1、去年年底
select to_char(trunc(to_date('20180831','YYYYMMDD'),'YYYY')-1,'YYYYMMDD') from dual (20171231)
2、去年年初
select to_char(add_months(trunc(to_date('20180831','yyyymmdd'),'yyyy'),-12),'yyyymmdd') from dual(20170101)
3、今年年初
select to_char(trunc(to_date('20180831','YYYYMMDD'),'YYYY'),'YYYYMMDD') from dual
4、上月月底
select to_char(add_months(last_day(to_date('20180831','YYYYMMDD')),-1),'YYYYMMDD') from dual (20180731)
5、去年同期
select to_char(add_months(to_date('20180831','YYYYMMDD'),-12),'YYYYMMDD') from dual (20170831)