hibernate单边的一对一关系

一对一关系用于保证数据库中的关系是一对一的，不允许出现一个表的两行记录共用另一个表中的同一个记录的情况。可以通过设置外键的唯一性约束或者利用主键本来的唯一性实现。

demo实例

该例程引用网络上可以查到的舰船关系实例。一个舰船上有若干个船员以及一个船长。舰船与船员是一对多关系，而与船长则是一对一关系，即一艘船可以有多个船员，但是只能有一个船长，一个船长只能管理一艘舰船。

1、建立java工程

2、导入hibernate和MySql相关类库。

  详见之前的博客hibernate单边一对多关系中的配置。

3、建立实体类

Ship为舰船的实体类，相关代码如下

将captain属性的unique属性设置为true，利用数据库的unique约束来保证一个船长不会被两艘船使用。

船员属性sailors是一对多，所以使用OneToMany配置，使用mappedBy="ship"制定具备配置在对方实体类的ship属性中。

package com.arvinfei.hibernate.bean;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "tb_ship")
public class Ship {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	private Integer id;

	private String name;

	@OneToOne(cascade = { CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.REFRESH })
	@JoinColumn(name = "captain_id", unique = true)
	private Sailor captain;

	@OneToMany(mappedBy = "ship", cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST)
	private Set<Sailor> sailors = new HashSet<Sailor>();

	public Sailor getCaptain() {
		return captain;
	}

	public void setCaptain(Sailor captain) {
		this.captain = captain;
	}

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Set<Sailor> getSailors() {
		return sailors;
	}

	public void setSailors(Set<Sailor> sailors) {
		this.sailors = sailors;
	}

}

salior为船员和船长的实体类，相关代码如下：

ship是多对一属性，使用ManyToOne配置，并使用JoinColumn配置外键。

package com.arvinfei.hibernate.bean;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "tb_sailor")
public class Sailor {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	private Integer id;

	private String name;

	@ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST)
	@JoinColumn(name = "ship_id")
	private Ship ship;

	@OneToOne(mappedBy = "captain")
	private Ship captainedShip;

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Ship getShip() {
		return ship;
	}

	public void setShip(Ship ship) {
		this.ship = ship;
	}

	public Ship getCaptainedShip() {
		return captainedShip;
	}

	public void setCaptainedShip(Ship catainedShip) {
		this.captainedShip = catainedShip;
	}

}

4、在hibernate的配置文件中添加实体类映射关系

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools.                   -->
<hibernate-configuration>

<session-factory>

	<property name="connection.driver_class">
		com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	</property>
	<property name="connection.url">
		jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/one2one?characterEncoding=UTF-8
	</property>
	<property name="connection.username">root</property>
	<property name="connection.password">admin</property>

	<property name="dialect">
		org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
	</property>

	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>

	<!-- 要加这一句  否则可能会遇到异常 -->
	<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
	<mapping class="com.arvinfei.hibernate.bean.Sailor" />
	<mapping class="com.arvinfei.hibernate.bean.Ship" />

</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

5、新建测试代码

package com.arvinfei.hibernate.test;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import com.arvinfei.hibernate.bean.Sailor;
import com.arvinfei.hibernate.bean.Ship;
import com.arvinfei.hibernate.util.HibernateSessionFactory;

public class One2One {

	@SuppressWarnings("all")
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

		Ship ship = new Ship();
		ship.setName("泰坦尼克");

		Sailor captain = new Sailor();
		captain.setName("史密斯");
		captain.setShip(ship);

		Sailor sailor = new Sailor();
		sailor.setName("杰克");
		sailor.setShip(ship);

		ship.setCaptain(captain);
		ship.getSailors().add(captain);
		ship.getSailors().add(sailor);

		Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
		session.beginTransaction();

		session.persist(ship);

		List<Sailor> list = session.createQuery(
				" select s from Sailor s where s.ship.name = :name ")
				.setParameter("name", "泰坦尼克").list();

		for (Sailor s : list) {
			System.out.println("水手：" + s.getName());
			System.out.println("舰船：" + s.getShip().getName());
			System.out.println("船长：" + s.getShip().getCaptain().getName());
			System.out.println("-----------------");
		}

		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}

}

6、修改HibernateSessionFactory

修改HibernateSessionFactory中的sessionFactory配置方式，默认为xml配置方式，demo中使用注解进行配置，所以需要进行简单修改。

7、运行测试

（1）、打开并连接到mysql数据库；

（2）、在mysql中创建Many2Many数据库

    create database one2one character set 'utf8';  

（3）、运行本测试工程，查看log输出。

8、源码下载

http://download.csdn.net/detail/yxtouch/9161227

附件中代码为双边的一对一关系，如果需要修改为单边的一对一关系请去掉博客http://blog.csdn.net/smilefyx/article/details/48951789中添加的代码即可。