android4.0 suspend/resume的流程

跟休眠唤醒相关的文件:

linux_source/kernel/power/main.c
linux_source/kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
linux_source/kernel/power/wakelock.c
linux_source/kernel/power/suspend.c
linux_source/kernel/power/power.h
linux_source/kernel/power/process.c
linux_source/drivers/base/power/main.c
linux_source/arch/arm/plat-samsung/pm.c

android\hardware\libhardware_legacy\power\power.c
android\frameworks\base\core\jni\android_os_Power.cpp
android\frameworks\base\core\java\android\os\Power.java
android\frameworks\base\core\java\android\os\PowerManager.java
android\frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server\PowerManagerService.java
android\frameworks\base\policy\src\com\android\internal\policy\impl\PhoneWindowManager.java

Android 休眠过程
当用户读写/sys/power/state时，linux_source/kernel/power/main.c中的state_store()函数会被调用。其中，android的early_suspend会执行request_suspend_state(state); 而标准的linux休眠则执行error = enter_state(state)

linux_source/kernel/power/main.c
static ssize_t state_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
			   const char *buf, size_t n)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
	suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_ON;
#else
	suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_STANDBY;
#endif
	const char * const *s;
#endif
	char *p;
	int len;
	int error = -EINVAL;

	p = memchr(buf, '\n', n);
	len = p ? p - buf : n;

	/* First, check if we are requested to hibernate */
	if (len == 4 && !strncmp(buf, "disk", len)) {
		error = hibernate();
  goto Exit;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
	for (s = &pm_states[state]; state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX; s++, state++) {
		if (*s && len == strlen(*s) && !strncmp(buf, *s, len))
			break;
	}
	if (state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX && *s)
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
		if (state == PM_SUSPEND_ON || valid_state(state)) {
			error = 0;
			request_suspend_state(state);
		}
#else
		error = enter_state(state);
#endif
#endif

 Exit:
	return error ? error : n;
}

在request_suspend_state(state)函数中，会调用early_suspend_work的工作队列，从而进入early_suspend()函数中

linux_source/kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
static DECLARE_WORK(early_suspend_work, early_suspend);
void request_suspend_state(suspend_state_t new_state)
{
	unsigned long irqflags;
	int old_sleep;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
	old_sleep = state & SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_USER_STATE) {
		struct timespec ts;
		struct rtc_time tm;
		getnstimeofday(&ts);
		rtc_time_to_tm(ts.tv_sec, &tm);
		pr_info("request_suspend_state: %s (%d->%d) at %lld "
			"(%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%09lu UTC)\n",
			new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON ? "sleep" : "wakeup",
			requested_suspend_state, new_state,
			ktime_to_ns(ktime_get()),
			tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
			tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
	}
	if (!old_sleep && new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON) {
		state |= SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
		queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &early_suspend_work);
	} else if (old_sleep && new_state == PM_SUSPEND_ON) {
		state &= ~SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
		wake_lock(&main_wake_lock);
		queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &late_resume_work);
	}
	requested_suspend_state = new_state;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}

在early_suspend()函数中，首先要判断当前请求的状态是否还是suspend，若不是，则直接退出了；若是，函数会调用已经注册的early_suspend的函数，然后同步文件系统，最后释放main_wake_lock。

linux_source/kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
static void early_suspend(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct early_suspend *pos;
	unsigned long irqflags;
	int abort = 0;

	mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
	spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
	if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED)
		state |= SUSPENDED;
	else
		abort = 1;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);

	if (abort) {
		if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
			pr_info("early_suspend: abort, state %d\n", state);
		mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
		goto abort;
	}

	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
		pr_info("early_suspend: call handlers\n");
	list_for_each_entry(pos, &early_suspend_handlers, link) {
		if (pos->suspend != NULL) {
			if (debug_mask & DEBUG_VERBOSE)
				pr_info("early_suspend: calling %pf\n", pos->suspend);
			pos->suspend(pos);
		}
	}
	mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);

	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
		pr_info("early_suspend: sync\n");

	sys_sync();
abort:
	spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
	if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED)
		wake_unlock(&main_wake_lock);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}

 

在wake_unlock()中，删除链表中wake_lock节点，判断当前是否存在wake_lock，若wake_lock的数目为0，则调用工作队列suspend_work，进入suspend状态。

linux_source/kernel/power/wakelock.c
static DECLARE_WORK(suspend_work, suspend);
void wake_unlock(struct wake_lock *lock)
{
	int type;
	unsigned long irqflags;
	spin_lock_irqsave(&list_lock, irqflags);
	type = lock->flags & WAKE_LOCK_TYPE_MASK;
#ifdef CONFIG_WAKELOCK_STAT
	wake_unlock_stat_locked(lock, 0);
#endif
	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_WAKE_LOCK)
		pr_info("wake_unlock: %s\n", lock->name);
	lock->flags &= ~(WAKE_LOCK_ACTIVE | WAKE_LOCK_AUTO_EXPIRE);
	list_del(&lock->link);
	list_add(&lock->link, &inactive_locks);
	if (type == WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND) {
		long has_lock = has_wake_lock_locked(type);
		if (has_lock > 0) {
			if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXPIRE)
				pr_info("wake_unlock: %s, start expire timer, "
					"%ld\n", lock->name, has_lock);
			mod_timer(&expire_timer, jiffies + has_lock);
		} else {
			if (del_timer(&expire_timer))
				if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXPIRE)
					pr_info("wake_unlock: %s, stop expire "
						"timer\n", lock->name);
			if (has_lock == 0){
				queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &suspend_work);
			}
		}
		if (lock == &main_wake_lock) {
			if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
				print_active_locks(WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND);
#ifdef CONFIG_WAKELOCK_STAT
			update_sleep_wait_stats_locked(0);
#endif
		}
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list_lock, irqflags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wake_unlock);

 

在suspend()函数中，先判断当前是否有wake_lock，若有，则退出；然后同步文件系统，最后调用pm_suspend()函数。

linux_source/kernel/power/wakelock.c
static void suspend(struct work_struct *work)
{
	int ret;
	int entry_event_num;
	struct timespec ts_entry, ts_exit;

	if (has_wake_lock(WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND)) {
		if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
			pr_info("suspend: abort suspend\n");
		return;
	}

	entry_event_num = current_event_num;
	sys_sync();
	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
		pr_info("suspend: enter suspend\n");
	getnstimeofday(&ts_entry);
	ret = pm_suspend(requested_suspend_state);
	getnstimeofday(&ts_exit);

	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXIT_SUSPEND) {
		struct rtc_time tm;
		rtc_time_to_tm(ts_exit.tv_sec, &tm);
		pr_info("suspend: exit suspend, ret = %d "
			"(%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%09lu UTC)\n", ret,
			tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
			tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, ts_exit.tv_nsec);
	}

	if (ts_exit.tv_sec - ts_entry.tv_sec <= 1) {
		++suspend_short_count;

		if (suspend_short_count == SUSPEND_BACKOFF_THRESHOLD) {
			suspend_backoff();
			suspend_short_count = 0;
		}
	} else {
		suspend_short_count = 0;
	}

	if (current_event_num == entry_event_num) {
		if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
			pr_info("suspend: pm_suspend returned with no event\n");
		wake_lock_timeout(&unknown_wakeup, HZ / 2);
	}
}
static DECLARE_WORK(suspend_work, suspend); //stone tag

在pm_suspend()函数中，enter_state()函数被调用，从而进入标准linux休眠过程。

linux_source/kernel/power/suspend.c
/**
 *	pm_suspend - Externally visible function for suspending system.
 *	@state:		Enumerated value of state to enter.
 *
 *	Determine whether or not value is within range, get state
 *	structure, and enter (above).
 */
int pm_suspend(suspend_state_t state)
{
	if (state > PM_SUSPEND_ON && state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX){
		return enter_state(state);
	}
	return -EINVAL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pm_suspend);

在enter_state()函数中，首先检查一些状态参数，再同步文件系统，然后调用suspend_prepare()来冻结进程，最后调用suspend_devices_and_enter()让外设进入休眠。

linux_source/kernel/power/suspend.c
/**
 *	enter_state - Do common work of entering low-power state.
 *	@state:		pm_state structure for state we're entering.
 *
 *	Make sure we're the only ones trying to enter a sleep state. Fail
 *	if someone has beat us to it, since we don't want anything weird to
 *	happen when we wake up.
 *	Then, do the setup for suspend, enter the state, and cleaup (after
 *	we've woken up).
 */
int enter_state(suspend_state_t state)
{
	int error;

	if (!valid_state(state))
		return -ENODEV;

	if (!mutex_trylock(&pm_mutex))
		return -EBUSY;

	printk(KERN_INFO "PM: Syncing filesystems ... ");
	sys_sync();
	printk("done.\n");

	pr_debug("PM: Preparing system for %s sleep\n", pm_states[state]);
	error = suspend_prepare(); 
	if (error)
		goto Unlock;

	if (suspend_test(TEST_FREEZER))
		goto Finish;

	pr_debug("PM: Entering %s sleep\n", pm_states[state]);
	pm_restrict_gfp_mask();
	error = suspend_devices_and_enter(state);
	pm_restore_gfp_mask();

 Finish:
	pr_debug("PM: Finishing wakeup.\n");
	suspend_finish();
 Unlock:
	mutex_unlock(&pm_mutex);
	return error;
}

在suspend_prepare()函数中，先通过pm_prepare_console();给suspend分配一个虚拟终端来输出信息，再广播一个系统进入suspend的通报，关闭用户态的helper进程，然后调用suspend_freeze_processes()来冻结进程，最后会尝试释放一些内存。

linux_source/kernel/power/suspend.c
/**
 *	suspend_prepare - Do prep work before entering low-power state.
 *
 *	This is common code that is called for each state that we're entering.
 *	Run suspend notifiers, allocate a console and stop all processes.
 */
static int suspend_prepare(void)
{
	int error;

	if (!suspend_ops || !suspend_ops->enter)
		return -EPERM;

	pm_prepare_console();

	error = pm_notifier_call_chain(PM_SUSPEND_PREPARE);
	if (error)
		goto Finish;

	error = usermodehelper_disable();
	if (error)
		goto Finish;

	error = suspend_freeze_processes();
	if (!error)
		return 0;

	suspend_thaw_processes();
	usermodehelper_enable();
 Finish:
	pm_notifier_call_chain(PM_POST_SUSPEND);
	pm_restore_console();
	return error;
}

在suspend_freeze_processes()函数中调用了freeze_processes()函数，而freeze_processes()函数中又调用了try_to_freeze_tasks()来完成冻结任务。在冻结过程中，会判断当前进程是否有wake_lock，若有，则冻结失败，函数会放弃冻结。

linux_source/kernel/power/power.h
static inline int suspend_freeze_processes(void)
{
	return freeze_processes(); //stone tag
}

linux_source/kernel/power/process.c
/**
 *	freeze_processes - tell processes to enter the refrigerator
 */
int freeze_processes(void)
{
	int error;

	printk("Freezing user space processes ... ");
	error = try_to_freeze_tasks(true);
	if (error)
		goto Exit;
	printk("done.\n");

	printk("Freezing remaining freezable tasks ... ");
	error = try_to_freeze_tasks(false);
	if (error)
		goto Exit;
	printk("done.");

	oom_killer_disable();
 Exit:
	BUG_ON(in_atomic());
	printk("\n");

	return error;
}

到现在，所有的进程(也包括workqueue/kthread) 都已经停止了，内核态进程有可能在停止的时候握有一些信号量，所以如果这时候在外设里面去解锁这个信号量有可能会发生死锁， 所以在外设suspend()函数里面作lock/unlock锁要非常小心，建议不要在外设的suspend()里面等待锁。而且suspend的过程中，有一些log是无法输出的，所以一旦出现问题，非常难调试。

回到enter_state()函数中，在冻结进程完成后，调用suspend_devices_and_enter()函数让外设进入休眠。该函数中，首先休眠串口（之后不能再显示log，解决方法为在kernel配置选项的cmd_line中，添加”no_console_suspend”选项，或者直接注释掉suspend_console()函数），再通过dpm_suspend_start(PMSG_SUSPEND);函数调用各驱动的suspend函数。

linux_source/kernel/power/suspend.c
/** 
 *	suspend_devices_and_enter - suspend devices and enter the desired system
 *				    sleep state.
 *	@state:		  state to enter
 */
int suspend_devices_and_enter(suspend_state_t state)
{
	int error;

	if (!suspend_ops)
		return -ENOSYS;

	trace_machine_suspend(state);
	if (suspend_ops->begin) {
		error = suspend_ops->begin(state);
		if (error)
			goto Close;
	}
	//suspend_console();
	suspend_test_start();
	error = dpm_suspend_start(PMSG_SUSPEND);
	if (error) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "PM: Some devices failed to suspend\n");
		goto Recover_platform;
	}
	suspend_test_finish("suspend devices");
	if (suspend_test(TEST_DEVICES))
		goto Recover_platform;
	error = suspend_enter(state);

 Resume_devices:
	suspend_test_start();
	dpm_resume_end(PMSG_RESUME);
	suspend_test_finish("resume devices");
	//resume_console();
 Close:
	if (suspend_ops->end)
		suspend_ops->end();
	trace_machine_suspend(PWR_EVENT_EXIT);
	return error;

 Recover_platform:
	if (suspend_ops->recover)
		suspend_ops->recover();
	goto Resume_devices;
}

当外设进入休眠后，进入suspend_enter()，在suspend_enter()中suspend_ops->prepare()被调用，suspend_ops是板级的PM操作,依赖于具体的平台，在我samsung4412系统中，其注册在linux_source/arch/arm/plat-samsung/pm.c中，定义了suspend_ops->enter()函数。

linux_source/arch/arm/plat-samsung/pm.c
static const struct platform_suspend_ops s3c_pm_ops = {
	.enter		= s3c_pm_enter,
	.prepare	= s3c_pm_prepare,
	.finish		= s3c_pm_finish,
	.valid		= suspend_valid_only_mem,
};

接下来，首先关闭IRQ，关闭不用的CPU，休眠所有的系统设备和总线。最后调用 suspend_pos->enter() 来使CPU进入省电状态。这时候，整个休眠过程完成，代码的执行也就停在这里了。

linux_source/kernel/power/suspend.c
/**
 *	suspend_enter - enter the desired system sleep state.
 *	@state:		state to enter
 *
 *	This function should be called after devices have been suspended.
 */
static int suspend_enter(suspend_state_t state)
{
	int error;

	if (suspend_ops->prepare) {
		error = suspend_ops->prepare();
		if (error)
			goto Platform_finish;
	}

	error = dpm_suspend_noirq(PMSG_SUSPEND);
	if (error) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "PM: Some devices failed to power down\n");
		goto Platform_finish;
	}

	if (suspend_ops->prepare_late) {
		error = suspend_ops->prepare_late();
		if (error)
			goto Platform_wake;
	}

	if (suspend_test(TEST_PLATFORM))
		goto Platform_wake;

	error = disable_nonboot_cpus();
	if (error || suspend_test(TEST_CPUS))
		goto Enable_cpus;

	arch_suspend_disable_irqs();
	BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());

	error = syscore_suspend();
	if (!error) {
		if (!(suspend_test(TEST_CORE) || pm_wakeup_pending())) {
			error = suspend_ops->enter(state);
			events_check_enabled = false;
		}
		syscore_resume();
	}

	arch_suspend_enable_irqs();
	BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());

 Enable_cpus:
	enable_nonboot_cpus();

 Platform_wake:
	if (suspend_ops->wake)
		suspend_ops->wake();

	dpm_resume_noirq(PMSG_RESUME);

 Platform_finish:
	if (suspend_ops->finish)
		suspend_ops->finish();

	return error;
}

在suspend_pos->enter()所对应的函数中，代码最终停止在s3c_pm_arch_stop_clocks();处。

linux_source/arch/arm/plat-samsung/pm.c
/* s3c_pm_enter 
 *
 * central control for sleep/resume process
*/
static int s3c_pm_enter(suspend_state_t state)
{
	.....
	/* save all necessary core registers not covered by the drivers */
	s3c_pm_save_gpios();
	s3c_pm_saved_gpios();
	s3c_pm_save_uarts();
	s3c_pm_save_core();
	.....

	/* send the cpu to sleep... */
	s3c_pm_arch_stop_clocks();

	/* s3c_cpu_save will also act as our return point from when
	 * we resume as it saves its own register state and restores it
	 * during the resume.  */
	s3c_cpu_save(0, PLAT_PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET);

	/* restore the cpu state using the kernel's cpu init code. */
	cpu_init();

	s3c_pm_restore_core();
	s3c_pm_restore_uarts();
	s3c_pm_restore_gpios();
	s3c_pm_restored_gpios();
	.....

	return 0;
}

Android 唤醒过程如下：
如果在休眠中系统被中断或者其他事件唤醒，接下来的代码就从suspend完成的地方开始执行，即pm.c中的s3c_pm_enter()中的cpu_init()，然后执行suspend_enter()的syscore_resume()函数，唤醒系统设备和总线，使能系统中断。然后回到suspend_devices_and_enter()函数中，dpm_resume_end(PMSG_RESUME)发出resume消息唤醒每个设备，使能终端。当suspend_devices_and_enter()执行完成后，系统外设已经唤醒，但进程依然是冻结的状态，返回到enter_state函数中，调用suspend_finish()函数。在suspend_finish()函数中，解冻进程和任务，使能用户空间helper进程，广播一个系统从suspend状态退出的notify，唤醒终端。

linux_source/kernel/power/suspend.c
/**
 *	suspend_finish - Do final work before exiting suspend sequence.
 *
 *	Call platform code to clean up, restart processes, and free the
 *	console that we've allocated. This is not called for suspend-to-disk.
 */
static void suspend_finish(void)
{
	suspend_thaw_processes();
	usermodehelper_enable();
	pm_notifier_call_chain(PM_POST_SUSPEND); //重要，唤醒系统和RIL等进程
	pm_restore_console();
}

当所有的唤醒已经结束以后，用户进程都已经开始运行了，但没点亮屏幕，唤醒通常会是以下的几种原因：
如果是来电，那么Modem会通过中断脚唤醒AP，rild是一个守护进程，在醒来后不断从modem usb数据端口polling数据，当发现是incoming call或者incoming sms事件后就通知WindowManager有来电响应，这样就会远程调用PowerManagerService来写”on”到 /sys/power/state 来调用late resume()，执行点亮屏幕等操作。
用户按键事件会送到WindowManager中，WindowManager会处理这些按键事件，按键分为几种情况，如果按键不是唤醒键，那么WindowManager会主动放弃wakeLock来使系统进入再次休眠；如果按键是唤醒键，那么WindowManger就会调用PowerManagerService中的接口来执行late Resume。  当”on”被写入到/sys/power/state之后，同early_suspend过程，request_suspend_state()被调用，只是执行的工作队列变为late_resume_work。在late_resume函数中，唤醒调用了early_suspend的设备。