Matlab 2015/2016 在Ubuntu15.04及以上系统启动奔溃的问题

简介：本文主要介绍Matlab2015/2016在Ubuntu15.04及以上版本启动启动过程的奔溃（crash）问题及解决方法，主要参考了MathWorks官网的Bug Report 。

1. 问题描述

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    在Ubuntu15.04及更新系统中安装了Matlab 2016a，成功激活后启动，遇到了启动奔溃（crash）问题，截图如下：

MATLAB crash file:/home/wjq/matlab_crash_dump.13999-1:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Segmentation violation detected at Sun Oct  2 20:58:15 2016
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Configuration:
  Crash Decoding      : Disabled
  Crash Mode          : continue (default)
  Current Graphics Driver: Unknown software 
  Current Visual      : 0x21 (class 4, depth 24)
  Default Encoding    : UTF-8
  GNU C Library       : 2.21 stable
  Host Name           : XXX
  MATLAB Architecture : glnxa64
  MATLAB Root         : /usr/local/programFiles/MATLAB/R2016a
  MATLAB Version      : 9.0.0.341360 (R2016a)
  OpenGL              : software
  Operating System    : Linux 4.2.0-42-generic #49-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 28 21:26:26 UTC 2016 x86_64
  Processor ID        : x86 Family 6 Model 94 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel
  Virtual Machine     : Java 1.7.0_60-b19 with Oracle Corporation Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM mixed mode
  Window System       : The X.Org Foundation (11702000), display :0

Fault Count: 1

Abnormal termination:
Segmentation violation

Register State (from fault):
  RAX = 0000000000000000  RBX = 00007f56311a6808
  RCX = 0000000000000000  RDX = 0000000000000003
  RSP = 00007f56d3ff8d10  RBP = 00007f56d3ff8e30
  RSI = 0000000000000000  RDI = 00007f56311a29e8

   R8 = 0000000000000018   R9 = 0000000000000000
  R10 = 00007f56311a2000  R11 = 00007f56311a7450
  R12 = 00007f56313c2f80  R13 = 0000000000000006
  R14 = 00007f56311a3cc0  R15 = 00007f564c6327e0

  RIP = 00007f56f27d78ca  EFL = 0000000000010206

   CS = 0033   FS = 0000   GS = 0000

Stack Trace (from fault):
[  0] 0x00007f56f27d78ca                        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2+00051402
[  1] 0x00007f56f27e04c1                        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2+00087233
[  2] 0x00007f56f27db474                        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2+00066676
[  3] 0x00007f56f27df9b3                        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2+00084403
[  4] 0x00007f56efbaafc9                   /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2+00004041
[  5] 0x00007f56f27db474                        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2+00066676
[  6] 0x00007f56efbab62d                   /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2+00005677
[  7] 0x00007f56efbab061                   /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2+00004193 dlopen+00000049
[  8] 0x00007f56ec3f60b6 /usr/local/programFiles/MATLAB/R2016a/bin/glnxa64/libut.so+00315574
[  9] 0x00007f56ec3f6c76 /usr/local/programFiles/MATLAB/R2016a/bin/glnxa64/libut.so+00318582 _Z11utGetModuleRKSbIDsSt11char_traitsIDsESaIDsEEPi+00000022

2. Bug原因

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    引起这种错误的原因是Ubuntu15.04及以上版本包含更新版本的libstdc++.so.6，而Matlab使用的是较旧版本（versioin 6.0.17）。当Matlab首先加载
/usr/local/MATLAB/R2016a/sys/os/glnxa64 中的libstdc++.so.6.0.17时，操作系统收到一个Matlab引起的不兼容错误（incompatibility），从而引发启动奔溃（crash）。

3.修正方法

    可以强制使Matlab加载由操作系统提供的更新版的libstdc++库，通过以下三个操作完成：
1. 定位Matlab的安装目录，默认是/usr/local/MATLAB/R2016a ;
2. 进入sys/os/glnxa6 目录
             $ cd /usr/local/programFiles/MATLAB/R2016a/sys/os/glnxa64 ；
3. 重命名libstdc++.so.6 共享库为 libstdc++.so.6.bak
             # mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.bak

    MathWorks官方只对libstdc++.so.6(version 20)做了有限的测试。目前，这个Bug已经在R2016b(9.1)中修复。

Reference

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MathWorks.Bug Reports.MATLAB crashes during startup on Ubuntu 15.04 and newer
https://www.mathworks.com/support/bugreports/1297894