学生信息管理系统-书本实例

写在前面

本例是南邮本科教材<<面向对象程序设计及C++（第2版）>>（就是下面这本，朱立华、俞琼、郭剑、朱建主编）中第六章后面的小 Project，简单的学生信息管理系统，没有 String、没有 vector，简单的类实现以及运算符重载操作。代码并不难，只是作为热身练习，不过修复 Bug 倒也耗费了不少时间。这里只做记录，mark 自己水过来的本科课程，以及现在重新回来填坑。

这里基本是重现了课本上的代码，顺带解决一些Visual Studio 2015下旧代码出现的问题，以及一些书本不小心的错误。

程序代码

程序代码包括 5 个源码文件：Student.h、Student.cpp、Interface.h、Interface.cpp、Main.cpp。Student 类对应学生类，Interface 对应界面和一些对学生类的操作：浏览、查询、新增等操作，Main 函数启动程序。

代码中的输出操作本人为了保持与项目代码风格一致，刻意使用了 std::cout、std::endl 这种风格，没有使用命名空间。

Student.h

#ifndef STUDENT_H_
#define STUDENT_H_

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string.h>

class Person
{
protected:
    char *name;
    char sex;
    int age;
public:
    Person();
    Person(char *na,char s,int a);
    ~Person();

};

class Student:virtual public Person
{
protected:
    char speciality[20];
    char number[16];
public:
    Student();
    Student(char *na,char s,int a,char *spec,char *num);
    ~Student();
    Student & operator = (Student &);
    operator char *();
    operator char();
    operator int();
    friend std::ostream & operator <<(std::ostream &, const Student &);
    friend std::istream & operator >>(std::istream &, Student &);

};

#endif // !STUDENT_H_

Student.cpp

#include "Student.h"

Person::Person()
{
    name = NULL;
}

Person::Person(char * na, char s, int a)
{
    if (na)
    {
        name = new char[strlen(na) + 1];
        strcpy_s(name,strlen(na)+1,na);
    }
    sex = s;
    age = a;
}

Person::~Person()
{
    if (name)
    {
        delete[]name;
    }
}


Student::Student()
{
}

Student::Student(char * na, char s, int a, char * spec, char *num): Person(na,s,a)
{
    strcpy_s(speciality, strlen(spec) + 1, spec);
    strcpy_s(number, strlen(num) + 1, num);
}

Student::~Student()
{

}

Student & Student::operator=(Student &st)
{
    // TODO: ÔÚ´Ë´¦²åÈë return Óï¾ä
    if (name)
    {
        delete []name;
    }
    if (st.name)
    {
        name = new char[strlen(st.name) + 1];
        strcpy_s(name, strlen(st.name) + 1, st.name);
    }
    else
    {
        name = 0;
    }
    sex = st.sex;
    age = st.age;
    strcpy_s(speciality, strlen(st.speciality) + 1, st.speciality);
    strcpy_s(number, strlen(st.number) + 1, st.number);
    return *this;
}

Student::operator char * ()
{
    return name;
}

Student::operator char ()
{
    return sex;
}

Student::operator int ()
{
    return age;
}

std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, const Student & stu)
{
    // TODO: ÔÚ´Ë´¦²åÈë return Óï¾ä
    out << stu.name << '\t';
    out << stu.sex << '\t';
    out << stu.age << '\t';
    out << stu.speciality << "\t\t";
    out << stu.number << '\n';
    return out;
}

std::istream & operator >> (std::istream & in, Student & stu)
{
    // TODO: ÔÚ´Ë´¦²åÈë return Óï¾ä
    char temp[80];
    std::cout << "Please enter a student infomation:\n";
    std::cout << "Name: ";              in >> temp;
    if (temp)
    {
        stu.name = new char[strlen(temp) + 1];
        strcpy_s(stu.name, strlen(temp) + 1, temp);
    }
    std::cout << "Sex: ";               in >> stu.sex;
    std::cout << "Age: ";               in >> stu.age;
    std::cout << "Speciality: ";        in >> stu.speciality;
    std::cout << "Student Number: ";    in >> stu.number;

    return in;
}

Interface.h

#ifndef INTERFACE_H_
#define INTERFACE_H_

#include "Student.h"

// student number
const int N = 2;

class Interface
{
protected:
    Student stu[N];
    int num;
public:
    Interface();
    void Browse();
    void Run();
    void Input();
    void Sort();
    void Statistic();
    bool Search();
};

#endif // !INTERFACE_H_

Interface.cpp

#include "Interface.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>

Interface::Interface()
{
    num = 0;
}

void Display() 
{
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::cout << "**********0. EXIT\t**********" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "**********1. Input info\t**********" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "**********2. Search\t**********" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "**********3. Browse\t**********" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "**********4. Sort by age**********" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "**********5. Statistic\t**********" << std::endl;
}

void Interface::Run()
{
    unsigned int choice;
    do
    {
        Display();
        std::cout << "Please choose:";
        std::cin >> choice;
        if (choice<0||choice>5)
        {
            std::cout << "the num you choose must 0~5" << std::endl;
            return;
        }
        switch (choice)
        {
        case 0:break;
        case 1:
            Input();
            break;
        case 2:
            Search();
            break;
        case 3:
            Browse();
            break;
        case 4:
            Sort();
            break;
        case 5:
            Statistic();
            break;

        default:
            break;
        }
    } while (choice);
}

void Interface::Input()
{
    if (num == N) 
    {
        std::cout << "\nInfomation was FULL !\n";
        return;
    }
    int i = num;
    std::cin >> stu[i];
    num++;
}

void Interface::Browse()
{
    std::cout << "\n Information about Students that you would like to check£º\n";
    if (num == 0)
    {
        std::cout << "\n No information !\n";
        return;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Name" << "\t" << "Sex" << "\t" << "Age" << "\t" << "Speciality" << "\t" << "SNumber" << "\n";
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
        {
            std::cout << stu[i];
        }
    }
}

void Interface::Sort()
{
    std::cout << "\nSorted by age!\n";
    int k = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < num - 1; i++)
    {
        k = i;
        for (int j  = i+1; j < num; j++)
        {
            if ((int)(stu[k]) > (int)(stu[j]))
                k = j;
        }
        if (k!=i)
        {
            // Student t=stu[k]; doesnot call for operator =
            Student t;
            t = stu[k];
            stu[k] = stu[i];
            stu[i] = t;
        }
    }
}

void Interface::Statistic()
{
    int m = 0;
    std::cout << "\nStatistic by stu sex!\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        if (char(stu[i]) == 'M' || char(stu[i]) == 'm')
            m++;
    }
    std::cout << "\nResult! Male sut num:"<<m<<"!\n";
}

bool Interface::Search()
{
    char na[20];
    std::cout << "\nThe stu name you want to locate:\n";
    std::cin >> na;
    int i = 0;
    for ( ; i < num; i++)
    {
        if (strcmp((char*)(stu[i]), na) == 0)
            break;
    }

    if (i == num)
    {
        std::cout << "\nNobody!\n";
        return false;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << stu[i];
    }
    return true;
}

Main.cpp

#include "Interface.h"

int main() 
{
    Interface interface1;
    interface1.Run();
    return 0;
}