Hibernate一级缓存-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/speed_pig/article/details/73292443

一、一级缓存

一级缓存也称为session缓存，默认总是开启的，生命周期与session相同，使用一级缓存可以减少与数据库的交互，提高数据库访问性能；一级缓存只能作用于当前session，其他的session无法使用。

二、原理

一级缓存采用的是Key-Value的MAP方式来实现的。在缓存实体对象时，对象的主关键字ID是MAP的Key，实体对象就是对象的值。所以说一级缓存是以实体对象为单位进行存储的。访问的时候使用的是主键关键字ID。一级缓存使用的是自动维护的功能。但可以通过session提供的手动方法对一级缓存的管理进行手动干预。
evict：用于将某个对象从Session的一级缓存中清除。
clear：用于将一级缓存中的所有对象清除。

*以下测试针对各种方法对一级缓存的存取情况

get方式支持一级缓存

@Test
public void testLoad(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        TBook book = (TBook)session.load(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book.getBName());

        book = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book.getBName());

        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: 
    select
        tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_,
        tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ 
    from
        admindb.t_book tbook0_ 
    where
        tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：红楼梦
图书名称：红楼梦
book1 == book2 ? :true

load方式支持一级缓存

@Test
public void testLoad(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        TBook book1 = (TBook)session.load(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book1.getBName());

        TBook book2 = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book2.getBName());

        System.out.println(book1==book2);
        tran.commit();
    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: 
    select
        tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_,
        tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ 
    from
        admindb.t_book tbook0_ 
    where
        tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：红楼梦
图书名称：红楼梦
true

get()和load()缓存可以通用

@Test
public void testGetLoad(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        TBook book1 = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book1.getBName());

        TBook book2 = (TBook)session.load(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book2.getBName());

        System.out.println(book1==book2);
        tran.commit();
    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: 
    select
        tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_,
        tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ 
    from
        admindb.t_book tbook0_ 
    where
        tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：红楼梦
图书名称：红楼梦
true

session关闭后，需重新打开，查询发出两条sql(缓存的生命周期与session相同)

@Test
public void testCloseSession(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        //发送一条sql
        TBook book = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book.getBName());
        session.close();
        //需要重新打开
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        //发送一条sql
        book = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book.getBName());

        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: 
    select
        tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_,
        tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ 
    from
        admindb.t_book tbook0_ 
    where
        tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：红楼梦
Hibernate: 
    select
        tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_,
        tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_,
        tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ 
    from
        admindb.t_book tbook0_ 
    where
        tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：红楼梦

list()对于缓存是只存不取

@Test
public void testList1(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        List<TBook> list = session.createQuery("from TBook").list();
        for(TBook book : list){
            System.out.println(book.getBName());
        }

        System.out.println("---------------------");
        //session.close();
        list = session.createQuery("from TBook").list();
        for(TBook book : list){
            System.out.println(book.getBName());
        }

        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_
红楼梦
资治通鉴
射雕英雄传
百年孤独
傲慢与偏见
---------------------
Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_
红楼梦
资治通鉴
射雕英雄传
百年孤独
傲慢与偏见

uniqueResult()对于缓存也是只存不取

@Test
public void testList2(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        List<TBook> list = session.createQuery("from TBook").list();
        for(TBook book : list){
            System.out.println(book.getBName());
        }

        System.out.println("---------------------");
        //会再次发送sql
        Object b = session.createQuery("select BName from TBook where id =:id")
                .setInteger("id",1).uniqueResult();
        System.out.println(b);

        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_
红楼梦
资治通鉴
射雕英雄传
百年孤独
傲慢与偏见
---------------------
Hibernate: select tbook0_.b_name as col_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
红楼梦

@Test
public void test1(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        Object b = session.createQuery("from TBook where id =:id")
                .setInteger("id",1).uniqueResult();
        System.out.println(b);

        System.out.println("---------------------");


        TBook book = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println(book.getBName());

        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
TBook [id=1, author=曹雪芹, BName=红楼梦, BPrice=60, pubDate=2017-06-15 15:19:19.0]
---------------------
红楼梦

查询部分属性(uniqueResult())

@Test
public void test2(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        Object b = session.createQuery("select BName,BPrice from TBook where id =:id")
                .setInteger("id",1).uniqueResult();
        System.out.println(b);

        System.out.println("---------------------");
        //再次发送一条sql
        TBook book = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println(book.getBName());
        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: select tbook0_.b_name as col_0_0_, tbook0_.b_price as col_1_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
[Ljava.lang.Object;@7347bcf4
---------------------
Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
红楼梦

Iterate

@Test
public void test3(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        Iterator<TBook> b = session.createQuery("from TBook").iterate();
        if(b.hasNext()){
            System.out.println("图书名称："+b.next().getBName());
        }

        System.out.println("---------------------");

        TBook book = (TBook)session.get(TBook.class,1);
        System.out.println("图书名称："+book.getBName());
        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as col_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_
Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：红楼梦
---------------------
图书名称：红楼梦

@Test
public void test4(){
    Session session = null;
    Transaction tran = null;
    try{
        session = SessionUtil.getSession();
        tran = session.beginTransaction();
        Iterator<TBook> book = session.createQuery("from TBook").iterate();
        if(book.hasNext()){
            System.out.println("图书名称："+book.next().getBName());
        }
        if(book.hasNext()){
            System.out.println("图书名称："+book.next().getBName());
        }
        System.out.println("---------------------");

        Iterator<TBook> b = session.createQuery("from TBook").iterate();
        if(b.hasNext()){
            System.out.println("图书名称："+b.next().getBName());
        }
        if(b.hasNext()){
            System.out.println("图书名称："+b.next().getBName());
        }
        if(b.hasNext()){
            System.out.println("图书名称："+b.next().getBName());
        }

        tran.commit();

    }catch(Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
        SessionUtil.close(session);
    }
}

结果：

Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as col_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_
Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：红楼梦
Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：资治通鉴
---------------------
Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as col_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_
图书名称：红楼梦
图书名称：资治通鉴
Hibernate: select tbook0_.id as id1_0_0_, tbook0_.author as author2_0_0_, tbook0_.b_name as b_name3_0_0_, tbook0_.b_price as b_price4_0_0_, tbook0_.pubDate as pubDate5_0_0_ from admindb.t_book tbook0_ where tbook0_.id=?
图书名称：射雕英雄传

二、总结

1、一级缓存是session级别的缓存，生命周期与session相同，session销毁，它也销毁，管理一级缓存，用两个方法：clear()、evict()。

2、两个session不能共享一级缓存，因为它伴随着session的创建与销毁。

3、session缓存是实体级别的，只有在查询对象级别的时候才使用，如果使用Hql或者Sql查询属性级别的，是不能够使用一级缓存的。

4、Iterate查询使用缓存，会发出查询id的sql和hql语句，当使用Iterate的时候，首先就会发出查询id的sql，如果缓存中存在要查询的实体，则直接从缓存中进行取，如果不存在，从数据库中查询，发出一条根据id查询实体的sql，然后将查询的实体放入缓存中，这也就是为什么Iterate会产生N+1查询问题。

5、session的生命周期往往很短，所以存在于session中一级缓存的生命周期也很短，也就意味着，一级缓存的命中率是很低的，对于系统性能的改善也是有限的，当然这个Session内部缓存的主要作用是保持Session内部数据状态同步。并非是hibernate为了大幅提高系统性能所提供的。要想提高系统的性能，我们还是要合理的使用延迟加载，二级缓存等策略。