MongoDB 索引

1. ensureIndex添加索引 
ensureIndex 函数帮助文档 
db.blog.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options is an object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDups 
name：指定索引名称 
unique：是否唯一索引 
dropDups：是否删除重复 
创建索引的缺点：每次插入、更新、删除时都会产生额外的开销，要尽可能少创建索引。每个集合默认的最大索引个数为64个。 
如果没有对应的键，索引会将其作为null存储，所以，如果对某个建立了唯一索引，但插入了多个缺少该索引键的文档，则由于文档包含null值而导致插入失败。 
例子 
> db.users.find() 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0c9387a7fee4eb6bfa9"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : 23, "sex" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0e5387a7fee4eb6bfaa"), "name" : "bbb", "age" : 25, "sex" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0f4387a7fee4eb6bfab"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 25, "sex" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d100387a7fee4eb6bfac"), "name" : "ddd", "age" : 25, "sex" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d110387a7fee4eb6bfad"), "name" : "eee", "age" : 23, "sex" : "male" } 
> db.users.ensureIndex({"name":1,"age":-1},{"name":"userIndex"}) 
//1，-1代表索引方向 
//查找索引 
> db.system.indexes.find() 
{ "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "v" : 0 } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d1d0387a7fee4eb6bfb1"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1, "age" : -1 }, "name" : "userIndex", "v" : 0 } 

2. explain()监控索引使用情况 
> db.users.find({"name":"qff","age":23}).explain() 
{ 
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor userIndex",//没有使用索引时为BasicCursor,索引存储在B树结构中，所以使用查询时候会使用BtreeCursor类型的游标，userIndex为使用索引的名称 
        "nscanned" : 1,//查找了多少个文档 
        "nscannedObjects" : 1, 
        "n" : 1,//返回文档的数量 
        "millis" : 50,//数据库执行查询时间 
        "nYields" : 0, 
        "nChunkSkips" : 0, 
        "isMultiKey" : false, 
        "indexOnly" : false, 
        "indexBounds" : { 
                "name" : [ 
                        [ 
                                "qff", 
                                "qff" 
                        ] 
                ], 
                "age" : [ 
                        [ 
                                23, 
                                23 
                        ] 
                ] 
        } 
} 

3. hint强制使用某个索引 
> db.users.find({"age":23,"name":/.*/}).hint({"name":1,"age":-1}) 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d110387a7fee4eb6bfad"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : 23, "sex 
" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d121387a7fee4eb6bfaf"), "name" : "bbb", "age" : 23, "se 
x" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d11b387a7fee4eb6bfae"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 23, "sex 
" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d12b387a7fee4eb6bfb0"), "name" : "ddd", "age" : 23, "se 
x" : "male" } 
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0c9387a7fee4eb6bfa9"), "name" : "eee", "age" : 23, " 
sex" : "male" } 
MongoDB的查询优化器非常智能，会替你选择该用哪个索引，多数情况下不需要指定的。 

参考推荐：

Create a Unique Index（官方文档）

MongoDB 索引

MongoDB基本管理命令

MongoDB 常用命令

MongoDB 基本操作