Forrest 2015年第三季度内存数据库分析报告

Forrester于2015年Q3发布了最新的内存数据库平台分析报告,SAP网站有PDF版本可以下载。

概述

内存数据库的需求源于对实时(real time)的需求,无论是实时分析还是实时交易处理。传统的先存盘然后再集成用于分析的做法已不适用。

Forrester对于内存数据库的定义是:

A database technology that stores all or partial data in memory on either a single or distributed server to support transactional, operational, and/or analytical workloads.

这样看来,Oracle DB 12c的In-Memory DB Option也可包含在内。不知为何没有Spark,似乎归到内存平台而非内存数据库一类了。

内存计算常用场景

最常用的内存计算的场景包括:
* 需要fast data的大数据应用
Hadoop平台用于批处理,不够实时,需要结合内存计算如Spark快速处理数据。例如电网的实时监控。
* 需要集成数据的移动应用
如手机的实时状态仪表板(dashboard)
* 实时业务应用
如stock trading, fraud detection, counterterrorism(反恐), patient health monitoring, machine analysis, or earthquake monitoring.
* 为提升用户体验的用户实时分析
如零售商和电商实时分析用户数据,了解用户的喜好,购买历史,好友圈,购买模式等以促进销售(upsell和cross-sell)
* 提高运营效率的IoT应用
通过传感器,流式数据,机器学习,内存计算,实时跟踪制造机器的状态,提前发现故障,及时维修

内存数据库分类

内存数据库可以分为两类:
1. 传统数据库厂商扩展平台以支持内存计算
Oracle, SAP, IBM, Microsoft都属于这一类,其中Oracle的DB 12c In-Memory为典型的扩展模式。
2. 纯内存数据库厂商,提供极限的性能和可扩展性
如VoltDB, MemSQL

这次评价包括涵盖了11个厂商:Aerospike, DataStax, IBM, Kognitio, MemSQL, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, Starcounter, Teradata, VoltDB
这些只是典型代表,未必全面,例如Redis就不在内

内存数据库评价标准

评价的标准中最重要的两条是:
1. 企业级特性:
* 支持高可用,安全,性能,可扩展,和管理
* 支持持久化
* 数据完整性和一致性
* 支持数据集成:如数据导入导出,数据质量,归档
* 支持并行访问,交易,报表分析
* 可部署在用户私有环境或云
* 访问接口支持SQL, ODBC/JDBC, XML, REST.(Redis不支持SQL)

  1. 标准特性:
    不绑定特定的应用如ERP或中间件平台,产品支持部署在独立的平台。
    这样VMware的GemFire和Oracle的Coherence就排除在外

魔力象限

一点疑问和感慨,SAP的HANA用户真多。一个产品就超过了Oracle的TimesTen和DBIM

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My first acquaintance with High load systems was at the beginning of 2007, and I started working on a real-world project since 2009. From that moment, I spent most of my office time with Cassandra, Hadoop, and numerous CEP tools. Our first Hadoop project (the year 2011-2012) with a cluster of 54 nodes often disappointed me with its long startup time. I have never been satisfied with the performance of our applications and was always looking for something new to boost the performance of our information systems. During this time, I have tried HazelCast, Ehcache, Oracle Coherence as in-memory caches to gain the performance of the applications. I was usually disappointed from the complexity of using these libraries or from their functional limitations. When I first encountered Apache Ignite, I was amazed! It was the platform that I’d been waiting on for a long time: a simple spring based framework with a lot of awesome features such as DataBase caching, Big data acceleration, Streaming and compute/service grids. In 2015, I had participated in Russian HighLoad++ conference1 with my presentation and started blogging in Dzone/JavaCodeGeeks and in my personal blog2 about developing High-load systems. They became popular shortly, and I received a lot of feedback from the readers. Through them, I clarified the idea behind the book. The goal of the book was to provide a guide for those who really need to implement an in-memory platform in their projects. At the same time, the idea behind the book is not writing a manual. Although the Apache Ignite platform is very big and growing day by day, we concentrate only on the features of the platform (from our point of view) that can really help to improve the performance of the applications. We hope that High-performance in-memory computing with Apache Ignite will be the go-to guide for architects and developers: both new and at an intermediate level, to get up and to develop with as little friction as possible.

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