ib | 83 /3 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | o—szap |
| SBB rmb,rb | 18 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| SBB rmw,rw | 19 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- SBB dest,src
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Subtracts the source from the destination, and subtracts 1 extra if
the Carry Flag is set. Results are returned in “dest”.
SCAS - Scan String (Byte, Word or Doubleword)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCASB | AE | B | 1 | o—szap |
| SCASW | AF | W | 1 | o—szap |
| SCASD [32bit] | 66| AF | D | 1+1 | o—szap |
-
SCAS string
SCASB
SCASW
SCASD nbsp; (386+ only)
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Compares value at ES:DI (even if operand is specified) from the
accumulator and sets the flags similar to a subtraction. DI is
incremented/decremented based on the instruction format (or
operand size) and the state of the Direction Flag. Use with REP
prefixes.
SETAE/SETNB - Set if Above or Equal / Set if Not Below (unsigned, 386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETAE rmb [386] | 0F 93 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETAE dest
SETNB dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Carry Flag is clear
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETAE/SETNB are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETB/SETNAE - Set if Below / Set if Not Above or Equal (unsigned, 386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETB rmb [386] | 0F 92 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETB dest
SETNAE dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Carry Flag is set
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETB/SETAE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETBE/SETNA - Set if Below or Equal / Set if Not Above (unsigned, 386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETBE rmb [386] | 0F 96 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETBE dest
SETNA dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Carry Flag or the Zero
Flag is set, otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETBE/SETNA are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETE/SETZ - Set if Equal / Set if Zero (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETZ rmb [386] | 0F 94 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETE dest
SETZ dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Zero Flag is set,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETE/SETZ are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETNE/SETNZ - Set if Not Equal / Set if Not Zero (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETNE rmb [386] | 0F 95 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETNE dest
SETNZ dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Zero Flag is clear,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETNE/SETNZ are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETL/SETNGE - Set if Less / Set if Not Greater or Equal (signed, 386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETL rmb [386] | 0F 9C mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETL dest
SETNGE dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Sign Flag is not equal
to the Overflow Flag, otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETL/SETNGE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETGE/SETNL - Set if Greater or Equal / Set if Not Less (signed, 386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETGE rmb [386] | 0F 9D mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETGE dest
SETNL dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Sign Flag equals the
Overflow Flag, otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETGE/SETNL are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETLE/SETNG - Set if Less or Equal / Set if Not greater or Equal (signed, 386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETLE rmb [386] | 0F 9E mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETLE dest
SETNG dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Zero Flag is set or the
Sign Flag is not equal to the Overflow Flag, otherwise sets the
operand to 0.
*) SETLE/SETNG are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETG/SETNLE - Set if Greater / Set if Not Less or Equal (signed, 386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETG rmb [386] | 0F 9F mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETG dest
SETNLE dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Zero Flag is clear or the
Sign Flag equals to the Overflow Flag, otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETG/SETNLE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETS - Set if Signed (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETS rmb [386] | 0F 98 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SETS dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Sign Flag is set, otherwise
sets the operand to 0.
SETNS - Set if Not Signed (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETNS rmb [386] | 0F 99 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SETNS dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Sign Flag is clear,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
SETC - Set if Carry (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETC rmb [386] | 0F 92 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SETC dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Carry Flag is set,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
SETNC - Set if Not Carry (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETNC rmb [386] | 0F 93 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SETNC dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Carry Flag is clear,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
SETO - Set if Overflow (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETO rmb [386] | 0F 90 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SETO dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Overflow Flag is set,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
SETNO - Set if Not Overflow (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETNO rmb [386] | 0F 91 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SETNO dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Overflow Flag is clear,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
SETP/SETPE - Set if Parity / Set if Parity Even (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETP rmb [386] | 0F 9A mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETP dest
SETPE dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Parity Flag is set,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETP/SETE are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SETNP/SETPO - Set if No Parity / Set if Parity Odd (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SETNP rmb [386] | 0F 9B mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
-
SETNP dest
SETPO dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the byte in the operand to 1 if the Parity Flag is clear,
otherwise sets the operand to 0.
*) SETNP/SETPO are different mnemonics for the same instruction
SGDT - Store Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SGDT m6 [286] | 0F 01 /0 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SGDT dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Stores the Global Descriptor Table (GDT) Register into the
specified operand.
SIDT - Store Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIDT m6 [286] | 0F 01 /1 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SIDT dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Stores the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) Register into the
specified operand.
SHR - Shift Logical Right
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHR rmb,1 | D0 /5 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHR rmb,CL | D2 /5 d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHR rmb,ib [186] | C0 /5 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | o——- |
| SHR rmw,1 | D1 /5 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHR rmw,CL | D3 /5 d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o——- |
| SHR rmw,ib [186] | C1 /5 d0 d1 i0 | W | 3~5 | o——- |
- SHR dest,count
- CF OF PF SF ZF (AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Shifts the destination right by “count” bits with zeroes shifted
in on the left. The Carry Flag contains the last bit shifted out.
SHLD/SHRD - Double Precision Shift (386+ only)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHLD rmw,rw,CL [386] | 0F A5 mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | o—szap | |
| SHLD rmw,rw,ib [386] | 0F A4 mr d0 d1 i0 | 4~6 | o—szap | |
| SHRD rmw,rw,CL [386] | 0F AD mr d0 d1 | 3~5 | o—szap | |
| SHRD rmw,rw,ib [386] | 0F AC mr d0 d1 i0 | 4~6 | o—szap |
-
SHLD dest,src,count
SHRD dest,src,count
- CF PF SF ZF (OF,AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
SHLD shifts “dest” to the left “count” times and the bit positions
opened are filled with the most significant bits of “src”. SHRD
shifts “dest” to the right “count” times and the bit positions
opened are filled with the least significant bits of the second
operand. Only the 5 lower bits of “count” are used.
SLDT - Store Local Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLDT mw [286] | 0F 00 /0 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SLDT dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Stores the Local Descriptor Table (LDT) Register into the
specified operand.
SMSW - Store Machine Status Word (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMSW rmw [286] | 0F 01 /4 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- SMSW dest
- none
Usage
Modifies flags
Store Machine Status Word (MSW) into “dest”.
STC - Set Carry
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STC | F9 | 1 | ——– |
- STC
- CF
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the Carry Flag to 1.
STD - Set Direction Flag
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STD | FD | 1 | -1—— |
- STD
- DF
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the Direction Flag to 1 causing string instructions to
auto-decrement SI and DI instead of auto-increment.
STI - Set Interrupt Flag (Enable Interrupts)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STI | FB | 1 | –1—– |
- STI
- IF
Usage
Modifies flags
Sets the Interrupt Flag to 1, enabling recognition of all CPU hardware interrupts.
STOS - Store String (Byte, Word or Doubleword)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STOSB | AA | B | 1 | ——– |
| STOSW | AB | W | 1 | ——– |
| STOSD [32bit] | 66| AB | D | 1+1 | ——– |
-
STOS dest
STOSB
STOSW
STOSD (386+ only)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Stores value in accumulator to location at ES:(E)DI (even if operand
is given). (E)DI is incremented/decremented based on the size of
the operand (or instruction format) and the state of the Direction
Flag. Use with REP prefixes.
STR - Store Task Register (286+ privileged)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STR rmw [286] | 0F 01 /1 d0 d1 | 3~5 | ——– |
- STR dest
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Stores the current Task Register to the specified operand.
SUB - Subtract
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUB AL,ib | 2C i0 | B | 2 | o—szap |
| SUB AX,iw | 2D i0 i1 | W | 3 | o—szap |
| SUB rb,rmb | 2A mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| SUB rw,rmw | 2B mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
| SUB rmb,ib | 80 /5 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | o—szap |
| SUB rmw,iw | 81 /5 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | o—szap |
| SUB rmw,ib | 83 /5 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | o—szap |
| SUB rmb,rb | 28 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | o—szap |
| SUB rmw,rw | 29 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | o—szap |
- SUB dest,src
- AF CF OF PF SF ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
The source is subtracted from the destination and the result is
stored in the destination.
TEST - Test For Bit Pattern
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEST AL,ib | A8 i0 | B | 2 | 0—szap |
| TEST AX,iw | A9 i0 i1 | W | 3 | 0—szap |
| TEST rmb,ib | F6 /0 d0 d1 i0 | B | 3~5 | 0—szap |
| TEST rmw,iw | F7 /0 d0 d1 i0 i1 | W | 4~6 | 0—szap |
| TEST rmb,rmb | 84 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | 0—szap |
| TEST rmw,rmw | 85 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | 0—szap |
- TEST dest,src
- CF OF PF SF ZF (AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Performs a logical AND of the two operands updating the flags
register without saving the result.
VERR - Verify Read (286+ protected)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VERR rmw [286] | 0F 00 /4 d0 d1 | 3~5 | —–z– |
- VERR src
- ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Verifies the specified segment selector is valid and is readable
at the current privilege level. If the segment is readable,
the Zero Flag is set, otherwise it is cleared.
VERW - Verify Write (286+ protected)
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VERW rmw [286] | 0F 00 /5 d0 d1 | 3~5 | —–z– |
- VERW src
- ZF
Usage
Modifies flags
Verifies the specified segment selector is valid and is ratable
at the current privilege level. If the segment is writable,
the Zero Flag is set, otherwise it is cleared.
WAIT/FWAIT - Event Wait
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WAIT | 9B | 1 | ——– |
-
WAIT
FWAIT
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
CPU enters wait state until the coprocessor signals it has finished
it’s operation. This instruction is used to prevent the CPU from
accessing memory that may be temporarily in use by the coprocessor.
WAIT and FWAIT are identical.
WBINVD - Write-Back and Invalidate Cache
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBINVD [486] | 0F 09 | 2 | ——– |
- WBINVD
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Flushes internal cache, then signals the external cache to write
back current data followed by a signal to flush the external cache.
XCHG - Exchange
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XCHG AX,CX | 91 | 1 | ——– | |
| XCHG AX,DX | 92 | 1 | ——– | |
| XCHG AX,BX | 93 | 1 | ——– | |
| XCHG AX,SP | 94 | 1 | ——– | |
| XCHG AX,BP | 95 | 1 | ——– | |
| XCHG AX,SI | 96 | 1 | ——– | |
| XCHG AX,DI | 97 | 1 | ——– | |
| XCHG rb,rmb | 86 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | ——– |
| XCHG rmb,rb | 86 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | ——– |
| XCHG rmw,rw | 87 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
| XCHG rw,rmw | 87 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | ——– |
- XCHG dest,src
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Exchanges contents of source and destination.
XLAT/XLATB - Translate
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XLAT | D7 | 1 | ——– |
-
XLAT translation-table
XLATB (masm 5.x)
- None
Usage
Modifies flags
Replaces the byte in AL with byte from a user table addressed by
BX. The original value of AL is the index into the translate table.
XOR - Exclusive OR
| mnemonics | op xx xx xx xx xx | sw | len | flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XOR AL,ib | 34 i0 | B | 2 | 0—szap |
| XOR AX,iw | 35 i0 i1 | W | 3 | 0—szap |
| XOR rb,rmb | 32 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | 0—szap |
| XOR rw,rmw | 33 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | 0—szap |
| XOR rmb,ib | 80 /6 d0 d1 i0 | NB | 3~5 | 0—szap |
| XOR rmw,iw | 81 /6 d0 d1 i0 i1 | NW | 4~6 | 0—szap |
| XOR rmw,ib | 83 /6 d0 d1 i0 | EW | 3~5 | 0—szap |
| XOR rmb,rb | 30 mr d0 d1 | B | 2~4 | 0—szap |
| XOR rmw,rw | 31 mr d0 d1 | W | 2~4 | 0—szap |
- XOR dest,src
- CF OF PF SF ZF (AF undefined)
Usage
Modifies flags
Performs a bitwise exclusive OR of the operands and returns
the result in the destination.
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