Debian 下安装 Samba 服务器

  

Debian 下安装 Samba 服务器

Samba 服务器是 Linux 平台上的 Windows 文件服务器和打印服务器，可供 Windows 用户或 Linux 用户共同使用，是 Linux 与 Windows 之间信息沟通的桥梁。安装命令如下：

debian~:# apt-get install samba smbclient

samba 是服务器软件包， smbclient 是客户端软件包，可选安装。 Samba 服务器的配置文件叫 smb.conf，位于 /etc/samba/目录下。在 /usr/share/samba/ 目录下也有一个 smb.conf 文件备份，如果你在配置服务器时把 /etc/samba/smb.conf 改乱了，就可以用该文件来恢复到初始状态。启动脚本位于 /etc/init.d/ 目录下，叫 samba，如果修改了 smb.conf 配置文件，可用 samba restart 命令重启 Samba 服务器。

/etc/default/samba 文件可设置 samba 服务器的启动方式，是 daemons 还是 inetd，默认的设置是采用daemons 方式的：

# Defaults for samba initscript

# sourced by /etc/init.d/samba

# installed at /etc/default/samba by the maintainer scripts

#

 

#

# This is a POSIX shell fragment

#

 

# How should Samba (smbd) run? Possible values are "daemons"

#       or "inetd".

RUN_MODE="daemons"

关闭服务器可用 smbcontrol 这个程序。命令格式如下：

debian~:# smbcontrol smbd shutdown

为使 Samba 服务器正常使用，还需作一些设置。

在系统中创建 test 用户

debian~:# useradd -m test

增加 samba 用户

debian~:# smbpasswd -a test

samba 的用户名必须与 Linux 系统的用户名一致，但密码可以不同。用户登录 Sabma 服务器时的密码是使用 sabpasswd 程序设置的密码。修改 /etc/samba/smb.conf文件，把安全级别设置成用户级。这样，连接 Samba 服务器的每个用户都需提供用户名和密码。我们还要启用加密密码功能，这样 NT 以上的系统才能正常连接 Samba 服务器。下面是一个配置文件示例。

#

# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.

#

#

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the

# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed

# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which

# are not shown in this example

#

# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)

# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #

# for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you

# may wish to enable

#

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command

# "testparm" to check that you have not many any basic syntactic

# errors.

#

 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

 

[global]

 

## Browsing/Identification ###

 

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of

   workgroup = DEBIAN_FANS

 

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

   server string = %h server (Samba %v)

 

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server

;   wins support = no

 

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both

;   wins server = w.x.y.z

 

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.

   dns proxy = no

 

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names

# to IP addresses

;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

 

 

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

 

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine

# that connects

   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

 

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).

   max log size = 1000

 

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following

# parameter to 'yes'.

;   syslog only = no

 

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything

# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log

# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.

   syslog = 0

 

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace

  panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

 

 

####### Authentication #######

 

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account

# in this server for every user accessing the server. See

# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/ServerType.html in the samba-doc

# package for details.

   security = user

 

# You may wish to use password encryption. See the section on

# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.

   encrypt passwords = yes

 

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what

# password database type you are using.

   passdb backend = tdbsam guest

 

   obey pam restrictions = yes

 

;   guest account = nobody

   invalid users = root

 

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix

# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the

# passdb is changed.

;   unix password sync = no

 

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following

# parameters must be set (thanks to Augustin Luton <aluton@hybrigenics.fr> for

# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Potato).

   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u

   passwd chat = *Enter/snew/sUNIX/spassword:* %n/n *Retype/snew/sUNIX/spassword:* %n/n .

 

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes

# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in

# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.

;   pam password change = no

 

 

########## Printing ##########

 

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather

# than setting them up individually then you'll need this

;   load printers = yes

 

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the

# printcap file

;   printing = bsd

;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

 

# CUPS printing. See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the

# cupsys-client package.

;   printing = cups

;   printcap name = cups

 

# When using [print$], root is implicitly a 'printer admin', but you can

# also give this right to other users to add drivers and set printer

# properties

;   printer admin = @ntadmin

 

 

######## File sharing ########

 

# Name mangling options

;   preserve case = yes

;   short preserve case = yes

 

 

############ Misc ############

 

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name

# of the machine that is connecting

;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

 

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.

# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/speed.html

# for details

# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:

#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

 

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package

# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are

# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.

;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

 

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this

# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you

# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.

;   domain master = auto

 

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges

# for something else.)

;   idmap uid = 10000-20000

;   idmap gid = 10000-20000

;   template shell = /bin/bash

 

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

 

[homes]

   comment = Home Directories

   browseable = yes

 

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next

# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.

   writable = no

 

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   create mask = 0700

 

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   directory mask = 0700

 

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

;[netlogon]

;   comment = Network Logon Service

;   path = /home/samba/netlogon

;   guest ok = yes

;   writable = no

;   share modes = no

 

[printers]

   comment = All Printers

   browseable = no

   path = /tmp

   printable = yes

   public = no

   writable = no

   create mode = 0700

 

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable

# printer drivers

[print$]

   comment = Printer Drivers

   path = /var/lib/samba/printers

   browseable = yes

   read only = yes

   guest ok = no

# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.

# Replace 'ntadmin' with the name of the group your admin users are

# members of.

;   write list = root, @ntadmin

 

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.

;[cdrom]

;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM

;   writable = no

;   locking = no

;   path = /cdrom

;   public = yes

 

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the

#       cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain

#       an entry like this:

#

#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0

#

# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the

#

# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD

#       is mounted on /cdrom

#

;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom

;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

 

[d]

writable = yes

path = /mnt/hda5

valid users = root         # 指定有效用户，只有 root 用户能访问该共享目录。

create mask = 0660

directory mask = 0770

这样，最基本的 Samba 服务器就设置好了，在 Windows 上就可用 test 用户名访问 Samba 服务器上的/home/test目录了。我们还设置了一个共享目录 d，指向本机的 /mnt/hda5 目录。该共享只能由 root 用户访问。当然，同 test 用户一样，在连接前要先用 smbpasswd -a root 命令创建叫 root 的 samba 用户。在 Linux 下我们可以用 smbclient //samba_server/sharename 命令访问 samba 服务器共享目录。