QTGraphicsViewFramework学习

1、简介

Graphics View是一个基于item的M-V架构的框架，“Qt Graphics View 提供了用于管理和交互大量定制的 2D 图形对象的平面以及可视化显示对象的视图 widget，并支持缩放和旋转功能。Graphics View 使用 BSP（二进制空间划分）树形可非常快速地找到对象，因此即使是包含百万个对象的大型场景，也能实时图形化显示。” M-V架构的意思是， Graphics View提供一个model和一个view。所谓model就是我们添加的种种对象，所谓view就是我们观察这些对象的视口。同一个model可以由很多view从不同的角度进行观察。

Graphics View提供了一个QGraphicsScene作为场景，即是我们添加图形的空间，相当于整个世界；一个QGraphicsView作为视口，也就是我们观察的窗口，相当于照相机的取景框，这个取景框可以覆盖整个场景，也可以是场景的一部分；一些QGraphicsItem作为图形元件，以便scene添加，Qt内置了很多图形，比如line、polygon等，都是继承自QGraphicsItem。

2、例子学习

#ifndef _GRAPHICSVIEW_FRAMEWORK_H_
#define _GRAPHICSVIEW_FRAMEWORK_H_
#pragma once

/**QGraphicsItem*/
class MyItem:public QGraphicsItem
{
friend class MyView;
public:
	MyItem();
	QRectF boundingRect() const;
	void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget /* = 0 */);

protected:
	void contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event);
protected:
	qreal course;
	qreal speed;
	short type;
	short attribute;
	QColor color;

};

class MyView:public QGraphicsView
{
	Q_OBJECT
public:
	MyView(QGraphicsScene* scene,QWidget* parent=0);
	QAction* actionStrike;
public slots:
	void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *);
};

class GraphicsViewFramework
{
public:
	static void SimulatedWar();
};
#endif//_GRAPHICSVIEW_FRAMEWORK_H_

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <cmath>
#include "GraphicsViewFramework.h"

MyItem::MyItem():speed(qrand()%10+1),type(qrand()%3),attribute(qrand()%3),course(qrand()%360)
{
	switch(attribute)
	{
	case 0:
		color.setRgb(255,0,0);
		break;
	case 1:
		color.setRgb(0,255,0);
		break;
	default:
		color.setRgb(0,0,255);
		break;
	}
}

QRectF MyItem::boundingRect() const
{
	qreal adjust = 0.5;
	return QRectF(-20-adjust,-22-adjust,40+adjust,83+adjust);
}

void MyItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget )
{
	QPen pen(color);
	pen.setWidth(2);
	painter->setPen(pen);
	switch(type)
	{
	case 0:
		painter->drawEllipse(-15,-15,30,30);
		break;
	case 1:
		painter->drawArc(-15,-15,30,30,180*16,180*16);
		break;
	default:
		painter->drawLine(-15,0,0,-15);
		painter->drawLine(0,-15,15,0);
		break;
	}
	painter->drawLine(0,0,int(speed*5*cos(course)),int(speed*5*sin(course)));
}

void MyItem::contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event)
{
	QMenu menu;
	menu.setWindowOpacity(0.8);
	QAction* removeAction = menu.addAction(QObject::tr("武器发射"));
	QAction* markAction = menu.addAction(QObject::tr("电子干扰"));
	QAction* selectedAction = menu.exec(event->screenPos());

}

MyView::MyView(QGraphicsScene* scene,QWidget* parent):QGraphicsView(scene,parent)
{
	startTimer(1000);
	actionStrike = new QAction(QObject::tr("发射武器"),this);
}

void MyView::timerEvent(QTimerEvent * event)
{
	QList<QGraphicsItem*> itemlist = items();
	QGraphicsItem* item;
	foreach(item,itemlist)
	{
		MyItem* target = (MyItem*)item;
		target->setPos(target->mapToParent(target->speed*cos(target->course),target->speed*sin(target->course)));
	}
}

void GraphicsViewFramework::SimulatedWar()
{
	qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime::currentTime()));
	QGraphicsScene scene;
	scene.setSceneRect(-400,-300,800,600);
	scene.setItemIndexMethod(QGraphicsScene::NoIndex);

	for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++)
	{
		MyItem* target = new MyItem();
		target->setPos(qrand()%800-400,qrand()%600-300);
		target->setVisible(true);
		scene.addItem(target);
	}

	MyView view(&scene);
	view.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
	view.setViewportUpdateMode(QGraphicsView::FullViewportUpdate);
	view.setBackgroundBrush(QColor(0,0,0));
	view.setCacheMode(QGraphicsView::CacheBackground);
	view.setDragMode(QGraphicsView::ScrollHandDrag);
	view.setWindowTitle(QObject::tr("海战模拟"));
	view.resize(800,600);
	view.show();
}

3、效果图