谭浩强版C++课本实例 第四章 运算符重载

//4.1通过函数来实现复数的相加（没用运算符的重载）

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Complex

{

public:

Complex(){real=0;imag=0;};

Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;};

Complex complex_add(Complex &c2);

void display();

private:

double real;

double imag;

};

Complex Complex::complex_add(Complex &c2)

{

Complex c;

c.real=real+c2.real;

c.imag=imag+c2.imag;

return c;

}

void Complex::display()

{

cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;

}

int main()

{

Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;

c3=c1.complex_add(c2);

cout<<"c1=";

c1.display();

cout<<"c2=";

c2.display();

cout<<"c1+c3=";

c3.display();

return 0;

}

//4.2改写4.1重载运算符“+”。使之能用于两个负数相加

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Complex

{

public:

Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}

Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}

Complex operator +(Complex &c2);   //重载“+”

void display();

private:

double real;

double imag;

};

Complex Complex::operator +(Complex &c2)

{

Complex c;

c.real=real+c2.real;

c.imag=imag+c2.imag;

return c;

}

void Complex::display()

{

cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;

}

int main()

{

Complex c1(2,4),c2(3,-12),c3;

c3=c1+c2;

cout<<"c1=";

c1.display();

cout<<"c2=";

c2.display();

cout<<"c1+c2=";

c3.display();

return 0;

}

//4.3将运算符“+”重载为适用于复数加法；重载函数不作为成员函数；而放在类外；作为complex类的友元函数

#include <iostream.h>//当使用友元函数的时候，visual c++6.0不能用标准的c++格式 要加.h 去掉using namespace std

//using namespace std;

class Complex

{

private:

double real;

double imag;

public:

Complex(){real =0;imag=0;}

Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}

friend Complex operator +(Complex &c1,Complex &c2);

void display();

};

Complex operator +(Complex &c1,Complex &c2)

{

return Complex(c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag);

}

void Complex::display()

{

cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;

}

int main()

{

Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;

c3=c1+c2;

cout<<"c1=";

c1.display();

cout<<"c2=";

c2.display();

cout<<"c1+c2=";

c3.display();

return 0;

}

//4.4定义一个字符串类string；用来存放不定长的字符串；

//重载运算符“==”；“<”;“>”用于两个字符串的等于、小于和大于的比较运算,注意友元函数的时候 开头<iostream.h>

//no.1 先建立一个string类

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class String 

{

public:

String(){p=NULL;}

String(char *str);

void display();

private:

char *p;

};

String ::String(char *str)

{

p=str;

}

void String::display()

{

cout<<p;

}

int main()

{

String string1("Hello"),string("Book");

string1.display();

cout<<endl;

string2.display();

return 0;

}

 

//no.2 先重载运算符“>”

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

class String

{

public:

String(){p=NULL;}

String(char *str);

friend bool operator >(String &string1,String &string2);

void display();

private:

char *p;

};

String ::String(char *str)

{

p=str;

}

void String::display()

{

cout<<p;

}

bool operator >(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if((strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)>0)

return true;

else 

return false;

}

int main()

{

String string1("Hello"),string2("Book");

cout<<(string1>string2)<<endl;

return 0;

}

//no.3扩展到对3个运算符重载

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

class String

{

public:

String(){p=NULL;}

String(char *str);

friend bool operator >(String &string1,String &string2);

friend bool operator <(String &string1,String &string2);

friend bool operator ==(String &string1,String &string2);

void display();

private:

char *p;

};

String ::String(char *str)

{

p=str;

}

void String::display()

{

cout<<p;

}

bool operator >(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if((strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)>0)

return true;

else 

return false;

}

bool operator <(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if((strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)<0)

return true;

else 

return false;

}

bool operator ==(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if((strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)==0)

return true;

else 

return false;

}

int main()

{

String string1("Hello"),string2("Book"),string("Computer");

cout<<(string1>string2)<<endl;

cout<<(string1<string3)<<endl;

cout<<(string1==string2)<<endl;

return 0;

}

//no.4最后的完善

#include <iostream.h>

#include <string>

class String

{

public:

String(){p=NULL;}

String(char *str);

friend bool operator >(String &string1,String &string2);

friend bool operator <(String &string1,String &string2);

friend bool operator ==(String &string1,String &string2);

void display();

private:

char * p;

};

String ::String(char *str)

{

p=str;

}

void String::display()

{

cout<<p;

}

bool operator >(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if(strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)>0)

return true;

else 

return false;

}

bool operator <(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if(strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)<0)

return true;

else 

return false;

}

bool operator ==(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if(strcmp(string1.p,string2.p)==0)

return true;

else 

return false;

}

void compare(String &string1,String &string2)

{

if(operator >(string1,string2)==1)

{

string1.display();

cout<<">";

string2.display();

}

else

if(operator <(string1,string2)==1)

{

string1.display();

cout<<"<";

string2.display();

}

else

if(operator ==(string1,string2)==1)

{

string1.display();

cout<<"==";

string2.display();

}

cout<<endl;

 

}

int main()

{

String string1("Hello"),string2("Book"),string3("Computer"),string4("Hello");

    compare(string1,string2);

compare(string2,string3);

compare(string1,string4);

return 0;

}

 

//4.5有一个Time类，包含数据成员minute（分）和sec（秒），模拟秒表，每次走一秒，满60秒进一分钟，此时秒又从0

//开始算，要求输出分和秒的值

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Time

{

public:

Time(){minute=0;sec=0;}

Time(int m,int s):minute(m),sec(s){}

Time operator++();

void display()

{

cout<<minute<<":"<<sec<<endl;

}

private:

int minute;

int sec;

};

Time Time::operator++()

{

if(++sec>=60)

{

sec-=60;

++minute;

}

return *this;

}

int main()

{

Time time1(34,0);

for(int i=0;i<61;i++)

{

++time1;

time1.display();

}

return 0;

}

 

//4.6在例4.5的基础上增加对后置自增运算符的重载

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Time

{

public:

Time(){minute=0;sec=0;}

Time(int m,int s):minute(m),sec(s){}

Time operator++();

Time operator++(int);//后置++

void display()

{

cout<<minute<<":"<<sec<<endl;

}

private:

int minute;

int sec;

};

Time Time::operator++()

{

if(++sec>=60)

{

sec-=60;

++minute;

}

return *this;

}

Time Time::operator++(int)//后置++

{

Time temp(*this);

sec++;

if(sec>=60)

{

sec-=60;

++minute;

}

return temp;

}

int main()

{

Time time1(34,59),time2;

cout<<"time1:";

time1.display();

++time1;

cout<<"++time1:";

time1.display();

time2=time1++;

cout<<"time1++";

time1.display();

cout<<"time2:";

time2.display();

return 0;

}

//4.7在4.2的基础上。用重载“<<”输出复数

#include <iostream.h>

class Complex

{

public:

Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}

Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}

Complex operator +(Complex &c2);

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,Complex&);

private:

double real;

double imag;

};

Complex Complex::operator +(Complex &c2)

{

Complex c;

c.real=real+c2.real;

c.imag=imag+c2.imag;

return c;

}

 

ostream & operator<<(ostream& output,Complex& c)

{

output<<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"i)"<<endl;

return output;

}

int main()

{

Complex c1(2,4),c2(6,10),c3;

c3=c1+c2;

cout<<c3;

return 0;

}

//4.8在4.7的基础上。增加重载流提取运算符“>>”，用“cin>>”输入复数；用“cout<<”

//输出复数

#include <iostream.h>

class Complex

{

public:

Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}

Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}

friend istream& operator>>(istream&,Complex&);

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,Complex&);

private:

double real;

double imag;

};

istream & operator>>(istream & input,Complex& c)

{

cout<<"inpyt real part and imaginary part of complex number:";

input>>c.real>>c.imag;

return input;

}

 

ostream & operator<<(ostream& output,Complex& c)

{

output<<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"i)"<<endl;

return output;

}

int main()

{

Complex c1,c2;

cin>>c1>>c2;

cout<<"c1="<<c1<<endl;

cout<<"c2="<<c2<<endl;

return 0;

}

//4.9使用类型转换函数的简单例子

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Complex

{

public:

Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}

Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}

operator double(){return real;}//类型转换函数，把类对象转化为double型数据

private:

double real;

double imag;

};

int main()

{

Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;

double d;

d=2.5+c1;//调用double() 函数

cout<<d<<endl;

return 0;

}

//4.10包含转换构造函数、运算符重载函数和类型转换函数的程序

#include <iostream.h>

class Complex

{

public:

Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}

Complex(double r){real=r;imag=0;}//有时带参数的默认函数可以当转换构造函数

Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}

friend Complex operator +(Complex c1,Complex c2);

void display();

private:

double real;

double imag;

};

Complex operator +(Complex c1,Complex c2)

{

return Complex(c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag);

}

void Complex::display()

{

cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;

}

int main()

{

Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;

c3=2.5+c1;

c3.display();

return 0;

}